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Palenie papierosów a cechy osobowości – przegląd badań

100%
Fronczyk K.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2004
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vol. 7
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issue 2
45-62
EN
This paper revievs research findings about the role of individual differences in smoking addiction. Data from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are presented. Smoking addiction is related to Eysenck’s basic personality dimensions and to subdimensions of basic characteristics of personality. However, some research findings do not confirm this link, especially, the relationship between neuroticism and smoking is rather weak. One of possible explanations is that the group of smokers is heterogeneous with regard to personality dimensions and demographic variables. Thus, it is possible to distinguish different types of smokers. Future research into individual causes of smoking must take into account associations with demographic and social factors to understand smoking as a complex human behaviour.
2
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Identyfikacja odpowiadania losowego lub nieuważnego w kwestionariuszu na przykładzie NEO-FFI

100%
Fronczyk K.
Roczniki Psychologiczne
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2014
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vol. 17
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issue 2
439-473
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano dwa mało znane wskaźniki odpowiadania losowego lub nieuważnego: indeks sabotowania Cattella oraz wskaźnik indywidualnego losowego wyniku oczekiwanego. Oba wskaźniki służą do identyfikacji osób, które w kwestionariuszach wielowymiarowych udzielają odpowiedzi niezwiązanych z treścią pytań, np. odpowiedzi losowych. Weryfikacja trafności tych wskaźników polegała na sprawdzeniu, w jakim stopniu pozwalają one odróżnić wyniki rzeczywiste uzyskane w kwestionariuszu NEO-FFI od danych losowych wygenerowanych przez komputer. W badaniu wzięły udział 943 osoby oraz wykorzystano wygenerowane losowo odpowiedzi, symulujące odpowiedzi 1000 osób. Okazało się, że na podstawie obu wskaźników jednocześnie, przy użyciu regresji logistycznej, możliwe było dość dobre odróżnienie danych rzeczywistych od losowych (poprawna identyfikacja w 86% wszystkich wyników). Wynik ten jest dość wysoki, biorąc pod uwagę, że być może część osób wypełniających kwestionariusz NEO-FFI mogła również w rzeczywistości odpowiadać losowo.
EN
The article presents two little-known indices of random or careless responding: Cattell's sabotage index and fixed individualized chance (FIC) score. Both indices are used to identify people who provide content-irrelevant answers, such as random ones, in multidimensional questionnaires. The aim of the study was to verify empirically the diagnostic applications of these indices in distinguishing the actual NEO-FFI scores from random data generated by a computer. The study involved 943 participants and 1000 randomly generated protocols. Based on both indices in combination and using logistic regression, it proved possible to distinguish the actual data from the random data fairly well. Approximately 86% of all data was classified correctly. This result is quite high, given that some participants might have responded to the NEO-FFI items in a random way.
3
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Ocena zasobu słownictwa u dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym – nowe narzędzie testowe

51%
Haman E., Fronczyk K., Miękisz A.
Psychologia Rozwojowa
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2010
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vol. 15
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issue 1
PL
Assessment of vocabulary size – a new tool for testing preschool childrenThe paper presents the first phase of research aimed at the construction of Picture Vocabulary Test (part I – Comprehension; OTS-R). Development of a mental lexicon is one of the basic components of linguistic and communicative competence (Michnick-Golinkoff et al., 2000; Hall and Waxman, 2004). Vocabulary size affects other aspects of language acquisition e.g. grammar (Dale et al., 2000; Dionne et al., 2003). Presented measure aims at the assessing word comprehension in preschool Polish children. In this phase of research, 351 children (age 2–6) took part in the study. Word comprehension was assessed by a picture choice task. Children were presented with a series of four pictures charts, each containing pictures depicting a target word (noun, verb, or adjective) and three distractors related to the target word phonetically, semantically, and thematically. Results show a gradual increase of vocabulary with age, better understanding of verbs over nous and adjectives, and a greater proportion of semantic errors over the other two types of errors. The study enabled the preparation of a new version of assessment tool which is going to be used in the subsequent phase of the research (norming study).
4
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Co rodzice wiedzą o zasobie słownictwa swoich dzieci? Kwestionariuszowe badanie rozwoju słownika dzieci 2–6-letnich

51%
Haman E., Fronczyk K., Girtler I.
Psychologia Rozwojowa
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2009
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vol. 14
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issue 2
PL
What do parents know about their children’s vocabulary? A questionnaire/checklist study of lexical development in children aged 2–6The paper presents a study on lexical development of Polish children aged 2–6. Three tools were constructed for this purpose: “The Child Lexicon Development Questionnaire/Checklist”, “The Questionnaire: Communication and Family Routines“ and a personal questionnaire. All were filled in by children’s parents. The first tool comprised nouns, verbs and adjectives drawn in a layered drawing from the Frequency List of Polish Language Corpus (PWN, 2004). The next two consisted of questions related to interactions in the family, social environment and family SES. Data from 148 children were analyzed. Results revealed non-linear lexical growth with age, positive impact of diversified interactions with parents as well as of a number of different games/play situations with peers on children’s vocabulary. Interactions with parents mainly affected noun and adjective vocabulary, while the number of plays with peers affected verb vocabulary.
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