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PL
Rozważania podjęte w tym artykule bezpośrednio wynikają z badań nad losami dzieci urodzonych z powodu wojny w Polsce (Children Born of War) i wiążą się z metodologicznym, epistemologicznym i etycznym napięciem doświadczanym w pracy z rozmówcami oraz podczas analizy ich relacji. Napotkane trudności stały się źródłem do krytycznej refleksji oraz impulsem do podjęcia próby usystematyzowania wiedzy o wzajemnych relacjach dwóch tradycji badawczych: historii mówionej i metody biograficznej, które na przestrzeni kilku dekad współistniały, wzajemnie na siebie wpływając i przenikając się do tego stopnia, że z czasem wielu badaczy zaczęło je ze sobą utożsamiać lub uważać jedną za część drugiej i na odwrót. Istotny w tym procesie był chaos dotyczący terminów i pojęć. W tekście przedstawione zostały także podobieństwa i różnice obu podejść, zarówno w wymiarze epistemologicznym, jak i etycznym. Za fundamentalną różnicę uznany został stosunek do badanego, który wynika przede wszystkim z odmiennych celów naukowych, jakie stawiają sobie badacze poruszający się w obu polach badawczych. Podkreślenie różnic nie ma jednak celu stawiania granic, ale stanowi postulat zachowania większej uważności i samoświadomości teoretycznej i metodologicznej badaczy, ma także sprzyjać wzajemnemu poznawaniu się i inspirowaniu, co może pozytywnie wpłynąć na jakość badań i analiz.
EN
Reflections undertaken in this article are a direct result of the research into the fate of Children Born of War (CBOW) in Poland and relate to the methodological, epistemological and ethical tension experienced while working with the interview partners and analyzing their biographical accounts. The encountered difficulties became a root cause of the critical reflection and an impulse to an attempt to systematize the knowledge about the mutual relations of two research traditions: oral history and biographical method which have coexisted over the past few decades, interfering and penetrating each other to such an extent that many researchers began to equate them or consider one of them as a part of the other and vice versa. The chaos of terms and concepts was of great importance in this process. The text also presents similarities and differences of the two approaches both in an epistemological and ethical sense. The attitude towards the narrator, which is mainly the result of different scientific goals that researchers aim at in both research fields was recognized as the fundamental difference. However, underscoring the differences has no purpose of setting boundaries, but it is a postulate to be more careful and bear theoretical and methodological self-awareness of researchers, it is also meant to foster mutual learning and inspiration, which can positively affect the quality of research and analysis.
EN
The biographical account of Barbara Gołajewska-Chudzikiewicz was recorded in 2007 as a part of the documentary project “The Forgotten Witnesses to the 20th century” run by the KARTA Centre and the History Meeting House. The narrator tells the story of her life, as well as the story of her family, starting in 1918. As the material is very extensive, in this publication only the fragments regarding the years 1918–1945 are presented. The narrative, in a manner typical for landed gentry of the Kielce region, contains a description of Ms Gołajewska-Chudzikiewicz’s childhood and family life in a small landed estate of Bieganów in the times of the Second Polish Republic. It gives insight into the course of her education, upbringing of children and young people in a landowning family, relations between the servants and the landowners, everyday life in the manor house, along with civilization difficulties, celebrating of holidays, the manor-village relations, and finally the general way the landed family functioned between the countryside and the city. The next important part of the narrative starts with the outbreak of WWII and conveys the everyday life of the manor under German occupation in the General-Government. The narrator describes the functions of the Polish manor in occupation conditions: helping and giving shelter to those displaced from the territories incorporated to the Third Reich, helping the Warsaw Uprising fugitive fighters, active participation in the Home Army structures, and relations with the German invader, as well as food and clothes extortions run by armed groups of unknown provenance, and confrontation with the Soviet army entering from the East.
EN
The text is about Poles who in 1941, as a result of the so-called amnesty, left the Soviet Union and wandered the earth to end up in Lebanon. Their presence in this country was a phenomenon unprecedented in the Middle East region. The biggest wave of Polish refugees came to Lebanon in the years 1943–1946 and had ca. 6000 people for whom Lebanon became a truly safe haven. This continued till the beginning of the 1950s, when the last group off Poles left the country. Most of them never came back to their home country, settling mostly in Great Britain and beyond the Ocean, while only a handful of them remained in Lebanon.  The text discusses the accounts given by the so-called “Lebanese”, as those Poles who at some point of their lives found refuge in Lebanon call themselves. The accounts were recorded in Poland, Great Britain and Lebanon. “The Lebanese” explained the motives that drove people or their families forced to leave their place of stay when taking decisions regarding new destination. Also, the text describes in detail the impressions of the narrators from the new places they found themselves in and how they coped in new reality (on the example of Great Britain and Poland which was a Communist-ruled country at that time). The text aims to familiarize the audience with this subject, about which not much has been said so far.
PL
The text is about Poles who in 1941, as a result of the so-called amnesty, left the Soviet Union and wandered the earth to end up in Lebanon. Their presence in this country was a phenomenon unprecedented in the Middle East region. The biggest wave of Polish refugees came to Lebanon in the years 1943–1946 and had ca. 6000 people for whom Lebanon became a truly safe haven. This continued till the beginning of the 1950s, when the last group off Poles left the country. Most of them never came back to their home country, settling mostly in Great Britain and beyond the Ocean, while only a handful of them remained in Lebanon. The text discusses the accounts given by the so-called “Lebanese”, as those Poles who at some point of their lives found refuge in Lebanon call themselves. The accounts were recorded in Poland, Great Britain and Lebanon. “The Lebanese” explained the motives that drove people or their families forced to leave their place of stay when taking decisions regarding new destination. Also, the text describes in detail the impressions of the narrators from the new places they found themselves in and how they coped in new reality (on the example of Great Britain and Poland which was a Communist-ruled country at that time). The text aims to familiarize the audience with this subject, about which not much has been said so far.
EN
The article diagnoses the need to create a space for collaborative analysis of interviews in the frame of oral history, which as a research practice and civic activity has long been present both in Polish historiography and in Polish culture. According to the author, after many years of improving methodological skills of interviewing, processing and archiving oral accounts, advancing ethical reflection, the time has come to disseminate oral sources, as well as to undertake analytical work on both existing material and newly collected interviews. This text is an encouragement to participate in the Oral History Seminars, which will aim to bring together theoretical and methodological reflection from representatives of various disciplines, centers and organizations that practice oral history in Poland.
PL
W artykule zdiagnozowana została potrzeba stworzenia przestrzeni do wspólnej analizy wywiadów w ramie historii mówionej, która jako praktyka badawcza i aktywność obywatelska jest już od dawna obecna zarówno w polskiej historiografii, jak i szerzej w polskiej kulturze. Po wielu latach doskonalenia warsztatu metodologicznego w zakresie prowadzenia wywiadów, ich opracowania i archiwizacji, a także pogłębiania refleksji etycznej, przyszedł czas na upowszechnianie źródeł ustnych oraz podejmowanie pracy analitycznej zarówno istniejących już materiałów, jak i nowo pozyskiwanych wywiadów. Tekst jest zachętą do udziału w Seminariach Historii Mówionej, których celem poza kolektywną interpretacją źródeł będzie namysł teoretyczny, metodologiczny i etyczny nad oral history, do którego zaproszeni są przedstawiciele różnych dyscyplin, ośrodków i organizacji praktykujących historię mówioną w Polsce.
EN
The authors draw attention to the need for an in-depth discussion about ethical issues in the oralist’s workshop which would, in the future, lead to the creation of a code of good practice, regulating the principles of conducting oral history interviews, their archiving,  and subsequent use. In the social sciences in Poland, psychologists, especially psychotherapists, have similar codification, hence the comparison of their rules with the challenges of oralists. The recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Helsinki Declaration of the World Association of Physicians (WMA) and guidelines of the Council of International Medical Societies (CIOMS) as well as foreign associations of oral history practitioners can also be an example. Following the example of groups dealing with spoken history in Western Europe and in the United States, placing greater emphasis on the ethical context in research will certainly strengthen the paradigm of this young science field in Poland.
PL
Autorzy zwracają uwagę na potrzebę pogłębionej dyskusji dotyczącej kwestii etycznych w warsztacie oralisty, która w przyszłości doprowadziłaby do stworzenia kodeksu dobrych praktyk, regulującego zasady prowadzenia wywiadów oral history, ich archiwizacji oraz późniejszego wykorzystania. W naukach społecznych w Polsce podobną kodyfikacją dysponują psychologowie, zwłaszcza psychoterapeuci, stąd porównanie zasad ich obowiązujących z wyzwaniami będącymi udziałem oralistów. Wzorem mogą stać się także rekomendacje Światowej Organizacji Zdrowia (WHO), Deklaracji Helsińskiej Światowego Stowarzyszenia Lekarzy (WMA) oraz wytycznych Rady Międzynarodowych Towarzystw Medycznych (CIOMS), jak również zagraniczne stowarzyszenia praktyków oral history. Idąc za przykładem środowisk zajmujących się historią mówioną w Europie Zachodniej oraz w Stanach Zjednoczonych, położenie większego nacisku na kontekst etyczny w badaniach z pewnością wzmocni paradygmat tej wciąż jeszcze młodej dziedziny naukowej w Polsce.
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