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EN
The purpose of the deliberations presented in this paper is ‘confrontation’ of the past and the future of agricultural law. A look to the future through making references to the past experiences allows us to wrap up the whole area of study and then adopt another perspective: agricultural law between tradition and modernity. By doing so we also determine a new direction of the development of agricultural law, moving from traditional to modern agricultural law, where the latter is a reflection of today’s need for the legal regulations to become adapted to the changing social and economic environment and goals. This takes the form of a still increasing although already huge number of legislative acts covering yet newer areas of legislation which is now expanding to the public law sphere as well. Modern agricultural law is a great challenge facing agricultural scholars today, who must not only recognise the need for further development of regulation, but also account for the changes taking place in agriculture itself and its social and economic environment. Research cannot be reduced to the development of new legal institutions only but ought to be accompanied with a wider theoretical reflection on the subject of the legislation as well as the new boundaries and the position of agricultural law in the legal system. Doing this will facilitate the process of the creation and enforcement of agricultural law.
IT
L’obiettivo delle considerazioni è di “mettere a confronto” il passato con il futuro del diritto agrario. Rivolgere uno sguardo al futuro facendo riferimento alle esperienze storiche permette, nel quadro conclusivo, di formulare affermazioni che portano a sviluppare il tema definito nel seguente modo: il diritto agrario tra tradizione e modernità. Tale impostazione del tema esprime la direzione dell’evoluzione che procede dal diritto agrario tradizionale a quello moderno. Quest’ultimo, in quanto espressione dell’adattamento delle regolazioni giuridiche a nuove condizioni socio-economiche ed a obiettivi prefissati, è caratterizzato da un enorme aumento del numero di atti giuridici, una significativa estensione dell’oggetto di applicazione (espansione) e un’attività pubblicazionale. Il diritto agrario moderno costituisce una sfida enorme per la scienza. Un agrarista, per far fronte alle novità, deve prendere in considerazione non solo lo sviluppo di regolazioni giuridiche, ma anche cambiamenti dell’agricoltura stessa e dell’ambiente socio-economico di essa. Le ricerche non possono essere limitate solo ad una elaborazione di vari istituti giuridici. Esse dovrebbero essere accompagnate da una riflessione teorica più ampia che riguardi l’oggetto, i nuovi confini e il posto del diritto agrario nel sistema giuridico. Tale riflessione faciliterà il processo di legiferare e applicare il diritto agrario.
EN
The purpose of the reflection is to outline certain topical problems and to provide a framework for discussion. The conclusion that can be subsequently drawn is that among other things, the world (global) challenges facing agriculture and food economy must always be taken into account. In meeting today’s challenges, one cannot ignore the process of globalisation, but reference to locality ought to be made at the same time. The teaching of agricultural law should not only be of local nature, but should also address issues relevant to EU law (regional aspect) or see it in a wider international perspective (global aspect). The research must not be limited to the domestic law of a given country, but must also take into account international agricultural law and EU agricultural law (if viewed from the Polish perspective) as well as the interdependencies and tensions between the phenomena of globalisation, regionalisation and the locality. The same is true of the traditional relationship between agriculture and production, and of new relationships, such as agriculture and the market, agriculture and food, agriculture and the environment, and agriculture and rural areas. Each of them is interesting from a cognitive point of view and, what is more, is important in the practice of lawmaking and its application. It is also obvious that the implementation of contemporary challenges of agricultural law requires undertaking and conducting a comparative research. In order to facilitate such research, international cooperation should be widely developed.
IT
L’articolo si propone di delineare problematiche da affrontare nonché di impostare un quadro per la discussione. Nella parte conclusiva, l’Autore afferma tra l’atro la necessità di prendere sempre in considerazione le sfide mondiali (globali) poste davanti all’agricoltura e all’economia alimentare. Non è possibile – nell’attuare le sfide contemporanee – non tenere conto del processo di globalizzazione, ma allo stesso tempo – non riferirsi all’aspetto locale. La scienza del diritto agrario non può, tuttavia, avere solo un carattere locale, ma dovrebbe sollevare questioni rilevanti per il diritto dell’UE (aspetto regionale) o in una prospettiva più ampia – internazionale (aspetto globale). La ricerca non dovrebbe limitarsi solo al diritto interno di uno Stato, ma deve includere anche i cosiddetti diritto internazionale dell’agricoltura e diritto agrario dell’Unione Europea (guardando dal punto di vista della Polonia). Deve anche tenere conto delle interdipendenze e delle tensioni tra i fenomeni di globale, regionale e locale discussi. In tale prospettiva va inquadrato anche il rapporto tradizionale tra agricoltura e produzione, ma anche i rapporti nuovi tra agricoltura-mercato, agricoltura-prodotti alimentari, agricoltura-ambiente o agricoltura-zone rurali. Ognuno di essi è interessante dal punto di vista cognitivo, importante inoltre per il processo di emanare e applicare leggi. È anche ovvio che l’attuazione delle sfide contemporanee poste al diritto agrario in un contesto di globale, regionale e locale richiede di intraprendere e di svolgere ricerche comparative. Per facilitare tale ricerca, bisogna portare a uno sviluppo ampio della cooperazione internazionale.
EN
Professor Andrzej Stelmachowski (1925-2009) is an outstanding person, deserving huge appreciation because of his activity in various fields; as a lawyer, a prominent specialist in civil law, commercial law, family law, who played a remarkable role in the development of agricultural law. He is the creator of a new school of Polish agricultural law, as he elaborated by his scientific achievements, a theoretical basis to distinguish (in the area of doctrine and didactics) agricultural law as a separate branch of law; he has proposed an original method of research – the study of law in the process of its application, and around these ideas he organized research teams – a large group of students at such universities as: Wroclaw, Warsaw and Bialystok (Professor has promoted 23 PhDs of law). Another merit of Professor Stelmachowski was to determine the object and scope of agricultural law, the fundamental structures of agricultural law (the concept of agricultural property), as well as the legal solutions for protection of individual farming. The recognition and respect for the position of Professor at the international level are demonstrated by His numerous professional contacts and honorary doctorates that he was awarded with. The Professor was the first Polish scholar in the CEDR (the European Committee for Agricultural Law), as well as the first President of the Polish Association of Lawyers specialized in Agricultural Law. The concept of teaching elaborated by Professor A. Stelmachowski was reflected in the subsequent editions of academic books in the field of agricultural law, issued under his scientific edit in the period 1970-2008. In all areas of his involvement, despite changes in the external environment, Professor A. Stelmachowski always presented a permanent system of values, among which we should mention: rightness, fidelity to convictions and responsibility, concern for the common good, solidarity with the weak and being guided by the social doctrine of the Church, all of which gave him an unquestionable moral authority as a Person of great strength of character.
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