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Comparison of lung cancer risk in black-coal miners based on mortality and incidence

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Tomášková H., Šplíchalová A., Šlachtová H., Jirák Z.
Medycyna Pracy
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2020
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vol. 71
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issue 5
513-518
EN
BackgroundCancer risk (especially as regards lung cancer) in black-coal miners is mainly analyzed on the basis of mortality. The risk calculated based on mortality may differ from the values based on incidence. The aim of the study was to compare cancer risk in black-coal miners with and without coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), based on data on mortality and the incidence of lung cancer in the Czech Republic in 1992–2013.Material and MethodsThe cohort without CWP was composed of 6687 miners, and the cohort with CWP of 3476 miners. Information on the incidence of lung cancer was obtained from the Czech National Oncological Register (NOR), and information on mortality from the National Population Register. The risk of lung cancer incidence was compared with the general male population in the Czech Republic using the standardized incidence ratio (SIR), and the risk of lung cancer mortality using the standardized mortality ratio (SMR), with the 95% CI.ResultsIn miners with CWP, a lower SMR value was found, SMR = 1.70 (95% CI: 1.41–2.04), compared with the SIR value, SIR = 2.01 (95% CI: 1.70–2.36). In miners without CWP, this was opposite, the value of SIR = 0.81 (95% CI: 0.69–0.94) was lower than the value of SMR = 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70–0.98). In miners without CWP, 17 cases of lung cancer (out of 176 cases in total) were not registered in NOR. In miners with CWP, the share of not registered cases was significantly lower (p = 0.018), and it was represented by 3% of not registered lung cancer cases, out of 156 cases with the diagnosis of lung cancer.ConclusionsIn spite of the difference between SIR and SMR, the results of both indicators were consistent with the resulting relationship between the lung cancer risk and CWP.
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Perception of health risk and compliance with preventive measures related to COVID-19 in the Czech population: preliminary results of a rapid questionnaire survey

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Dalecká A., Šlachtová H., Tomášková H., Maďar R.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2021
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vol. 34
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issue 2
165-176
EN
ObjectivesIn the Czech Republic, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID‑19) has been decelerated by quickly adopting strict and strongly limiting government measures. In this study, the authors present the preliminary results (April 1–5, 2020) of a public risk perception study of COVID‑19.Material and MethodsThe online questionnaire survey was announced in the national TV and radio stations with the nationwide coverage. Respondents were recruited through the website of the University of Ostrava during the first 5 days of the survey (N = 7966). The data covered risk perception with a focus on physical and psychological aspects, the current socio-economic situation and adaptation to the lockdown. The authors used Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, as well as ordered logistic regression, with a significance level of 5% using STATA version 15.ResultsFrom the total sample of the respondents aged 40 years on average (a range of 15–87 years), the present study shows that women (p < 0.001) and elderly people (p < 0.001) perceived the health risk related to COVID‑19 as significantly worse than others. Older people (>60 years) perceived their mental health as significantly better than younger participants (p < 0.001). Most of the respondents assessed the adopted measures as adequate (71%) and believed in their effectiveness (69.7%).ConclusionsThis study contributes to understanding the risk perception as a public response to the COVID‑19 pandemic.
3
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Risk of chronic diseases limiting longevity and healthy aging by lifestyle and socio-economic factors during the life-course – a narrative review

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Skýbová D., Šlachtová H., Tomášková H., Dalecká A., Maďar R.
Medycyna Pracy
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2021
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vol. 72
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issue 5
535-548
EN
The review provides a comprehensive summary of existing literature focusing on the most serious risk factors of non-communicable diseases and collects current knowledge on their distribution, determinants, clusters, psychological and socio-economic consequences. Especially, the life-course approach is stressed, early life consequences of the later onset of chronic diseases, the risk behavior and its social, socio-economic and psychosocial determination is reviewed. Potential of preventing these harmful consequences has a lifelong approach. The aim is to demonstrate the opportunity for future health system transformation in terms of public health prevention regarding the non-communicable diseases. It is concluded that personalized lifestyle medicine should address a patient’s health by empowering them with the information they need to regain control of their health. Preventive methods should be tailored for each patient, considering such patient’s specific genes, environment, lifestyle, early life factors and social patterns of risk factors to avoid burden of health in later age. Intervention and preventive measures should target not only to individual factors but should reflect wider social, psychosocial and socio-economic consequences. It is also crucial from the point of view of public health to consider data on exposome, which are not included in epidemiological studies as well as its impact on health in the context of non-communicable diseases. Med Pr. 2021;72(5):535–48
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An assessment of PM1 levels based on indicative PM1 measurements and relationships with PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, for the analysis of hospital admissions and mortality in the Moravian region

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Šlachtová H., Tomášek I., Polaufová P., Hellebrandová L., Šplíchalová A., Tomášková H.
Medycyna Pracy
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2021
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vol. 72
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issue 3
249-258
EN
Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is a serious concern in the city of Ostrava. Thus, in 2018, a project entitled “Validation of the relationships between PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations, and morbidity and mortality, in the heavily polluted region in the Czech Republic,” was launched. The relationship between hospital admissions and mortality in the said region is based primarily on short-term PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and indicative PM1 measurement. The analysis of spatiotemporal variations and the relationship between PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 data from 3 measurement sites within the city of Ostrava is presented.Material and MethodsThe analysis was based on the daily average PM concentrations for 5 and 6 months at 2 sites, and on the annual average values (2018–2019) at the baseline station. The correlations of and variability between PM fractions, seasonal differences and explanation of the differences found were the objectives of a detailed analysis. Especially, the potential PM1 variability and its causes were analyzed with respect to the location of the site.ResultsThe study findings confirmed good correlations between the PM fractions. Compared to PM10, PM2.5 concentrations were more predictive for PM1 concentrations. The annual means of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 reached 37.5, 29.9 and 27.1 μg/m3 in 2018, respectively, and 25.8, 19.9 and 17.9 μg/m3 in 2019, respectively. The concentration levels in the non-heating season were significantly lower than in the heating season in the 2 years under consideration. The levels of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were significantly correlated (the correlation coefficient, r > 0.96). The levels of PM2.5 represented about 0.82–0.86 of PM10, and the levels of PM1 about 0.92–0.93 of PM2.5. These ratios were found to differ in the heating and non-heating seasons, with the PM2.5–PM10 ratio ranging 0.61–0.63 in the non-heating seasons.ConclusionsThe correlations found will be used for indicative PM1 measurements in other areas of the region. Seasonal variability should be taken into account as well. Med Pr. 2021;72(3):249–58
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