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Analysis of fungal pathogens in the environment of Branicki Palace in Białystok, Poland

100%
Łukaszuk C., Zaremba K.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2015
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vol. 5
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issue 2
112-121
EN
Introduction:People spend about 90% of their time indoors. Most health problems associated with indoor air quality are caused by fungi. It is estimated fungi account for 70% of total indoor air microbial pollution.Purpose: To analyze fungal pathogens isolated from indoor air of Branicki Palace in Białystok, PolandMaterials and methods:The research mycological material consisted of air collected from various rooms in Branicki Palace. Humidity and temperature of the tested rooms were also measured. The monitoring of airborne fungi pollution was done using a SAS SUPER 100 (pbi international) with international measure standards (EN 50081-1, EN 500 50082-1). Biological monitoring of wall surface contamination was performed using the Count-Tact applicator with Count-Tact plates.Results:A total of 1140 CFU per m3 of air were cultured in autumn and 580 CFU in winter. From the walls, a total of 124 CFU were cultured in autumn and 397 CFU in winter. CFU values in the investigated rooms ranged from 10 to 220 (mean 47 CFU) in autumn, and from 10 to 90 (mean 29 CFU) in winter. The most commonly isolated pathogens were: Candida albicans, Aspergillus sp.,non-Candida albicans, andPenicillium sp.. The number of colonies isolated from the walls of all rooms in winter was greater than in autumn. The most commonly isolated pathogens were: Aspergillus sp. andC. albicans in autumn; C. albicans and non-C. albicans in winter.Conclusions:In winter, the number of colonies isolated from walls in all rooms was significantly greater compared with autumn. Candida albicans, Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp. were the most commonly isolated fungal air pathogens, regardless of season. C. albicans and Aspergillus sp. were most commonly isolated from walls in autumn, while C. albicans and non-C.albicans in winter.
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Internet addiction among academic youth in Białystok

81%
Lićwinko J., Krajewska-Kułak E., Łukaszuk C.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 1
124-130
EN
Objective: The objective of this study was the assessment of Internet addiction among academic youth in Białystok. Material and methods: The study was conducted among 100 students of the Medical University of Białystok, 100 students of Białystok Univeristy, and 100 students of Białystok Technical University. The mean age of the whole sample was 21.7 ± 2.3, range 18-30 years. The following instruments were administered to the participants: the Kimberly Young test, – test of the intensity of the abstinence syndrome, and a test of “on-line” addiction. Results: A total of 325 (92.06%) women and 27 (7.94%) men participated in the study. Most of the students had own computers and e-mail. They spend time using a computer a few hours a day, and from 11 to 21 hours per week. Students used the Internet, mostly to send e-mails, search for information needed in science and IRC. Nearly 10% of students had the Internet addiction, abstinence and "on-line" syndrome. Students living in the city showed more problems with the abuse of the Internet than students from the village. Conclusions: In the present study, we found that about 10% of the students of the Medical University, Białystok University and Białystok Technical University had symptoms of the Internet addiction, abstinence and “on-line” syndrome.
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In vitro antifungal activity of new thiatriazole derivative agents

81%
Łukaszuk C., Krajewska-Kułak E., Kułak W., Niewiadomy A.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 1
43-50
EN
Purpose: The assessment of the antifungal activity of 59 new synthesized compounds. We compared the antifungal activity of N,N-phenyl-1,2,3,4-thiatriazole-5-yl-2,4-b-resorcyl-carbothioamide (PTR), of n-3-(1,2,4-dithiazole-5-thione)--reso-rcylcarbothioamide (DTRTA), of N,N-phenyl-1,2,3,4-thiatriazol-5-yl-2,4-b-resorcyl-carbothio-amide (PHARA) against Candida albicans strains in vitro. Material and methods: We evaluated 59 samples of the compounds synthesized at the Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture in Lublin. In the first phase, we tested the selected three samples with the lowest value of MIC - PTR, DTRTA, and PHARA. A reference strain of C. albicans ATCC 10231 and 200 strains of C. albicans isolated from the patients was used. Results: The MIC values of the tested samples fluctuated between 19.6 - 200 mg/L. The tested compounds showed moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans with MIC values of 19.6 mg/L for PTR, 22.0 mg/L for DTRTA, and 19.6 mg/L for PHARA. We found significant (p<0.001) differences between mean MIC values for PTR, DTRTA, PHARA on RPMI medium compared with MIC values on Sabouraud’s and YNB medium. Similar results we found for the reference strains C. albicans ATCC 10231. The reference strain C. albicans ATCC 10231 had enzymatic activity of 14 from 19 hydrolases in the (APIZYM), after exposure PTR number of the active enzymes was 6, after exposure DTRTA – 9, after exposure PHARA – 6, respectively. Isolates of C. albicans from the patients had enzymatic activity of 16 from 19 hydrolases, after exposure PTR number of active enzymes was 11, after exposure DTRTA – 15, and after exposure PHARA - 11. Conclusion: The synthesized compounds PTR, DTRA and PHARA exert a moderate antifungal activity against the C. albicans strains in vitro.
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Indoor air studies of fungi contamination in two kindergartens in Kavala, Greece

81%
Łukaszuk C., Krajewska-Kułak E., Chatzopulu A., Theodosopoulou E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2016
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vol. 6(1)
123-129
EN
Introduction: Fungi and moulds are biological hazards that are ubiquitous both in the communal and occupational environments. The aim of the study was to assess the presence of airborne fungi in two kindergartens in Kavala, Greece. Materials and methods: Materials for the tests were: the air samples (in front of the buildings and the selected rooms) of the two kindergartens. The first Kavala kindergarten was located atop a hill and the second in the city center. The air pollution was determined using SAS SUPER 100. Results: The mean number of fungal colonies isolated from air of the kindergarten rooms in the city center was 478.3±148.4 CFU/m3. The mean number of fungal colonies isolated from air of the kindergarten on the hill was 343.6±188.8 CFU/m3. Aspergillus niger was most frequently isolated in air samples from the kindergarten rooms in the city center, while Penicillium species predominated the kindergarten rooms on the hill. CFU values in the air samples outside the kindergartens were higher in the center than on the hill of Kavala. CFU values of the examined air samples are varied. In the kindergarten rooms in the center of Kavala the most frequently isolated species was Aspergillus niger, and in the kindergarten on the hill it was Penicillium species. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated considerable numbers of fungi in the air in two kindergartens in Kavala, Greece.
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Drug susceptibility and enzymatic activity of Candida isolated from mobile phone and hand surfaces

71%
Kordecka A., Krajewska-Kułak E., Łukaszuk C., Kraszyński M., Kraszyńska B.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2017
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vol. 7(2)
7-18
EN
Introduction: Evaluation of susceptibility of isolated fungi as well as the type and activity of enzymes they release allows to determine their pathogenicity. Purpose; To assess potential correlations between drug susceptibility and enzymatic activity of strains isolated from mobile phone and hand surfaces Materials and methods: The mycological evaluation included 175 mobile phones and 175 hands of the phone owners. Drug susceptibility was assessed using the FUNGITEST; enzymatic activity was evaluated using the API ZYM test. Results: We found significant correlations between an increased resistance to 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, fluconazole and higher activity of six selected enzymes for Candida glabrata strains isolated from hand surfaces. We found also significant correlations between an increased resistance to 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, miconazole, itraconazole and higher activity of six selected enzymes for Candida albicans strains isolated from hand surfaces. We found significant correlations between an increased resistance to 5fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole and higher activity of six selected enzymes for Candida krusei strains isolated from hand surfaces as well as an increased resistance to 5-fluorocytosine, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole and higher activity of five selected enzymes for strains isolated from phone surfaces. Conclusions: We found varying correlations between enzymatic activity and drug resistance depending on the site of isolation and the species/genus of fungi. The drugs to which the evaluated strains showed resistance were the same for hand and mobile phone isolates.
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Drug susceptibility of Candida isolated from the surfaces of mobile phones and hands

71%
Kordecka A., Krajewska-Kułak E., Łukaszuk C., Kraszyński M., Kraszyńska B.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2017
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vol. 7(1)
114-121
EN
Introduction: The mycological literature currently devotes much attention to the issue of reduced fungal susceptibility to commonly used antifungal drugs. Purpose: To assess drug susceptibility of Candida strains isolated from samples collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and the hands of their owners. A total of 175 mobile telephones belonging to students and lecturers of the Medical University of Bialystok and University Hospital personnel as well as 175 hands of these phone owners were included in the mycological evaluation. Results: The rate of Candida contamination of personal mobile phones was more than 70.0%. C. glabrata strains were primarily isolated from the collected material (89.1% - hands; 74.9% - mobile phones). C. albicans strains showed susceptibility to most antimycotics, with the highest susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine, and the lowest to fluconazole. C. glabrata showed the lowest susceptibility to fluconazole and miconazole, and the highest to ketoconazole. C. krusei were relatively very sensitive to antibiotics, except for fluconazole. None of the isolated strains showed resistance to more than three types of drugs. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that mobile phones are potentially vehicles for pathogenic Candida strains in a university and hospital settings.
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Mobile phone owners' health behaviors

71%
Kordecka A., Łukaszuk C., Kraszyński M., Kraszyńska B., Krajewska-Kułak E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2016
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vol. 6(1)
130-140
EN
Introduction: The consistently growing number of mobile phone users has contributed to increasing interest in the effects of mobile phones on human health. Purpose: To assess the preferred health behaviors of mobile phone users. Materials and methods: The study included 175 mobile phone users and used standardized tools, such as the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) scale and the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI). Results: Most respondents had an impact on their own health (avg. 26.9 points). Respondents showed the highest level of health behaviors in relation to attitude, whereas the lowest level towards health practices. We distinguished three groups in the study population: with high (14.9%), low (47.4%), and average (37.7%) levels of health behaviors. We cannot unequivocally state that there is a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of certain fungal genera/species on mobile phone and hand surfaces and the health locus of control. Conclusions: The respondents themselves mainly had an impact on their own health, and those in favor of this opinion attached greater importance to washing their hands. Respondents showed the highest level of health behaviors in relation to mental attitude, whereas the lowest level towards preferred health practices. Almost half of the respondents showed low levels of health behaviors, whereas almost every seventh respondent had high levels of health behaviors. No significant relationship was shown between the preferred health behaviors and the frequency of washing hands, the number of colonies and the isolation frequency of fungal strains collected from the surfaces of mobile phones and the hands of their owners.
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Health protection in tropics. A safe journey to Ghana

61%
Van Damme-Ostapowicz K., Krajewska-Kułak E., Olszański R., Nahorski W., Łukaszuk C., Lewko J., Sierakowska M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 1
147-152
EN
A significant increase in the number of Polish citizens travelling abroad, including tropical areas, has been noted in recent years. However, tourists are often not interested in prophylaxis before their journey, they are not vaccinated properly or ask for advice at the clinic of tropical medicine. Therefore, concerns about the health of travellers from temperate climatic zone heading for countries where the sanitary level is low, are justified. The study presents the principles of good preparation for a journey, considering a trip to Ghana, West-Africa.
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The Health Related Quality of Life aspects in chronic rheumatic diseases

61%
Sierakowska M., Sierakowski S., Lewko J., Van Damme - Ostapowicz K., Łukaszuk C., Baranowska A., Krajewska-Kułak E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 1
73-80
EN
Purpose: The aim of the study is comparative analyze the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL); effect of social-demographic factors on quality of life also taking into account four domains and effect of the duration of disease on quality of life. Material and Methods: The evaluation of the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)(n=64), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (n=60) and systemic sclerosis (SSc) (n=63) was conducted with the use of a standardized research tool - WHOQOL Bref. Results: The conducted general analysis of particular life quality domains showed that for RA patients the weakest domain was the one related the environment (11.3) and physical health (11.6), with the strongest social domain (14.7). The respondents with AS had the lowest score for physical health (12.2), also with the strongest social domain (14.2). The results obtained from SSc patients are slightly better than for RA and AS patients as regards physical health (12.6) and the environment (13.9). Conclusions: It seems that, taking into account the patient’s own opinion about the treatment and its consequences by means of QOL evaluation, makes the patient a partner in the process of treatment and nursing, which leads to a greater humanization of medicine.
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Evaluation of the students’ knowledge about sunbed and solar radiation

52%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Kułak W., Van Damme-Ostapowicz K., Łukaszuk C., Lewko J., Lankau A., Kowalewska B., Kowalczuk K., Rozwadowska E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 1
28-32
EN
Introduction: In Poland, the incidence of malignant melanoma increases each year. Purpose: To assess the students’ knowledge about sunbed use and side effect of solar radiation. Materials and methods: The study was carried out among 577 students of the Medical University of Białystok based on a ‘sunbed survey’. Results: Of the 577 students, 390 (67.6%) had used a sunbed. Tanning 273 (70%) and preparation for sunny holidays 201 (51.6%) were the main reasons for sunbed use. Almost 61% of respondents were against the sunbed use by children or youths. SPF abbreviation was known by 64.4% of students. Most respondents 73.9% used the UVR-protection cosmetics in summer usually (66.9%). They avoided sun tanning between Noon - 15 o’clock (43.1%). Tanorexia as “an addiction to tanning” was defined by 27.4% of the respondents. The main sources of knowledge on sunbeds and side-effects of solar radiation were: magazines (34.6%) the Internet (29.5%) and TV (28.1%). Conclusions: The students’ knowledge about sunbed use and side-effect of solar radiation was varied. The majority of respondents knew that tanning to be a health risk, and they were against sunbeds could be used by children and youths. Most the surveyed did not know tanorexia term
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The perception of violence in children’s drawings

52%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Kułak W., Stelcer B., Jasiński M., Kowalczuk K., Łukaszuk C., Guzowski A., Cybulski M., Lewko J., K., Van Damme-Ostapowicz
Progress in Health Sciences
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2016
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vol. 6(1)
78-85
EN
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the perception of violence held by children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years based on their artworks. 163 children’s drawings submitted from across Poland on "Children against violence." were analyzed. These pictures were analysed according to their contents. The artworks were made using various techniques: torn paper collage, collage, wax scratch, coloring pages, painting using poster paints and watercolors. Drawings have been classified in twelve thematic groups: "aggression against things", "peer violence","violence and addiction", "family violence", "workplace violence", "on-line violence," verbal violence", the continuity of violence", difficult choices" ,and " help ". Children and adolescents are good observers and they see various forms of violence, especially signs of bullying, and the impact of addictions on their development. Children know how to avoid and reduce violence.
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Indoor air studies of fungi contamination at the Tabacco factory in Kavala, Greece

52%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Łukaszuk C., Chadzopulu A., Bousmoukilia S., Terovitou C., Theodosopoulou E., Amanatidou A., Danilidis D.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 1
21-26
EN
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the presence of airborne fungi at the tabacco Factory in Kavala, Greece. Material and methods: Materials for the tests were: the air samples (in front of the building and the selected rooms) of the Museum tabacco factory-old, Museum tabacco factory-new, and old tabacco factory. The air pollution was determined using SAS SUPER 100 (Pbi International). The microbial flora from walls was assessed using the Count-Tact applicator and the plate Count-Tact (BioMerieux). Humidity and temperature were evaluated by a termohygrometr. Results: The following fungal pathogens isolated from air were Aspergillus, Candida albicans, Candida spp., and Penicillium species. The dominated fungal pathogens isolated from the air samples were Aspergillus and Candida albicans. We found a comparable number of fungi colonies in these three museums. No significant correlation between CFU of fungi in air and temperature in the tested museums was noted. Similarly, no relationship between CFU of fungi in air and humidity was found. Conclusions: The main fungal pathogens isolated from the air samples were Aspergillus and Candida albicans in the tabacco factory in Kavala.
13

Perception of disabled persons held by children and adolescents based on their artwork

52%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Kułak W., Humienik-Dworakowska U., Łukaszuk C., Lewko J., Van Damme-Ostapowicz K., Lankau A., Rozwadowska E., Guzowski A., Cybulski M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 2
116-124
EN
Purpose: To evaluate perceptions of disabled persons held by children and adolescents aged 4 to 15 years based on their artwork. Materials and methods: 192 children's drawings were analyzed. These were submitted from all of Poland, from hospital recreation centers, schools, art studios, sick children, children with special needs, and healthy children in the "My disabled friend” contest. Results: Most artworks were from children aged from 8 to 10 years old (40.6%), 4 to 7 (33.9%) and 11 to 14 (17.2%). The remaining artwork was completed by adolescents from 15 to 20 years old - 16 (8.3%) persons (including the oldest with intellectual disabilities). The artworks were divided into four age groups: 4-7, 8-10, 11-14, and over 15. Various techniques were used: torn paper collage, collage, wax scratch, coloring pages, painting using poster paints and watercolors. Conclusions: The children's drawings show their positive attitude towards people with disabilities. Children are aware of the need to help and support people with disabilities. In the imagination of children, a disabled person can fully participate in society
14

Perceptions of nurses as health educators held by children and adolescents based on their artwork

52%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Van Damme-Ostapowicz K., Kułak W., Humienik-Dworakowska U., Lewko J., Łukaszuk C., Lankau A., Rozwadowska E., Cybulski M., Guzowski A.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2012
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vol. 2
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issue 1
122-128
EN
Purpose: To evaluate perceptions of nurses as health educators held by children and adolescents aged 4 to 17 years based on their artwork. Materials and methods: 514 children's drawings were analyzed. Titled "With a Nurse for Health," drawings were submitted from all over Poland, coming from hospital recreation centers, schools, art studios, sick children, children with special needs, and healthy children. Results: Children created images of nurses engaged in a detailed range of professional duties, including delivering care to children and attending to children’s personal hygiene. The drawings portrayed the nurses delivering first aid care for cases of injury, bleeding, and fractures, as well as applying or changing dressings. Nurses were depicted in hospital rooms, nurse’s offices, and emergency rooms. Conclusion: We believe that the analysis of children's artworks can help in the planning of health programs aimed at children
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Differing attitudes for various population groups towards homeless people

52%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Wejda U., Kułak-Bejda A., Łukaszuk C., Repka B., Guzowski A., Cybulski M., Stelcer B., Jasiński M.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2016
|
vol. 6(1)
57-62
EN
Introduction: People who are homeless are most often unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, secure, and adequate housing, or they lack a “fixed, regular, and adequate night-time residence”. Purpose: To assess the attitude of secondaryschool students, high-school students, university students, and working adults towards homeless people. Materials and methods: A survey of 420 randomly selected middle school students (n=120), high school students (n=100), university students (n=100), and working adults (n=100) was conducted. Nearly half of the participants reported a fear of homeless people. Results: According to the majority of respondents, a homeless person collects scrap metal and waste paper, and also begs. The first words that come to mind when a majority of people think of the homeless were: poor, unhappy, dirty, lonely, and smelly. The participants reported the main reasons for homelessness to be: joblessness, family problems, alcohol, helplessness, and avoiding work. The majority of respondents argued that social and legal problems are the main reasons that it is difficult for homeless people to extricate themselves from their situation. The groups surveyed had a variety of opinions about homelessness. According to most respondents, a homeless person is a poor, miserable, lonely, childless man with a vocational education who begs, collects scrap metal and waste paper, and is also usually dirty and smelly. Conclusions: In the survey groups, respondents’ opinions about homelessness varied.
16

Healthy behaviors in Polish children and adolescents based on their artwork

42%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Kułak W., Lewko J., Jankowiak B., Van Damme-Ostapowicz K., Łukaszuk C., Rolka H., Kowalczuk K., Klimaszewska K., Sierakowska M., Baranowska A.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 2
113-120
EN
Introduction: Health behaviors are generally regarded as behaviors, which are related to the health status of the individual. Purpose: To evaluate children knowledge and healthy behaviors based on the drawings. Material and methods: 605 children’s drawings were analyzed. The artworks were made using various techniques: torn paper collage, collage, wax scratch, coloring pages, painting using poster paints and watercolors. Results: Most artworks presented sports. The remaining artworks focused eating fresh fruits and vegetables, drinking of milk, spending a lot of time in the fresh air, hand washing, fruit washing, brushing teeth, and street safety. The children's drawings show their positive attitude towards healthy behaviors, including good eating habits; physical activity and personal hygiene. Conclusion: The artworks suggest that children know healthy behaviors.
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Analysis of fungal air pollution using different samplers

42%
Łukaszuk C., Krajewska-Kułak E., Kraszyńska B., Gniadek A., Chadzopulu A., Theodosopoulou E., Bousmoukilia S., Terovitou C., Amanatidou A., Danilidis D., Adraniotis J.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 1
34-42
EN
Purpose: The aim of this study was the analysis of fungal air pollution in different rooms using different the air samplers. Material and methods: Air for mycological studies was collected from various hospital rooms. To monitor fungal air pollution were used samplers: SAS SUPER 100 (pbi-international), MAS 100 (Merck) and AIR IDEAL (BioMerieux). Results: We found differences in CFU/L values in depending on hospital room and the air sampler type. The CFU/L values of air samples taken by the AIR IDEAL ranged from 350 to 850 and (724.2 ± 159.9), and the CFU/L values of air samples taken by the sampler SAS SUPER 100 ranged from 160 to 800 (455.3 ± 250.73). The CFU/L values of air samples taken by the MAS 100 sampler varied from 50 to 1340 (302.5±56.6) From the air samples of both samplers was incubated 6 genera/species of fungi. Candia albicans fungi species and genus Penicillium species were most frequently isolated from SAS Super 100 sampler, and Penicillium species from the AIR IDEAL sampler. From the air samples of MAS 100 was isolated 11 types/species of fungi and in air samples of SAS Super 100 was isolated 7 types/species. Conclusions: Significant differences of CFU/L values in the tested rooms were found in depending on the used sampler. Mycological analysis of the obtained cultures from air samples suggests that there is not same isolation of fungi using the different samplers.
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Validation of the Polish version of the Anderson and Dedrick Trust in Physician scale

37%
Krajewska-Kułak E., Kułak W., Łukaszuk C., Lewko J., Sengupta P., Cybulski M., Guzowski A., Kowalczuk K., Jankowiak B., Kowalewska B., Kondzior D., Rolka H., Baranowska A., Lankau A., Klimaszewska K., Sierakowska M., Krajewska-Ferishah K., Szyszko-Perłowska A.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2018
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vol. 8(1)
27-35
EN
Purpose: The aim of this study was to validate the Trust in Physician Scale (TPS) for Polish patients. Materials and Methods: The validation of a Polish-language version of Anderson and Dedrick’s TPS was performed with a group of 849 patients. Validation consisted of the translation and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Polish TPS and its application among Polish-speaking patients. We also explored the TPS with the patient’s sex, age, education, income, marital status, and number of physician visits. Results: The internal consistency of the Polish TPS was high (Cronbach’s alpha = .891). In our study, the TPS is positively associated with age, education, income, marital status, and number of physician visits. Also, we have found that the TPS is negatively associated with sex and place of residence. Conclusions: The Polish-language scale fulfills all the criteria of psychometric and functional validation with the original version of the Trust in Physician Scale.
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