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1
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Anton Żdanowicz płk kozacki w świetle diariusza i korespondencji hetmana litewskiego Janusza Radziwiłła

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Nagielski M.
Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie
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2022
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vol. 9
17-38
EN
In the article, the author would like to show the achievements by the Cossack colonel Anton Zhdanovych. He belonged to the Cossack Starshyna (military and administrative governing authority) of the period of Bohdan Khmelnytky’s rise to power and was his trusted commander as well as a diplomat, sent in envoys, among others to Turkey and Moscow. Before that, Zhdanovych had served in the Chyhyryn regiment, so he was well known to Khmelnytsky, who trusted him a lot. The source of the research is the diary and correspondence of the Lithuanian Hetman Janusz Radziwiłł. After Bohdan Khmelnytky’s death, Zhdanovych supported the new hetman Ivan Vyhovski in his anti-Moscow activities, participating in the Battle of Konotop against the forces of Aleksey Trubetskoy. With the fall of the founder of the Treaty of Hadiach, Anton Zhdanovych and other supporters of Ivan Vyhovski were removed from power, forbidden to sit on the council and deprived of the right to receive the office. Hence, he disappears from the group of the Cossack Starshyna in a period of the Ruin.
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Diariusz wojny smoleńskiej Władysława IV (1633-1634)

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Nagielski M.
Studia Polsko-Ukraińskie
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2021
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vol. 8
69-84
EN
Władysław IV Smolensk campaign is well described both in historical works and sources including diaries of Mikhail Borisovich Shein. One of these diaries now kept Riksarkivet in Stockholm describes military activities from the coming of relief force organized by Władysław IV in September 1633 to the Treaty of Polyanovka signed in June 1634. It contains previously unknown information about battles of Smolensk, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth troops march, complex relationships between hetmans, diffi culties of army provisioning, offi cers and soldiers of various types of units. Th anks to the documents from the theatre of war we are able to reconstruct the structure of the offi cer cadre of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Muscovite forces. Also noteworthy are relations of Registered Cossacks comprised special units of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that came to present in front of the king. Th e Diary mainly describes military activities until the surrender of Shein, leaving little space to describe the struggle on the Biała in spring 1634. Th at event is described in every detail in the diary of John Moskorzewski.
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Jan III Sobieski i jego wpływ na odrodzenie staropolskiej sztuki wojennej w II połowie XVII wieku

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Nagielski M.
Tarnowskie Studia Historyczne
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2011
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vol. 2
70-88
EN
This article contains an abbreviated biography of John III Sobieski (1629-1674), Lord Standard-Bearer of the Crown, Grand Marshal of the Crown, Field Hetman and Grand Crown Hetman, King of Poland. The author first presents the period during which Sobieski gathered military education that he could later use as a commander in the battlefield. He presents Sobieski in the context of the times in which he lived to show the military skills of an extraordinary Polish commander and a connoisseur of the Old Polish military art. The author devotes much space to the use the highly maneuverable cavalry by Sobieski who used it to disintegrate the backups of the opposing army or to severe the lines of communication. The author also notes Sobieski’s communication skills when talking to the nobility at that time, which helped reduce the costs of conducting the war. By contrast, the author shows the defeats of Sobieski and their impact on the society’s attitude towards the leader. The author provides an overview of Sobieski’s achievements and defeats based on the individual campaigns and battles in which he fought. He also analyzes the changes that took place in the structure of the Crown’s army in Sobieski’s times, including the hussars, harquebusiers, light cavalry, and foreign infantry regiments. The article is a summary of the opinions of the Polish historiographers on Sobieski’s achievements who basically agree that Sobieski went into history as a brilliant commander, the one who defeated the Turks at the battle of Chocim and at the Battle of Vienna, as well as the man who helped to revive the Old Polish war art in the 17th century.
4
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Emperor’s recruitment in the Republic of Poland done by Maciej Arnoldin von Clarstein in 1635

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Nagielski M.
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski
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2019
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issue 4
83-100
EN
Emperor’s Ties in the Republic of Poland by Maciej Arnoldin von Clarstein in 1635.The truce signed by Wladyslaw IV with the Swedes in Sztumska Wieś in 1635 made it necessary to dissolve the military enlistments consisting of selected infantry and driving units. The Habsburgs as well as the French were striving for these troops in the face of the ongoing Thirty Years’ War. An imperial deputy, Arnoldin, was sent to the Republic of Poland. He received permission from Władysław IV to recruit soldiers. He succeeded in recruiting more than 5,000 men who took part in the Rhine War in the service of Emperor Ferdinand II. On the other hand, talks with Samuel Łaszcz of the Imperial Commissioners failed in the face of excessive financial demands made by the Crown Guard. The Polish Corps fought in Lorraine, Champagne, Picardy and Burgundy under the command of Gen. Matthias Gallas, giving a large service to the Habsburgs. The second enlistment on the territory of the Republic was carried out in September 1636 and was the work of Spanish diplomacy. In total, more than 15 thousand soldiers were led out of the borders of the Republic of Poland and the Habsburg diplomacy distanced the French diplomacy of Louis XIII.
PL
Podpisany rozejm przez Władysława IV ze Szwedami w Sztumskiej Wsi w 1635 r.spowodował konieczność rozpuszczenia zaciągów wojskowych złożonych z wyborowych oddziałów piechoty i jazdy. O te oddziały zabiegali tak Habsburgowie jak Francuzi wobec trwających działań wojny trzydziestoletniej. Do Rzeczpospolitej wysłano posła cesarskiego Arnoldina , który uzyskał od Władysława IV zgodę na werbunek żołnierzy. Udało się mu zwerbować ponad 5 tysięcy ludzi, którzy wzięli udział w walkach w Rzeszy nad Renem w służbie cesarza Ferdynanda II. Natomiast rozmowy z Samuelem Łaszczem komisarzy cesarskich nie powiodły się wobec wygórowanych żądań finansowych stawianych przez strażnika koronnego. Korpus polski walczył na terenie Lotaryngii, Szampanii, Pikardii i Burgundii pod komendą gen. Matthiasa Gallasa, oddając duże usługi Habsburgom.Drugi zaciąg na terenie Rzeczpospolitej przeprowadzono we wrześniu 1636 r. i był on dziełem dyplomacji hiszpańskiej. W sumie wyprowadzono ponad 15 tysięcy żołnierzy z granic Rzeczpospolitej a dyplomacja Habsburgów zdystansowała w tej kwestii dyplomację francuską Ludwika XIII.
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Udział wojskowych w sejmie elekcyjnym 1648 roku

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Nagielski M.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2017
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vol. 12
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issue 17
9-23
PL
The following paper, which bases its research findings on Sejm journals, presents the involvementof the members of the military in the royal election of 1648, which resulted in the election of Jan Kazimierz.Moreover, the article discusses the attitudes of the civilian part of the society, which tendedto be predominantly negative on account of the perceived excessive involvement of the military in thepolitical matters of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth. This, in turn, resulted in the involvementof entire military units (according to the calculations of the author, over ten thousand military troopsattended the royal election).The election was not the only important matter discussed during the proceedings. Those deliberationsincluded also the discussion on the reasons for the defeat in the battle of Piławce and assigningblame for the defeat to particular people. The article presents the state of the Polish-Lithuanian armyas well as the problems it encountered at that time, which were debated during the proceedings, andthe solutions to which included instituting new taxes and appointing new leaders. The author pointsto the hostility of the nobility towards the military, which stemmed from the belief in their incompetenceand thirst for personal gain. The problems included predominantly the issues of the costsof the campaign and the attempts on the military’s part at influencing the proceedings. In addition,the article presents the possible solutions - of varying levels of adequacy - for solving the Cossackuprising, pointing out the necessity for appointing new military leaders and increasing the army’sfinances through additional taxation.In the conclusion, the author remarks that the military involvement in the royal election couldhave significantly influenced their proceedings and outcomes.
EN
The following paper, which bases its research findings on Sejm journals, presents the involvement of the members of the military in the royal election of 1648, which resulted in the election of Jan Kazimierz. Moreover, the article discusses the attitudes of the civilian part of the society, which tended to be predominantly negative on account of the perceived excessive involvement of the military in the political matters of the Polish-Lithuanian commonwealth. This, in turn, resulted in the involvement of entire military units (according to the calculations of the author, over ten thousand military troopsattended the royal election).The election was not the only important matter discussed during the proceedings. Those deliberations included also the discussion on the reasons for the defeat in the battle of Piławce and assigning blame for the defeat to particular people. The article presents the state of the Polish-Lithuanian army as well as the problems it encountered at that time, which were debated during the proceedings, and the solutions to which included instituting new taxes and appointing new leaders. The author points to the hostility of the nobility towards the military, which stemmed from the belief in their incompetenceand thirst for personal gain. The problems included predominantly the issues of the costs of the campaign and the attempts on the military’s part at influencing the proceedings. In addition, the article presents the possible solutions - of varying levels of adequacy - for solving the Cossackuprising, pointing out the necessity for appointing new military leaders and increasing the army’s finances through additional taxation.In the conclusion, the author remarks that the military involvement in the royal election could have significantly influenced their proceedings and outcomes.
6
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Piotr Potocki, wojewoda bracławski - Hektor kamieniecki

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Nagielski M.
Wieki Stare i Nowe
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2020
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vol. 15
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issue 20
42-60
EN
Being a son of the Crown Hetman Mikołaj Potocki, and having inherited the title of the starosta of Kamieniec, Piotr Potocki distinguished himself before 1648 in battles at Kumejki (1637) and Ochmatów (1644), leading the charges of his father’s Cossack unit (rota). From 1643 on, as the starosta of Kamieniec, he was responsible for security of Kamieniec Podolski (a fortress), which proved especially significant during the Chmielnicki Uprising. Since he resided in the fortress also after he had taken office as the voivode of Bracław (1651), rarely did he appear in the General Sejm. Several times he repelled the attacks of Cossack-Tatar armies trying to seized Kamieniec; he participated in the Biała Cerkiew (1651) and Żwaniec campaigns (1653), leading a cavalry regiment. During the Cossack uprisings, he was in charge of organising the net of overt “intelligencers” (early intelligence agents) who would pass information of essence to Vasile Lupu, the voivode (hospodar) of Moldavia. He partook in another Ukraine campaign of the Polish Crown army (in the spring of 1654) resulting from B. Chmielnicki’s surrender in Moscow. In 1655, he appeared to be a faithful supporter of Jan Kazimierz, by guaranteeing the perpetuation of his influence in Kamieniec along with the military forces in his command. In order to acknowledge his military merits, as a defender of Podole and the Kamieniec fortress, the Ruthenian nobility recommended him to be awarded during dietines.
PL
Syn hetmana koronnego Mikołaja Potockiego, po ojcu starosta kamieniecki, przed 1648 rokiem odznaczył się w batalii pod Kumejkami (1637) oraz Ochmatowem (1644), dowodząc rotą kozacką swego ojca. Od 1643 roku jako starosta kamieniecki odpowiadał za bezpieczeństwo Kamieńca Podolskiego, co miało szczególne znaczenie w czasie powstania Bohdana Chmielnickiego. W związku z przebywaniem w murach twierdzy nawet po otrzymaniu urzędu wojewody bracławskiego (1651) Piotr Potocki rzadko pojawiał się na sejmach walnych. Kilkakrotnie odpierał ataki wojsk kozacko-tatarskich próbujących zdobyć Kamieniec; uczestniczył w wyprawie białocerkiewskiej (1651) oraz żwanieckiej (1653) na czele pułku jazdy. W trakcie powstań kozackich odpowiadał za organizację wywiadu płytkiego, przekazując istotne informacje o siłach kozacko-tatarskich m.in. od hospodara mołdawskiego Bazylego Lupula. Brał udział w wyprawie wojsk koronnych (wiosna 1654) na Ukrainie w związku z poddaniem się B. Chmielnickiego Moskwie. W 1655 roku okazał się oddanym stronnikiem Jana Kazimierza, utrzymując w wierności wobec monarchy Kamieniec i podległe mu siły. Za zasługi wojenne, jako obrońca Podola i twierdzy kamienieckiej, był zalecany przez szlachtę ruską na wielu sejmikach do nagrody.
7
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Wojsko koronne suplementowe i komputowe w latach 1648–1652 w świetle rachunków skarbowo-wojskowych z Archiwum Głównego Akt Dawnych w Warszawie

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Nagielski M.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
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2022
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vol. 83
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issue Spec.
291-314
EN
The article shows the importance of the fiscal and military sources kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw for presenting the state of the Crown army in 1648–1652. They make it possible to determine the organisation, structure, and numbers of individual units of both national and foreign regiments, and present their commanders and the costs incurred by the Commonwealth for their upkeep. The documents contained in particular sections of the Crown Treasury Archives make it possible to reconstruct the officer and non-commissioned officer cadres of the Crown army being paid for their service at particular fiscal and military commissions, whose members do not appear in any lexicons and dictionaries of officers and whose registers and rolls of the units in which they served are not to be found in section 86.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje znaczenie akt skarbowo-wojskowych znajdujących się w AGAD w Warszawie dla przedstawienia stanu armii koronnej w latach 1648–1652. Pozwalają one nie tylko na określenie organizacji, struktury czy liczebności poszczególnych jednostek obu zaciągów, tak narodowego, jak cudzoziemskiego, ale także na przedstawienie kadry dowódczej tych oddziałów oraz kosztów ponoszonych przez Rzeczpospolitą na ich utrzymanie. Materiały znajdujące się w poszczególnych działach Archiwum Skarbu Koronnego umożliwiają odtworzenie kadry oficerskiej i podoficerskiej armii koronnej odbierającej zasługi na poszczególnych komisjach skarbowo-wojskowych, których przedstawiciele nie występują w innych leksykonach i słownikach oficerów, a regestrów i rolli jednostek, w których służyli, nie odnajdujemy w dziale 86.
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Wydatki skarbu koronnego na poselstwo tatarskie w 1654 r. Część 2

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Nagielski M., Milewski D.
Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne
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2022
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vol. 29
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issue 2
286-300
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Źródła do dziejów Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w okresie rządów Wazów i „królów rodaków” w Archiwum Książąt Kurlandzkich w Łotewskim Państwowym Archiwum Historycznym w Rydze

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Nagielski M., Bobiatyński K.
Miscellanea Historico-Archivistica
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2013
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issue 20
113-126
EN
The article discusses the holdings of the princes of Courland Archives , which is stored - as fond 554 - at the Latvian State Historical Archives (Latvijas Valsts vestures arhivs) in Riga. So far, the Polish historians have used these records to a small extent., although this archive contains many valuable materials for the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 17th century. The most valuable Polonica include a vast collection of correspondence between the princes of the Kettlers Family and the Polish kings of the Vasa dynasty as well as with the leading representatives of the Polish and Lithuanian magnates. This collection includes some interesting source material for the history of the military conflict with Sweden, as of the campaign of 1621, until the end of the Second Northern War in 1660. Great value have also diplomatic records, mostly reports submitted by the representatives of the Kettlers at the royal court (especially of Jan III Sobieski), as well as documents showing the policy of the princes of Courland towards its neighbors (Poland, Moscow, Sweden, Brandenburg), and their attempts to appear neutral and independent in times of great conflict taking place in the 17thc. in this part of Europe.
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