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EN
The article focuses on pottery vessels discovered during rescue excavation at Ujście, from layers of the former stronghold and city, dated to the period from the second half of the 10th century to the 16th century. The assemblage includes vessel fragments from early medieval period, partly formed as well as completely thrown on a potter’s wheel, and from the late medieval and early modern periods. This highly varied assemblage shows insight into pottery used by inhabitants of Ujście over several hundred years. The article, being only a preliminary analysis, also provides the impetus for the more detailed research on the pottery in the area located in the central River Noteć.
EN
The strongholds of Santok and Międzyrzecz belong to major centers of the northwestern Great Poland in the period of formation the first Polish state. They were occupied in the same time but developed in entirely different conditions. The Santok stronghold is located on the borderland between Great Poland and Pomerania, at the place where two rivers – Warta and Noteć converge. A placement of the site within a communication net, in the border zone, and in a close proximity to the Baltic, facilitated contacts with distant regions leading to the development of strongholds in the Early Middle Ages. The stronghold was erected as a trade outpost in the 8th century. Archaeological excavations of different stratigraphic levels produced a very rich collection of artifacts originating from remote areas of the Baltic zone as well as eastern and southern Europe. This made possible to recognize subsequent phases of the settlement development and reflect on the role Santok played in the past. Międzyrzecz is situated on the Obra river in a long occupied area in western part of Great Poland. The stronghold was built in the first half of the 10th century. The analysis of the ceramic materials indicates that trajectory of pottery production departs from the developments reported for central Great Poland, but shows similarities to the Lower Lusatian region. This is indicative of connections among Slavic tribes inhabiting this region in the 9th century. In the following 10th century, Międzyrzecz was incorporated into the first Piast State and it became one of its most important centers of administration. The ramparts were rebuilt and widened. In the 11th century, the abbey was built near Międzyrzecz to facilitate missionary work among the pagan Slavs. The development of Santok and Międzyrzecz in the Early Middle Ages was determined by their placing in the very center of the communication net. The Piast dynasty attributed a defensive character to this part of the country, aimed at protecting its core from a military invasion coming from the west. These circumstances led eventually to the emergence and subsequent dynamic development of these cities.
EN
This article presents a collection of early medieval trade accessories, folded scales and weights excavated by archaeologists on site no. 1 in Santok (Lubusz province). The collection of weights is formally and chronologically diverse. The oldest specimens come from structures dated back to the 4th quarter of the 9th century, the youngest to the 14th century. Metallographic analyses indicate that to produce the scales and weights, alloys of copper, different types of bronze and brass were used. The fact that exchange of goods in Santok took place earlier than in the other regions of Wielkopolska is evidence of close contacts with the then economic Baltic zone.
PL
The article presents the results of interpretation of a part of a brass bowl unearthed in 1958 in the course of millennial excavations in Santok. An engraved ornament is visible on one of the surfaces of the sheet, the most important part of which is an outline of a bust with a head in a hat shown in profile. Three Latin characters allow to identify the image as a personification of Envy (Invidia), while the sheet itself is a fragmented, so called brass bowl representing deadly sins. The vessel were forged in Rhineland and might have been originally used for liturgical ceremonies in St. Andrew’s church and its fragmented part was uncovered in the context of a smithy as a recycled material.
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