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EN
The aim of the paper is to compare the sets of hyponyms of place in Polish and American wordnets. Polish “Słowosieć” and American WordNet are thesauri which define the meaning of an individual lexeme by the lexical-semantic relations existing between this and other lexemes. The researched material consists of several thousand of synsets (sets of lexemes referring to a common concept) which have been linked by interlingual, lexical-semantic relations to the synsets of English lexemes in a process of mapping of a fragment of the Polish wordnet to the American database. An analysis of particular cases illustrates the basic issues concerning the procedure of mapping, first of all the problem of choosing a foreign synonym for the original word. It also shows the incompatibility of the corresponding fragments of the Polish and English lexical systems, which is usually not reflected in dictionaries and other glottodidactical publications. Differences between the structures of semantic trees of the two languages result partly from different assumptions made by the authors of both wordnets, and partly from language-specific factors, such as different word-formation systems or different ways in which some objects from the real world are conceptualized.
EN
The article presents a linguistic analysis of Wis³awa Szymborska selected poems in terms of the cognitive theory of metaphor. It is based on the works Lakoff and Turner (1989) who proved that literary metaphors, while original and inventive, are based on the same mental processes as everyday life expressions as conceptual metaphors are the basic schemata that organise our thinking and determine the majority of language phenomena. In Szymborska poems the metaphor EVENTS ARE ACTIONS functions as a personifying mechanism (i.e. images of death and the reaper) and justifies the importance of the tripartite cycle domain in the understanding of life and death target domains. The results of the research show that the uniqueness and potency of this Polish poet lies in creative utilisation and subtle elaboration on generic-level metaphors, that can be hard to decipher for the reader. Thank to this she introduces a different perspective of human beliefs about life and death and explains them in a seemingly simple language. The study proves that the theory of conceptual metaphor provides us with the tools appropriate for the exploration of subtle and ambiguous matter of poetic language.
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