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The relation between Hebrew and Turkic in Crimean Karaim literature on the basis of a translation of the Hebrew drama Melukhat Sha’ul

100%
Smętek D.
Karaite Archives
|
2013
|
issue 1
199-210
EN
This paper discusses three topics related to a Crimean Karaim translation of the Hebrew drama entitled Melukhat Sha’ul. The translation was made in the first half of the nineteenth century, approximately in the 1840s, by a Karaim scholar named Abraham ben Yashar Lutski. The first part of this article is devoted to the characteristics of relations between the Karaims and the Rabbanites at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in the context of their literary activity. It is followed by a short description of the plot of the drama and its connections and deviations from the biblical events presented in The First Book of Samuel. The third part of the article analyzes the influence of Hebrew on the language of the Crimean Karaim translation of Melukhat Sha’ul. Moreover, attention is drawn to the manner in which Hebrew vocabulary related to magic was translated into Turkic. For the purpose of this paper magical terms, which are present in the Hebrew drama, are compared with their counterparts in the Turkic translation.
2

Crimean Karaite Translation Of A Hebrew Drama Melukhat Sha’ul As An Example Of Rabbinic Lierature’s Influence On Literary Activity Of The Crimean Karaites

100%
Smętek D.
Kwartalnik Historii Żydow
|
2012
|
issue 4(244)
520-529
EN
Crimean Karaite handwritten books called mejumas contain a variety of Karaite literature written in Turkic. In the present day knowledge concerning this topic is more profound thanks to the first two critical editions of mejumas which were published recently. Both works present a wide range of Crimean Karaite folklore texts intertwined with literary texts which were also common to other Turkic-speaking nations living in the Crimea. Contents of a manuscript called the mejuma of Samuel Kohen shed a new light on this still not sufficiently examined field of study. Its scope differs from heretofore published mejumas as it contains a Turkic translation of a play entitled Melukhat Sha’ul. This particular manuscript, No. VI-3/22, was written in the Crimea in the second half of the nineteenth century, namely in 1876 or less probably in 1875. The above mentioned play occupies almost the entire book, which is quite peculiar in the light of previously published mejumas. They comprised literary works of wide range of themes and contents and were by no means coherent. In the case of the manuscript of Samuel Kohen I had an opportunity to analyze a text which was uniform in the terms of style, theme and language. The aim of this article is to present the most important aspects of the Crimean Karaite translation of a Hebrew drama Melukhat Sha’ul. For this purpose, a profile of author of the translation is portrayed and a description of the most important features of the play is provided. Moreover, a short fragment of the play is enclosed, namely a song performed by witches of Endor, together with its Hebrew original version and translation into English.
3
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Młody Dawid. Postać pretendenta do tronu ukazana na tle konfliktu ze starym królem w krymskokaraimskim tłumaczeniu maskilskiego dramatu

100%
Smętek D.
Almanach Karaimski
|
2016
|
vol. 5
RU
W  artykule omówiono biblijną postać Dawida, i jego przedstawionie w krymskokaraimskim tłumaczeniu maskilskiego dramatu Meluk¯at Šaʾul ‘Królestwo Saula’. Postać przyszłego króla została przedstawiona w kontekście jego relacji z innymi głównymi postaciami w grze, czyli królem Saulem, synem jego Jonatanem i córką Mikal. Ponadto artykule przedstawiono różnice w sposobie, w jaki wcześnie życie Dawida jest przedstawione i zinterpretowane w dramacie i opisane w pierwszej Księdze Samuela.
EN
This article discusses the biblical figure of David as depicted in a Crimean Karaim translation of a maskilic drama called Melukhat Shaʾul ‘Saul’s Kingdom’. The character of the future king is presented in the context of his relationship with the other main characters of the play, namely king Saul, his son Jonathan and daughter Michal. Moreover, the article demonstrates differences in the manner in which David’s early life is depicted and interpreted that distinguishes it from the drama described in The First Book of Samuel.
4
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Analiza porównawcza krymskokaraimskich piosenek ludowych

100%
Smętek D.
Almanach Karaimski
|
2015
|
vol. 4
35-45
RU
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja i analiza dwóch piosenek ludowych, zwanych türkü, skopiowanych do rękopiśmiennych ksiąg przez Karaimów, którzy w dziewiętnastym wieku mieszkali na terenie Krymu. Na potrzeby artykułu wybrałam piosenki, które pojawiają się w więcej niż jednym rękopisie, dzięki czemu możliwe jest przeprowadzenie analizy porównawczej tekstów pod kątem literackim i językowym. Rękopisy karaimskie były spisywane w różnych lokalizacjach na półwyspie krymskim, co miało wpływ na język, którym posługiwali się kopiści. Ponadto nie istniał zestandaryzowany język literacki, który byłby używany we wszystkich społecznościach karaimskich. Między innymi z tego powodu omawiane przeze mnie wersje piosenek w sposób nieunikniony różnią się od siebie pod względem tekstowym, jak i językowym.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present and analyze the content of two folk songs called Türkü, which were copied into handwritten books by Karaims living in the Crimea in the 19th century. For the purpose of this paper I have chosen songs which appear in more than one manuscript in order to make a comparatison of the literary content and linguistic properties of the works in question. Karaim manuscripts were copied in different locations throughout the Peninsula, which affected the vernacular used by the copyists. Moreover, no standard literary language was used by all Karaim communities. It is due to these reasons, among others, that the aforementioned songs were bound to differ from one another.
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