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Dochody z podatku od towarów i usług oraz luka w VAT – znaczenie dla polskiego systemu fiskalnego

100%
Bitner M.
Doradztwo Podatkowe Biuletyn Instytutu Studiów Podatkowych
|
2023
|
vol. 9(325)
40-50
EN
The first part of the study is devoted to actual revenues from the VAT in Poland. The overall figures for each year of the 1994-2021 period are compared with GDP and consumption, and then the results for Poland are presented against the results for selected EU countries. Then, on the basis of data from the budgetary reports, the most important phenomena in terms of VAT receipts and reimbursements in 2015-2022 are presented. The second part of the article discusses the methods of estimating the VAT gap, with particular emphasis on the so-called top-down methods used in the European Commission study. The primary research objective of this part of the paper is to answer the question of whether the imperfections of methods using information generated by the system of national accounts disqualify their use for the purposes of estimating and comparing the VAT gap across countries, or whether there is a general consensus on their usefulness, justifying the use of their results for the purposes of evaluating individual tax policy measures.
PL
Pierwsza część opracowania poświęcona jest rzeczywistym dochodom z podatku od towarów i usług. Ogólne wielkości w poszczególnych latach okresu 1994-2022 zestawiono z produktem krajowym brutto (PKB) i spożyciem, następnie zaś zaprezentowano wyniki dla Polski na tle wyników dla wybranych krajów Unii Europejskiej (UE). Następnie na podstawie danych ze sprawozdań Rb-27 przedstawiono najważniejsze zjawiska w zakresie wpływów i zwrotów z tytułu podatku od wartości dodanej w latach 2015-2022. W drugiej części artykułu omówiono sposoby szacowania luki w VAT1, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem tzw. metod odgórnych, stosowanych w badaniu Komisji Europejskiej (KE). Zasadniczym celem badawczym tej części opracowania jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy niedoskonałości metod wykorzystujących informacje generowane przez system rachunków narodowych dyskwalifikują ich zastosowanie do celów szacowania i porównywania luki w VAT w poszczególnych krajach, czy też istnieje powszechny consensus co do ich użyteczności, uzasadniający wykorzystanie ich rezultatów na potrzeby oceny poszczególnych działań z zakresu polityki podatkowej.
2
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Gospodarka finansowa podsektora samorządowego w krajach UE w okresie 2007-2011

63%
Bitner M., Cichocki K. S.
Nauki o Finansach
|
2014
|
issue 2(19)
11-32
EN
Economic crisis of 2007-2011 has resulted in the decrease in GDP in USA, Japan and all EU member countries except Poland. It has also deteriorated the general government finance, caused sharp decline of revenue and increase in operating expenditures, ratios of debt to GDP and net borrowing to GDP. We investigate, in the EU member states, an impact of the GDP decline on local government finance: local revenue (taxes on income, wealth, and production, current transfers), operating expenditures, investment, operating surplus, net borrowing and indebtedness. We present comparisons of select countries, of the EU15 and the “new member states” over 2007-2011. The analysis bases on the Eurostat data and the Source OECD database.
3
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The rising cost of servicing public debt: challenges for fiscal policy in a crisis environment

51%
Bitner M., Nowak-Far A., Sierak J.
Journal of Management and Financial Sciences
|
2023
|
issue 50
211-238
EN
The study is devoted to the challenges for the fiscal policies of Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, resulting from the strong growth of public debt and its servicing costs under the conditions of the pandemic and war shocks. The purpose of the study is to answer the questions: i) what factors caused the sharp increase in sovereign debt yields? ii) is there a correlation between the degree of implementation of sound economic governance (SEG) principles and the cost of servicing sovereign debt? ii) how strong was the response of the sovereign deficit and debt to the shocks caused by the pandemic and war in Ukraine? iii) does the rising cost of servicing debt threaten the sustainability of public finances? v) do the adopted SEG principles remain relevant during periods of shocks? The study covered the 6 largest economies in this part of Europe, i.e. Poland, Romania, the Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, and Slovakia, but its results apply indirectly to many other countries. The results were confronted with a plan for reforming the EU’s economic governance system in order to identify the fundamental challenges facing the countries studied in this context. On the basis of the study, recommendations were put forward for shaping the assumptions of the state debt management strategy and multi-year financial plans.
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