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1

Profesor dr hab. Zbigniew Jerzy Bukowski (29.03.1931–24.07.2024)

100%
Fudziński P.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2024
|
vol. Tom XXXIII
287-289
2

Siekierka typu Kopaniewo z terenu miasta Reda

84%
Staszewski S., Fudziński P.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2022
|
vol. Tom XXXI
179–187
EN
The issues of searching for artefacts and stray finds that are devoid of archaeological context as well as the activity of the so-called detectorists, unfortunately has its continuation to this day. Their activities, although usually aimed at acquiring remains from the Second World War, often lead to the discovery of various types of artefacts or even new archaeological sites. This article addresses the issue of the find from the northern part of the town of Reda, handed over to the Pomeranian Voivodeship Conservator of Monuments directly by the discoverer. The findings made in the course of the case allow to confirm the accidental nature of the find, which turned out to be a bronze axe. The whole specimen is 7 cm long with a blade width of 3 cm. It can be classified as Kopaniewo type, very popular in Pomerania. These artefacts were also known to occur in Greater Poland, west of the Odra River and in Jutland. In Pomerania, their greatest concentration comes from the Słupia, Łupawa and Łeba rivers basins. The origin and manufacture of Kopaniewo axes were to be locally Pomeranian. The specimen found in the town of Reda can be dated to the V period of the Bronze Age. For movable archaeological artefacts, the most important thing is that the fact of their acquisition should be accompanied by archaeological research, which consists not only in discovering and securing individual items, but also in recognizing and documenting the system of cultural layers. Hence, in the scientific community of archaeologists and conservators of monuments, more and more frequently occurs a postulate to strengthen the tools of control over the process of searching for artefacts and the legal solution to the status of groups dealing with field searches with the use of detectors and their cooperation with archaeologists. In the discussed case, however, the attitude of the finder should be praised, as he decided to notify the monuments protection authorities of the discovery.
3

Naszyjnik brązowy pochodzący z okolic miejscowości Kębłowo

68%
Fudziński P., Staszewski S., Fudziński M.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2018
|
vol. Tom XXVII
s. 203-208
EN
The issue of illegal search for artefacts and the activity of the so-called detectorists, unfortunately has its infamous continuation to this day. Their actions, though usually aimed at acquiring relics of the World War II , often lead to the discovery of various artefacts or even new archaeological sites. In 2016, the Voivodeship Office of the Cultural Heritage Protection in Gdańsk received information from a Pomeranian archaeologist about the discovery of a bronze necklace near the village of Kębłowo, Luzino commune. The area from which the find was to be originate is located in the northern part of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is also a fragment of the northern edge of the Kashubian Lake District. The artefact in question is a necklace, oval in shape, circular in cross section and dimensions: diameter 20.7 x 19.5 cm, cross-sectional thickness from 0.5 cm. up to 0.8 cm. Its rather unusual closed form, unparalleled in Pomeranian forms should be emphasised. The artefact discovered near Kębłowo could be in its form a closed necklace from a solid rod. The question remains whether it was cast and for some reason unfinished. The ball could be, for example, a bronze inlet place during casting the artefact in mould. For some reason, it was not removed later, and the ends of the artefact were not cut open. The artefact from Kębłowo in the absence of knowledge of the context of the discovery can be dated to the end of the Bronze Age and the beginning of the early Iron Age. The archaeological artefact in question, although it certainly has display values, unfortunately belongs to the group of so-called stray finds, i.e. the ones with no information about the original archaeological context.
PL
Poruszana w ostatnich latach problematyka nielegalnych poszukiwań zabytków i aktywności tzw. detektorystów, ma niestety do dziś swoją niechlubną kontynuację. Ich działania, choć zwykle nastawione na pozyskiwanie reliktów drugiej wojny światowej, często prowadzą jednak do odkrycia różnego rodzaju zabytków czy wręcz nowych stanowisk archeologicznych. W 2016 roku do Wojewódzkiego Urzędu Ochrony Zabytków w Gdańsku wpłynęła, przekazana przez jednego z pomorskich archeologów, informacja o odkryciu brązowego naszyjnika w okolicach miejscowości Kębłowo, gmina Luzino. Okolica, z której miało pochodzić znalezisko znajduje się w północnej części województwa pomorskiego. Jest to jednocześnie fragment północnego skraju Pojezierza Kaszubskiego. Opisywany zabytek to naszyjnik, kształtu owalnego, o okrągłym przekroju i wymiarach: średnica 20,7 x 19,5 cm, grubość przekroju od 0,5 cm. do 0,8 cm. Należy podkreślić jego dosyć nietypową zamkniętą formę, niespotykaną u form pomorskich. Zabytek odkryty niedaleko Kębłowa mógł być być w swojej formie naszyjnikiem zamkniętym z litego pręta. Otwartym pozostaje pytanie, czy został on odlany i z jakiś powodów nie dokończony. Kulka mogła być np. miejscem wlewu brązu podczas odlewania zabytku we formie. Z jakiś powodów nie została ona później usunięta, a końce zabytków rozcięte. Zabytek z Kębłowa wobec braku znajomości kontekstu odkrycia można datować na schyłek epoki brązu i początek wczesnej epoki żelaza. Przedmiotowy zabytek archeologiczny, jakkolwiek z całą pewnością posiada walory ekspozycyjne, należy niestety do grupy tzw. odkryć luźnych, czyli pozbawionych informacji na temat pierwotnego kontekstu archeologicznego.
4

Siekierka z podniesionymi brzegami z okolic Kąpina

68%
Fudziński P., Przytarska E., Fudziński M.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2017
|
vol. Tom XXVI
s. 71-78
EN
The artefact in question was handed over to the Pomeranian Heritage Conservator in Gdańsk in 2016. An anonymous finder has marked the approximate location of the artefact's discovery, in the forests north-west of Kąpino, to the south of Mała Piaśnica. The artefact itself is a very well-preserved specimen, with semicircular edge, lozenge-shaped in cross-section. Its dimensions are: length 16 cm, edge width 5.4 cm, width between flanges 2 cm, axe weight is 420 g. The axe from the Kąpino area should be typologically assigned to the flanged axes type (type Kłodzisko-Szpunar A., 1987, p. 58 ff., Plate 38A). Artefacts of this type are most often stray finds, for our country within the range of the pre-Lusatian culture and the Tumulus cultures (see Gedl M., 1975, p. 54). In the literature of the subject, their origins from Mecklenburg-Odra River area workshops are suggested (Bukowski Z., 1998, p. 141). Hence, it is where the provenance of our artefact should be sought. Its dating, in this situation quite general, should be determined as II/beginning of III Bronze Age period. The axe from the Kąpino area inscribes in a small settlement network known for this period. It was marked by finds of a few burial mounds, e.g. from Warzenko (Podgórski J., 1992, p. 200, Fig.1), or finds of individual metal objects, e.g. a spearhead from Tczew (Fudziński P., Fudziński M., 2014, p. 10, Fig. 1a), or an axe from Dębina (Kostrzewski J., 1922-1924, p. 203). It is also worth mentioning that this and similar artefacts (apart from the utility function) could have served as ritual items, which might be evidenced by numerous finds in marsh deposits (Blajer W., 2001, p. 90). In case of archaeological artefacts it is essential that their discovery must be accompanied by archaeological excavations. The lack of scientific recognition in the field largely deprives an artefact of its scientific and historical value. Therefore, more and more often in the conservation debate, it is stressed how difficult and complex is the process of archaeological artefacts protection.
5

Skarb z Jodłowna, gm. Przywidz, pow. gdański, woj. pomorskie. Kontekst osadniczy oraz zagadnienia typologiczno-chronologiczne

60%
Nowak K., Gan P., Fudziński P., Palej A., Kwiatkowska M.
Pomorania Antiqua
|
2023
|
vol. Tom XXXII
91–114
EN
The discovery of the hoard using a metal detector was made at the end of August 2021 in Jodłowno, Przywidz commune, Gdańsk district (Fig. 1). This area is located in the south-western part of the village. The hoard was found at a forest path, about 10 metres from the meander of the former riverbed. Excavations were carried out on September 3, 2021. In the central part of the trench there was a place indicated and dug up by Mr Piotr Spisak. The diagonals of the trench were located along the lines N-S, W-E (Fig. 2a). The exploration of the site began with the mechinery removal of the topsoil layer. Surface prospecting was carried out on an ongoing basis using a metal detector. After removing the topsoil layer, a round outline of the dig made by the finder was found. At a depth of about 70 cm, a flat stone was found, left there by the discoverer of the objects (Figs. 2a; 3b). The finder claims that the stone was above metal artefacts. Below the stone, intact metal objects with an intense green patina began to appear (Figs. 2b; 3c, d). The artefacts were in the ground in an organized order (Fig. 3d-f). Rods/bars along with several tied items were put together in two groups. In the central part there were necklaces stacked on top of each other and an ankle ring which was partially surrounded by necklaces (Fig. 3f). The individual elements of the deposit were tied with a string made of organic material, the remains of which have been preserved on some items. Some ingots or groups of objects were bound with it (Fig. 4). Four cast hollow ankle rings were found in the deposit (Inv. Nos. 1, 2, 3 and 17; Fig. 5), six bow-shaped necklaces (Inv. Nos. 23-28; Fig. 6.7), a cast bracelet, hollow with thickened ends (Fig. 8), two fragments of hoop ornaments with a small rod diameter (Fig. 9a, b). Production waste included two separated casting jets of inlet reservoirs with two supply channels (Fig. 10). The deposit also includes blades and their fragments (Fig. 11a-d). The largest group of metal artefacts in the deposit are rods/bars (fifty specimens). This large collection is highly diversified both metrically and formally (Fig. 12). Based on the presence of dating artefacts, such as ankle rings and bow-shaped necklaces, the chronology of the deposit should be determined to the early Iron Age. Based on the findings of M. Hoffman (2000, p. 125), the presence of bow-shaped necklaces seems to date the deposit to the late early Bronze Age (HaD). The discovery from Jodłowno is part of the whole network of discoveries of hoards from the early Iron Age. The micro region of Jodłowno, a small village located in the eastern part of the Kashubian Lake District, is an area with many discoveries from the early Iron Age. There are as many as fourteen archaeological sites in the village itself. The discovery of the hoard in Jodłowno is one of the few examples of assemblage of artefacts that have been fully recovered. It is also one of the few so-called compact assemblages, whose homogeneity is certain. For the first time in the case of the early Iron Age in Pomerania, we are dealing with a well-documented context of the deposition of metal objects constituting a single assemblage. Depositing the ingots should not determine only the ‘raw material’ interpretation of the nature of the hoard and the question of belonging only to a person engaged in metallurgy, so eagerly undertaken by researchers. Further research of individual components of the hoard will bring us closer to an attempt to reconstruct their ‘biography’ and interpret the deposition act.
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