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Do góry nogami. PZPR na Politechnice Warszawskiej w czasach odwilży 1956 roku

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Ośko P.

Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

2023

issue 20

113-153

The article shows the role of the university’s party cell at the Warsaw University of Technology in the 1956 crisis. Although difficult to grasp in sources, it was noticeable due to the rallies in support of the new leadership of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PZPR) held at this university during the famous Eighth Plenum of the Party. The author tried to identify the political sympathies of University activists for the Party factions. The next part discusses the process of departure from the ‘56 October, which took place very quickly in the PZPR and manifested itself in the suppression of grassroots initiatives and departure from democratic principles for the election of authorities.

W artykule pokazano rolę uczelnianej komórki partyjnej Politechniki Warszawskiej w kryzysie 1956 r. Chociaż trudno uchwytna w źródłach, była ona zauważalna, gdyż na tej uczelni odbywały się wiece poparcia dla nowego kierownictwa PZPR w trakcie słynnego VIII Plenum. Autor starał się rozpoznać sympatie polityczne działaczy Politechniki dla frakcji partyjnych. W dalszej części omówiono proces odchodzenia od Października, który w PZPR nastąpił bardzo szybko i przejawiał się w tłumieniu oddolnych inicjatyw oraz odejściu od demokratycznych zasad wyłaniania władz.

Struktury poziome PZPR w warszawskim środowisku naukowym w latach 1980–1981

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Ośko P.

Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

2018

issue 16

Artykuł dotyczy tzw. struktur poziomych w PZPR, będących nieformalnymi, pozastatutowymi formami współpracy między Podstawowymi Organizacjami Partyjnymi. Zjawisko było charakterystyczne dla kryzysu z lat 1980–1981 i stanowiło część liberalnego nurtu w partii. W tekście przybliżono działalność Partyjnej Komisji Koordynacyjnej Warszawskiego Środowiska Naukowego – zakres podejmowanych przez nią zagadnień związanych z „odnową” PZPR, relacje z aparatem warszawskim i centralnym oraz proces pacyfikacji środowiska po wprowadzeniu stanu wojennego. Communist horizontal structures in the Warsaw academic community in 1980–1981After the agreement concluded with the “Solidarity” in summer of 1980, it was obvious that the crisis would also have an impact on the relations between members of the Polish United Workers’ Party (PUWP). The Political Bureau of the Central Committee as well as the rest of the apparatus divided into two wings. Liberals wanted further cooperation with the Solidarity and democratisation of the Party’s structures. Conservatives (also called dogmatics) were eager to fight against the opposition and therefore maintain discipline in their own ranks in order to be more efficient in that struggle. Meanwhile, ordinary members massed in the Basic Party Organizations along with their leaders from the lower level of the apparatus started to articulate their disappointment and criticism of the PUWP policy and leadership. The phenomenon was most apparent at the universities and the most numerous industrial party cells. Basic organizations started to cooperate with each other, making the so-called “horizontal structures” (in opposition to vertical structures regulated in the Party’s statute). One of that structures was the Party Coordination Commission of the Warsaw Scientific Community. It was established in November 1980 and consisted of representatives of the universities and the Polish Academy of Sciences as well as representatives of workers invited to the Commission. The main issue discussed during the Commission meetings was general democratization, especially of the PUWP. The head of capital’s communist apparatus Stanisław Kociołek supported that movement but probably it was a tactical decision made to please own members in order to have a free hand to deal with the “Solidarity” regarded as the main threat to hegemony of the Party. This uncomfortable partnership lasted almost until the introduction of martial law in December 1981 which delegalized any informal (both dogmatic and horizontal) structures.

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2 Polska 1944/45-1989. Studia i Materiały

2 Ośko P.

1 2023

1 2018

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Do góry nogami. PZPR na Politechnice Warszawskiej w czasach odwilży 1956 roku

Struktury poziome PZPR w warszawskim środowisku naukowym w latach 1980–1981