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Early farming adaptation in the Wiśnicz Foothills in the Carpathians. Settlements at Łoniowa and Żerków

100%
Valde-Nowak P.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2009
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vol. 1
15-35
EN
Excavations conducted in 2003 - 2006 at the early Neolithic settlement Łoniowa 80, led to the unveiling of the relics of a long post house connected with Linear Pottery Culture (Želiezovcé phase). Inside, two pits with a contour similar to the rectangular were discovered in the stratigraphic relationship with traces of the house construction. On this basis, we can be sure that both pits were created during the construction or re-construction of the house. At least one of the pits (no. 23), due to the set of artefacts (goblet of a "delicate work", a 12-element flint deposit, two trapezes of Jurassic Cracovian flint), can be considered a grave. In addition, the features of the Malice culture were also discovered; they belong to its classical phase. The second settlement at Żerków provided also materials dated at the Želiezovcé phase of the Linear Pottery Culture. A part of the post longhouse was also unearthed here. The peculiarity of the ceramic from Żerków is the ornament of notch, consisting of three to five holes. This type of ornament has not been detected at Łoniowa house. Both these sites, as well as several neighboring ones, are located in the highest zone of the landscape – on the culmination of hilly ranges. This is a deviation from the typical locating of Linear Pottery Culture sites almost exclusively in the lower parts of slopes and terraces. It can be assumed that the villages developing on the culmination of the Wiśnicz Foothills formed the local settlement network. Extremely small territorial distance between settlements under discussion (ca. 1 km) is probably the result of the fragmentation of the foothills surface. In such an approach they can be treated as one big village consisting of several hamlets. Taking into account the high raw-material potential and the high level of flint technology represented by discovered flint assemblages, we can assume that the settlement was an important point in the route along the Dunajec and Poprad rivers.
2
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Bronzezeitliches Siedlungswesen im Vorfeld der polnischen Westkarpaten: Geomagnetische Untersuchungen und Geländebegehungen im Bereich des Dunajectals

63%
Kienlin T. L., Valde-Nowak P.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2009
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vol. 1
49-71
EN
In 2006, the verification surface surveys and geomagnetic prospection were carried out on Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Wiśnicz and Rożnów Foothills. These sites were discovered in the course of AZP action in the early 90s the last century. The research were undertaken in order to obtain further information on the source potential and character of the settlement. For geomagnetic prospection 15 sites were selected. As a result of the research it was possible to significantly increase the amount of the Early and Older Bronze Age, which are fairly rare in the Carpathians. Particular attention was paid to extensive field scatterings of pottery dated at later periods of the Bronze Age and probably also at the Iron Age. In several sites, as can be judged on the results of geomagnetic prospections, there are numerous features embedded in the ground. In that case, a systematic excavation should be carried out. Of these sites a big highland settlement in Janowice seems to be the most spectacular.
3
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PRVÉ DOKLADY EPIPALEOLITICKÉHO OSÍDLENIA NA ÚZEMÍ LIPTOVA

63%
Valde-Nowak P., Struhár V.
Študijné zvesti
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2008
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issue 43
251 - 258
EN
Long tradition of archaeological research in Liptov is in contrast with excavated Palaeolithic sites. Rescue excavation at the position of Kaštieľ sv. Žofie in northeast Ružomberok at the confluence of rivers Revúca and Váh in 2002 brought sporadic finds of chipped stone industry. Typology of raw materials dated them to the Epipalaeolithic. Typology of the artefacts is not distinctive. Blades and their fragments (6 pieces) occurred apart from flakes (4 pieces). Cultural classification of the artefacts is problematic; Swiderian or Magdalenian (recently proved at Stará Ľubovňa in Spiš) cultures are possible. The majority of finds from Ružomberok are obviously of Epipalaeolithic age, but with no further cultural classification. Camps situated in the vicinity of thermal springs are more numerous. Neanderthal men sought for hot springs as soon as in the middle Palaeolithic (Bešeňová). The finds of chipped stone industry from Ružomberok are the first evidence of Epipalaeolithic settlement in Liptov. Very probably it was a short-term hunter’s camp with advantageous position over the confluence of two rivers providing ideal conditions for tracking and hunting of migrating game. The new sporadic Epipalaeolithic finds are known from the other sites in Liptov (Východná and Liptovská Teplá-Kalameny) as well. The camps in Liptov were connected with Polish ones through the region of Orava where several Epipalaeolithic sites with occurrence of radiolarite and flint chipped stone industry were found. An isolated artefact on the line to Orava was found at the site of Oravice. Existing absence of Palaeolithic finds has been caused by insufficient field activities and detailed prospection and does not reflect real cultural conditions of prehistoric Liptov.
4
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Results of archaeological rescue excavations at Mucharz (Beskidy Mts.)

63%
Valde-Nowak P., Tarasiński A.
Recherches Archéologiques Nouvelle Serie
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2010
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vol. 2
185-201
EN
During rescue excavations at the site Mucharz 12 carried out due to building of the water reservoir at Świnna Poręba on the border of the Middle and Small Beskidy Mts. unexpectedly traces of the Late Paleolithic settlement of Świdry culture were discovered, among them remains of two dwelling features. Besides them the site provided numerous Mesolithic artifacts, traces of Neolithic settlement, assemblages representing two different variants of Bronze Age Mierzanowice culture and finally remains connected with medieval occupation. Studies on stone artifacts demonstrated that mainly during the Mesolithic period local deposits of Mikuszowice hornstone were exploited. Presence of the artifacts made of raw materials coming from some distance sources (e.g. Jurassic flint) was confirmed as well. Presented results put new light on the problem of detectability of archaeological sites within mountain zones of southern Poland, as well as on the character of prehistorical settlement traces on the territory.
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COMPLEX OF THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES AT THE LITMANOVSKA HILL IN JARABINA (NORTHERN SLOVAKIA)

51%
Biernat M., Sojak M., Valde-Nowak P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 1
1 – 20
EN
In this article the new archaeological finds from Jarabina, a village situated about four kilometers to the northwest of Stará Ľubovňa, were discussed. It is very probable that the complex of sites located at the Litmanovská hill, which was discovered several years ago as a result of the field survey, gives next evidences of the Late Palaeolithic settlement in the region of Ľubovnianska Vrchovina as well as the whole Poprad basin in the territory of present Slovakia. Among 216 stone artifacts from Jarabina-Litmanovská the specimens made of local radiolarite, especially its red variety prevailed over the others and the products of siliceous limestone as well as few flint artifacts accompanied them. The products of every stage of the stone knapping can be observed: from a pre-core across the cores, flakes, crested blades, common blades and chips to the tools. In the assemblages of the Jarabina-Litmanovská 1 and 2, which created well-defined concentrations on the surface, the presence of blade technique is clearly noticeable. The inventory of the Jarabina-Litmanovská 3 was consisted of only one object: an atypical massive macroburin. Aside from the mentioned sites, at the Litmanovská hill 27 stone artifacts were gathered. They were mainly flakes made of raw material of low quality. The collection of not knapped small nodules of green radiolarite is also worth attention. Among all the finds some elements of late Pleistocene Świderian and Magdalenian cultures were distinguished, what results in the fact that the sites at the Litmanovská hill may correspond with the inventory from Stará Ľubovňa-Pod Štokom II.
6
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Corded Ware culture at Zagórze in the Middle Beskid (Polish Western Carpathians)

51%
Skłucki J., Kraszewska A., Micyk P., Valde-Nowak P.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2021
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vol. LVI
175-192
EN
In 2012, series of archaeological rescue excavations were carried out at Zagórze, due to the construction of the Świnna Poręba retention reservoir on the Skawa river in Wadowice district (Lesser Poland voivodeship). During this research, in one of the excavated sites – no. 8 – a flint tool was discovered below the top of the slope in the diluvial cover, in the secondary position. The preliminary analysis showed that it is a so-called flame knife, characteristic tool of the Corded Ware culture. Sometime later, feature no. 894 was discovered, located approximately 35 meters from the aforementioned flame knife, at the top of the slope. Five fragments of pottery were found in this feature. Four of them have been classified as fragments of CWC ceramics, including fragments of a beaker and an amphora. On the basis of these finds, as well as comparisons to other sites, two hypotheses were formulated regarding the nature of the discovered feature: a flat grave or a feature of a settlement character. The aim of this paper is to present a comprehensive analysis (including use-wear analysis of the flame knife) and interpretation of these discovered finds.
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