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Partyzancka mała matura

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EN
Underground education was one of the most important elements in the operationof the Polish Underground State, a sensation on a scale of the occupied Europe.Underground school was maintained in one of the most famous partisan divisions‘Jedrusie’, operating in the Sandomierz region. The founder of this type of action wasWladyslaw ‘Jedrus’ Jasinski, who claimed that the time of war cannot be a time wasted,especially for his youngest subordinates. The result of his clandestine educationwas the conspiratorial ‘mala matura’ exam.
PL
Tajne nauczanie było jednym z najważniejszych elementów funkcjonowania Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego, ewenementem na skalę okupowanej Europy. Tajną szkołę prowadzono także w jednym z najsłynniejszych oddziałów partyzanckich, jakim byli „Jędrusie”, działający na terenie Sandomierszczyzny. Pomysłodawcą tej formy działania był Władysława Jasiński „Jędruś”, który uznał, że wojna nie może być czasem straconym, szczególnie dla jego najmłodszych podkomendnych. Zwieńczeniem tajnych kompletów była konspiracyjna „mała matura”.
EN
Marian Ruzamski, the most outstanding painter connected with Tarnobrzeg, a graduate of the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, a pupil of Wyczolkowski and Malczewski,was taken as a so-called “civilian prisoner” after Tarnobrzeg was occupied by the Russian army in 1914. He spent the next 5 years of his life imprisoned in Kharkiv. He survived due to the help of his family, friends and the activities of the “Polskie TowarzystwoPomocy Ofiarom Wojny” (Polish Society to the Aid of War Victims). He also made a living by selling his works, painted on commission or simply exchanged for food. During his stay in Kharkiv, Ruzamski also experienced the horrors of the Bolshevik Revolution and civil war. These experiences would become an extremely important reference points in his later years. He returned to the independent Poland in 1919 with the rest of his works, which make up the so-called Kharkiv period of his art.
PL
Marian Ruzamski, najwybitniejszy malarz związany z Tarnobrzegiem, absolwent krakowskiej ASP, uczeń Wyczółkowskiego i Malczewskiego, po zajęciu Tarnobrzega w 1914 r. przez wojska rosyjskie, został przez nie uprowadzony z miasta jako tzw. jeniec cywilny. Osadzony w Charkowie, spędził tam 5 kolejnych lat swego życia. Przeżył dzięki pomocy rodziny, przyjaciół i działalności Polskiego Towarzystwa Pomocy Ofiarom Wojny. Utrzymywał się także ze sprzedaży swoich prac, malowanych na zamówienie bądź wymienianych za żywność. Podczas pobytu w Charkowie doświadczył również okropności rewolucji bolszewickiej i wojny domowej. Doświadczenia te stały się ogromnie ważnym punktem odniesienia w jego dalszym życiu. Do wolnej Polski powrócił w 1919 r. wraz z ocalałymi pracami, które składają się na tzw. okres charkowski jego twórczości.
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Perspektywy Kultury
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2023
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vol. 41
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issue 2/1
241-248
EN
In 1803–1804 Waleria Tarnowska, née Stroynowska and her husband Jan Feliks Tarnowski travelled around Italy. The purpose was to purchase works of art, which were to become the basis for building a collection at their family home in Dzików. During the trip, the couple visited all the most important cities, meeting with prominent figures of scientific life and artists. They also visited Padua with its most important monuments twice. However, the biggest impression was made by the famous university, where they held talks with the professors of the time and visited the university’s botanical garden. During the journey, which resulted in purchasing numerous paintings and sculptures, Valeria Tarnowska kept a journal, preserved to this day, which is a testimony to her impressions and emotions.
IT
Nel 1803–1804 Waleria Tarnowska, nata Stroynowska, e suo marito Jan Feliks Tarnowski, viaggiarono attraverso l’Italia. Lo scopo del viaggio era quello di acquistare opere d’arte, che sarebbero dovute diventare la base per la creazione di una collezione nella loro dimora familiare di Dzików. Durante il viaggio, la coppia visitò le più importanti città, incontrando gli scienziati più in vista e artisti. Visitarono inoltre due volte Padova, con i suoi importanti monumenti. Tuttavia, fu la famosa università a impressionarli maggiormente. Parlarono con i professori del tempo e visitarono l’orto botanico dell’università. Durante il soggiorno, durante il quale acquistarono numerosi dipinti e sculture, Waleria Tarnowska tenne un giornale, conservato sino ad oggi, il quale testimonia delle sue impressioni ed emozioni.
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