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Mental practice of musically gifted adolescents

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EN
In the last decade, the growing interest in the subject of musicians’ mental practice has produced a significant increase in research on mental and instrumental practice. More than half of all the studies concerns professional musicians, and relatively little research is conducted on children or adolescents. The article will describe research on the mental practice of teenagers attending music schools in Poland and Germany. Questionnaire surveys answer the question of whether young people use mental practice, how they do it, and what the content of mental training while practicing an instrument is. The analysis suggests that gifted adolescents from both countries (1) do not use mental rehearsal very often and (2) use mental practice strategies in a similar way. What they differ in is the frequency of using mental practice as an integral part of their instrumental learning, using musical-analytical strategy, and the quality of mental practice. The study indicates the need to teach mental practice and its importance in increasing the effectiveness of instrumental practice.
EN
The article discusses the issue of employment, analysis of the labor market, statistical data and job opportunities for professional musicians in Poland. The challenges, problems, and requirements set for artists musicians in the modern labor market will be presented. We will also analyze the types of possible careers of modern musicians, necessary/required skills and qualifications to stay on the market and problems with education in art schools. The work will use the results of research and analysis of the latest reports on the employment (moving on the labor market) of graduates, as well as artists and creators both in Poland and abroad.
PL
W artykule omówiono kwestię zatrudnienia, dokonano analizy rynku pracy, przedstawiono dane statystyczne oraz możliwości znalezienia pracy dla profesjonalnych muzyków w Polsce. Wskazano także wyzwania, problemy oraz wymagania stawiane artystom muzykom na współczesnym rynku pracy. Analizie zostały poddane również typy możliwych karier współczesnych muzyków, potrzebne/wymagane umiejętności i kwalifikacje, aby się na rynku utrzymać, oraz problemy z edukacją w szkołach artystycznych. W pracy wykorzystano wyniki badań oraz analizy pochodzące z najnowszych raportów dotyczących zatrudnienia (poruszania się na rynku pracy) zarówno absolwentów, jak i artystów i twórców w Polsce i za granicą.
EN
Culture and its creators are the driving force of social development. The paper presents the history of financing the culture over the last three hundred years and looks at the cultural policy adopted in Poland. Traditional and modern forms of supporting cultural activities are also discussed therein, also the situation of artists on the labour market in Poland and the possibilities of future change. The fundamental questions asked by the authors are: what is the future of financing cultural activities in Poland?; how important is culture in contemporary society?; will systemic changes be introduced? The aim of the paper is to provide answers to these questions through analysis of sociological sources and reports on the current situation of artists in Poland, and to highlight the dynamics of financing culture and its creators.
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