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PL
After 1989, the Polish political scene clashed two traditions: individualism and community. They were a reflection of social trends and habits, whereas for the political parties became the axis around which were decided the main dilemmas of the political system, economy and cultural sphere of the society. Dilemmas of reconciling individualism with community trends were consistent with the presence of Catholic values in society, traditions and political culture. Along with the consolidation of democracy in Poland, became the determinant of political views and attitudes, thereby affecting the socio-political divisions in Poland.
EN
The civil competences may have a great influence on the level of the democracy consolidation. They are a mark of knowledge about the democracy, understanding the democracy mechanisms and also the trust to its institutions. This way of understanding the civil competences (especially for the participating kind of political culture) seem to be not enough developed in Poland, what is proved by the results of carried out and shown research. Also vthe idea of the necessity of the occurrence of civil competences, understood as the compulsion for the participating kind of political culture to work, might be exaggerated, because not always the knowledge about the democracy and its mechanisms and its institutions, must be connected with the civil activity.
EN
The Union of Real Politics (UPR) is a political party which advocates a liberal state and free market, and on the other hand it emphasises a traditional family model and Christian values. Thus, in a traditional formulation of political thought, UPR represents conservative liberalism. Although UPR declares for a limited role of a state in citizens` life and a free market system, it turns down the optimistic vision of an individual, his intellectual abilities, nature and belief in progress. UPR also criticises a modern democracy as a degeneration of the original one, which gives some priority to an equality rule than a freedom one.
EN
The most important ideologies of the XIX and the first half of the XX century took a stand on communities. This was expressed not only in the liberal criticism of the communal lifestyle but also in the socialist commendation; in the conservative hierachy or communist absolute equality. Invariably a community constituted one of the central categories around which concepts of life of a human being and functioning of the society were created.
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