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The Untranslatability of Dialects in Subtitling. An Analysis of Translation Techniques Used in the English Subtitles to The Peasants

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Dudek A.
Anglica Wratislaviensia
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2018
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issue 56
295 - 307
EN
The aim of this research is to estimate the degree of dialect untranslatability in audiovisual translation (AVT). Polish regiolects may constitute a significant barrier to interlingual transfer. The problems with non-standard varieties of a language, which are frequently incomprehensible even to native speakers of their standard counterparts, can be overcome by means of, inter alia, explanatory periphrastic substitution added to the translated text. In the method of subtitling examined in this research, however, a translation of this kind is nearly impossible due to the broadly defined aesthetics of film (e.g. time and space constraints frequently applied to the mode of AVT). Therefore, this article examines the hypothesis of dual constraint, which assumes a two-fold hindrance to a successful AV dialect transfer (i.e. the lack of equivalents in the target language and the aforementioned aesthetic requirements of film). The corpus of the material researched here is based on the English subtitles for the screen adaptation of Chłopi — a Nobel Prize-winning novel written by Władysław Stanisław Reymont (The Peasants; PolArt Video 2006). This article provides the theoretical background for the subsequent study as well as introduces its own classification of the translation techniques (applicable to this particular piece of research as well as to other AV dialect transfers). The research part focuses on the research proper. The findings are briefly summarised and conclusions are drawn.
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The development of tourism in protected areas and the exploitation of the natural environment by local communities in Africa and Asia

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Dudek A., Kwiatkowska J. M.
Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
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2004
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vol. 11
263-269
EN
From an economic point of view, protected areas do not bring in high profits, in comparison to other possible ways of land usage. National parks and nature reserves are costly in their creation, as well as in their subsequent upkeep and management. In developing countries, their operation can be the source of many political and economic problems. Usually, local communities neighboring protected areas perceive the existence of a protected zone negatively, although they are often able to avail themselves of park resources in various ways. Besides being given the opportunity to rationally make use of certain park resources, community members may be employed as park attendants, which is a practice that is widespread. A part of the profits obtained from the developing tourist industry may be allocated towards local development programs, e.g. the building of a new hospital or school. Some national parks, while lacking the adequate infrastructure necessary for tourism, grapple with a lack of funds. The lack of earning opportunities in connection with the development of tourism results in the local community's over-exploitation of park resources. This often manifests itself in an increased incidence of poaching in the protected area.
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Dialectically-marked proper nouns in audiovisual translation: An analysis of the English subtitles to "The Peasants"

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Dudek A.
Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching
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2019
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issue 16/4
195-225
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza technik tłumaczeniowych wykorzystywanych w filmowym tłumaczeniu nacechowanych dialektycznie nazw własnych. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że przekład dialektów stanowi jedno z największych wyzwań w przekładzie międzyjęzykowym. Niestety, techniki wykorzystywane przy tego typu tłumaczeniu często kolidują z zasadami przekładu audiowizualnego, które mówią o redukcji tekstu wyjściowego do niezbędnego minimum. Za materiał badawczy posłużyły angielskie podpisy do filmu The Peasants (Chłopi, reż. Jan Rybkowski, Telewizja Polska S.A. 1973; przekład na język angielski autorstwa Agaty Deki, PolArt Video 2006). W artykule przedstawione zostaną główne założenia teoretyczne oraz techniki tłumaczeniowe, które mogą zostać wykorzystane w przekładzie dialektów, nazw własnych i w przekładzie audiowizualnym. Część analityczna stanowi próbę weryfikacji hipotezy mówiącej o tym, że te metody przekładu, które wymagają zastosowania bardziej złożonych procedur niż, na przykład, opuszczenie (takie jak np. zastąpienie dialektu języka wyjściowego dialektem języka docelowego) nie znajdują zastosowania w przypadku przekładu audiowizualnego. W podsumowaniu przedstawiono główne tendencje tłumaczeniowe oraz weryfikację wyżej wymienionej hipotezy.
EN
The aim of this article is to analyze translation techniques used in the film translation of dialectically-marked proper names. Undoubtedly, the issue of rendering dialectical varieties constitutes one of the greatest challenges in interlingual translation. The applicable translation techniques, however, are frequently in conflict with the rules of reducing audiovisual target text to an indispensable minimum. The research material consists of the English subtitles to The Peasants (Chłopi, dir. Jan Rybkowski, Telewizja Polska S.A. 1973; English translation by Agata Deka, PolArt Video 2006). This article outlines the main theoretical approaches and translation techniques which can be used in the cases of dialects, proper names, and audiovisual translation. The research part aims at verifying the hypothesis’s claim that these translation methods which require implementation of more complex procedures than, for instance, omission (e.g. replacing the source language dialect with a target text variation) are not applicable in the case of audiovisual translation. The conclusion consists of the outline of the main translation tendencies as well as the verification of the aforementioned hypothesis.
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