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EN
The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 58–59 (2010–2011), issue 3 Protagoras is an exceptional dialogue of Plato as it uses two modes of expression: mythos and logos. Both are used by Protagoras in Great Speech, but the first one seems to be the most important. Protagoras chose the mythical mode of expression when he described to Socrates how he makes his pupils good citizens and politicians. The famous sophist told the story about two brothers: Prometheus and Epimetheus. It is easy to notice that Protagoras identifies with the clever Prometheus. However, the attentive reader can notice that Prometheus from Protagoras’ myth made a decision with fatal consequences. He entrusts his brother Epimetheus with a too responsible task. If Prometheus had been clever he should have predicted the dramatic consequences of his decision (see the etymology of his name). It might have been a conscious and intentional effort of Plato who wanted to ridicule Protagoras, the main opponent of Socrates. The resulting effect is so strong because Protagoras, who identifies with Prometheus, told the myth by himself in which Prometheus is in fact the less clever of the two brothers.
EN
Contemporary methodology is crucially important for conducting any research which can be called scientific. This pertains also to the area of literary studies and linguistics in a broad sense. Palaeography, which is no longer just one of the many auxiliary sciences of history, has a major role to fulfil in this respect. The most important issue is that owing to the new approach in the palaeographic and codicological studies it is possible to verify information about dating of a text, as well as the place and background of its creation and its further fate. In this way, several mistakes in the analysed texts have already been corrected. The aim of the presented paper is to indicate, on the basis of the selected examples, a need to undertake studies on Greek palaeography in connection with codicology and diplomatics and to encourage reflection on the links between Greek palaeography and, e.g., history and transmission of the text. Examples of works, analysed with contemporary tools and methods of palaeography (here specifically Greek), present the perspectives in research on texts and point to the need for new reflection on known texts which can be revised today in previously unavailable manuscripts owing to the contemporary multispectral methods, which can cast a new light both on theories of ancient philosophers and on other antique texts.
PL
Współczesna metodologia jest niezwykle ważna dla prowadzenia wszelkich badań, które noszą miano naukowych. Paleografia, która nie jest już jedynie jedną z wielu nauk pomocniczych historii, ma w tym zakresie ogromną rolę do spełnienia. Najistotniejsze w niej jest to, że nowe, całościowe spojrzenie na materiał rękopiśmienny pozwala zweryfikować jego datację, miejsce i środowisko, w którym powstał. W artykule zaprezentowano przykładowe wyniki prac prowadzonych nad rękopisami greckimi w zbiorach krakowskich (w Bibliotece Jagiellońskiej UJ oraz Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich), które odnoszą się do tak istotnych kwestii, jak: identyfikacja skryby, określenie datacji oraz lokalizacji powstania danego manuskryptu (jak również konkretnych tekstów w nich zawartych). Uzyskane informacje wskazują na perspektywy prowadzenia badań nad grecką tradycją rękopiśmienną, a jednocześnie stanowią impuls do nowej refleksji naukowej w obszarze paleografii, kodykologii, a także literaturoznawstwa, również dzięki zastosowaniu współczesnych metod multispektralnych.
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