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EN
The paper aims to trace development of socio-political thought of “Solidarność” in years 1980-1989 in the light of a model of doctrinal evolution. In the second chapter theoretical assumptions regarding the nature of real socialism, structure of “Solidarność” movement and doctrinal development are presented. In the third chap¬ter the intellectual development of “Solidarność” thought is outline. It is supposed that in years 1980-1989 “Solidarność” was revolutionary (1980-1981) conspirational (1981-1986) and reformist social movement (1986-1989) what influenced its doctrinal development and diversification (emerging of radical and compromise wings). In the fourth chapter, the sociopolitical and socio-economic factors and conditions are identified which influenced the doctrinal development of “Solidarność” after 1989 – namely acceptance of neo-liberal model of transformation and resignation from workers’ self-governance.
EN
The paper is a critical commentary of The Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework authored by Aviezer Tucker. This book presents the evolution of totalitarian communism, its transformation and analysis of problems surfacing in East-Central European societies. Although the reviewed book is a very rare attempt at a synthetic view on the genesis and transformation of communism, its author accepts a very narrow understanding of class and class interest which leads to an idealistic interpretation of Stalinist purges and the institutionalistic understanding of transformation which does not allow to place economical dimensions of post-communist transformation in a wider social perspective.
PL
Artykuł jest krytycznym komentarzem do książki Aviezera Tuckera The Legacies of Totalitarianism: A Theoretical Framework, która przedstawia koncepcję ewolucji totalitarnego komunizmu i jego transformacji oraz wynikającą stąd analizę problemów posttotalitarnych społeczeństw Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej. Zdaniem autora tekstu, choć omawiana książka jest nader rzadką próbą syntetycznego wyjaśnienia zarówno genezy systemu realnego socjalizmu, jak i jego transformacji, to Tucker przyjmuje zbyt wąskie pojmowanie klasy i interesu klasowego, co prowadzi do idealistycznej interpretacji czystek stalinowskich i wyłącznie instytucjonalistycznego pojmowania transformacji. Takie spojrzenie na transformację ustrojową nie pozwala osadzić jej ekonomicznych wymiarów w szerszej społecznej perspektywie.
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