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Identifikácia stratégií zvládania nespravodlivosti v partnerskom vzťahu

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Rovenská D., Lovaš L.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 2
57–72
EN
Problem. Injustice appraisals follow from (a) believing that somebody‘s entitlement has been violated and (b) attributing responsibility and blame for this fact to some other agents than the person affected (Mikula, Scherer, & Athenstaedt, 1998). Social justice research has shown that people respond with negative attitudes and behaviors when they perceive unjust situations. The tradition of socio-psychological research in the context of injustice is focused on two main ways of possible responses, specifically behavioral or cognitive responses (Törnblom, 1977). However, coping with injustice in intimate relationships is a specific topic. This fact has negatively affected the amount of relevant sources in this research area. Just few previous studies were focused on the analysis of coping strategies that people use when they have been harmed by a loved one. For example, Pearlin and Schooler (1978) argue coping strategies involve: (1) self-reliance vs. advice seeking, (2) controlled reflectiveness vs. emotional discharge, (3) positive comparisons, (4) negotiation, (5) self-assertion vs. passive forebearance, (6) selective ignoring. Methods. The contribution is dealing with the development of a questionnaire to identify coping strategies used in injustice situations in intimate relationships. The intention was also focused on define the character of identified strategies in relation to: (1) the classic coping strategies which reflect coping with injustice in individual way (using Brief COPE; Carver, 1997) and (2) the coping strategies which imply the synergistic effect (using Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II - ROCI II; Rahim & Magner, 1995). 207 participants with an average age of 26.77 years (SD = 4.72) were involved in the research. Results and discussion. Factor solution pointed to five factors with satisfactory internal consistency (1) cooperation (? = 0.848), (2) assertivity (? = 0.815), (3) revenge (? = 0.650), (4) instrumental support (? = 0.700), (5) nonchalance (? = 0.712). Character of the items noted that respondents‘ answers did not include just strategies which are used to cope with injustice in individual way (subjective reduction of consequences arising from injustice), but especially revealed strategies that describe coping in the frame of interaction (the synergistic nature of coping). The identified coping strategies correlated with two other constructs (Brief COPE, ROCI II) in varying degrees. This fact highlights the relevance of conceptualisation of coping with injustice in intimate relationships as a multidimensional construct which has important role in series of classic coping questionnaires (that are not able to capture the subtle differences in coping implying interaction process).
2
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Dodržiavanie predsavzatí a zdôvodňovanie ich porušovania

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Lovaš L., Čopková R.
Psychologie a její kontexty
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2016
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vol. 7
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issue 1
51-63
EN
The aim of the presented research is to confirm if it is possible to consider selfhandicapping and self-licensing as reasoning strategies of resolution violation in the process of resisting temptation. We have tried to confirm the existence of significant relationship and the possibility of prediction of resistance in compliance with resolutions, self-handicapping and self-licensing. We understand resolution as goal intention initiated and set by individual for himself/herself. Then, resistance in compliance with resolutions refers to high level of self-control and willpower in pursuing and attaining specific kind of goals or intentions – resolutions. It is the resistance to situational influences causing impulsive behavior. Self-handicapping is the self-protective strategy known as using of situational circumstances for excusing poor achievement. The third discussed term is self- licensing occuring when past moral behavior makes people more likely to do potentially immoral things without worrying about feeling or appearing immoral. We have used the sample of 121 university students aged from 18 to 30 years (average age = 22,2 years, standard deviation = 2,2). To measure the variables we have used three questionnaires, the questionnaire of Resistance in compliance with resolutions (Lovaš, Čopková, 2012), translated version of Self-Handicapping Scale (Jones, Rhodewalt, 1982) and Self- Licensing questionnaire constructed for the purpose of this research. We have supposed negative relationship between resistance in complinace with resolutions and both kinds of reasoning strategies of resolution violation. The Pearson correlation analysis has shown that there are significant negative relationship between variables of resistance in compliance with resolutions and self-handicapping (-0,332) (significance level p<0,01). The less significant negative relationship is between resistance in compliance with resolutions and self-licensing (-0,129). The regression analysis didn´t confirm the prediction power of our model (R2 = 0,112), but we can consider self-handicapping as better predictor of resistance in compliance with resolutions (p = 0,001) than selflicensing (p = 0,705). We have also been interested in internal consistency and other psychometric characteristics of questionnaires. The Cronbach´s alpha (CA) was used as indicator of internal consistency. The value of Cronbach´s alphafor questionnaire for Resistance in complince with resolutions was 0,846, for Slovak version of Selfhandicapping Scale 0,776 and for Self-Licensing questionnaire 0,746. We have run used questionnaures under the factor analysis and we identified three factors in each of questionnaires. In Self-Handicapping scale we have found factors: Behavioral Self- Handicapping (CA = 0,756), Claimed Self-Handicapping (CA = 0,628) and Emotions (CA = 0,724). In Self-Licensing questionnaire we have found Reward (CA = 0,732) , Resignation (CA = 0,699) and Compensation (CA = 0,584). Acquisition of our research consists in enriching self-regulation and self-control research because of using goaldirected behavior perspective, sepcifically the perspective of setting and attaining specific goals – resolutions.
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GOAL COMMITMENT MEDIATES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPECTED POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF GOAL ATTAINMENT AND EFFORT

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Fabiny N., Lovaš L.
Studia Psychologica
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2018
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vol. 60
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issue 2
84 – 93
EN
Expected positive consequences are predictors of effort expenditure in goal pursuit (Sheldon & Elliot, 1999). However, there are indications that this relationship is moderated (Locke & Latham, 1990) or mediated by commitment. A sample of 388 university students was administrated questionnaires in order to measure goal commitment, effort and positive expected goal attainment consequences. The results suggest that goal commitment is not a moderator of the relationship between positive expected goal attainment consequences and exerted effort but rather mediates the relationship. The findings outline that expected consequences in terms of cost-benefit analysis as another type of expectations are associated with effort, too.
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PROGRESS THAT MOTIVATES -WHEN WE WANT TO: PERCEIVED PROGRESS AS A MEDIATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-CONCORDANCE AND ONGOING EFFORT EXPENDITURE

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Kačmár P., Lovaš L., Bobková M.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2019
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vol. 22
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issue 2
10 – 27
EN
The present study examines the proposal that perceived progress mediates the relationship between self-concordance and continued effort expenditure. According to Sheldon and Elliot (1999), goal-striving consists of a positive relationship between motivation, effort and goal attainment. There is a positive influence of motivation on the applied effort which is reflected in the progress in goal attainment. The main aim of the present study was to verify the relationship between autonomous vs. controlled motivation and exerted effort in continuing goal achievement at the stage where the monitoring of goal progress is part of further goal attainment. This focus on motivation can shed some light on why the achievement of partial progress sometimes leads to an increase and sometimes to a decrease in the consequent effort towards a goal. In our study, it was hypothesized that our data are in line with a simple mediation model proposing that perceived progress accounts for the variance between self-concordance and effort expenditure. The results were in line with the prediction that perceived progress mediates the relationship between self-concordance and consequent effort. Furthermore, both self-concordance and perceived progress were positively related to effort expenditure.
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