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1

Panegiryk Do Jakuba z Sienna a początki poezji humanistycznej w Krakowie w XV wieku

100%

Niedźwiedź J.

Terminus

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2013

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vol. 15

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issue 4(29)

PL

The panegyric To Jacob of Sienno and the beginnings of the humanistic poetry in Krakow in the 15th centuryThe paper has two aims: one is to publish a critical edition of an early humanistic poem, the other is to explain the circumstances in which it was written. The study engages the traditional methods of textual criticism. The author analyses several sources, among them the manuscript 802 preserved in the Kórnik Library which contains the poem. In the first part of the paper Jacob’s biography is reminded. Jacob of Sienno (Jakub z Sienna, 1413–1480) was a diplomat, a politician, the bishop of Kujawy and next the archbishop of Gniezno. He was born in an nobleman family, studied in Rome and in the mid 1430’s pursued his ecclesiastical and political career. He turned back to Italy many times, both as a royal diplomat and a political refugee during his conflict with king Casimir IV Jagiellon. The author stresses the fact that in his Italian journeys he must have come in contact with the early Humanistic culture, which is proved for instance by his collection of Renaissance decorated books acquired in Italy. In the second part the author reveals the circumstances in which the poem was written. The deliberations here touch upon the problem of authorship. Although some researchers made aconjecture that the author would have been Leonardo Mansueti (1414–1480), the Master General of the Dominican Order and Jacob’s friend, a hypothesis that an anonymous Cracow scholar would have been the grateful poet is more convincing. The author reminds a long-standing relationship between Jacob and the University of Cracow. As a patron of the university the bishop made it a gift of his library. The third part contains analysis of the text. The poet drew a picture of a bishop-good shepherd and a wise statesman devoted to the country. To construct such a figure, typical for Renaissance literature in the next century, he employed the classical rhetoric, astrology and especially the Stoic philosophy. The analysis leads to the conclusion that To Jacob of Sienno can be one of the first Humanistic panegyrics in Poland. It can be considered a result of Jacob’s patronage on literature and fine arts. At the end the author asserts that the bishop courts in Poland in the 15th century were important centres of Humanistic culture, among them Jacob’s court. Future research on this topic can shed new light on the beginnings of the Renaissance in Poland. Additionally, the paper provides critical edition of the Latin text and its Polish translation with commentaries

2

Nowa edycja traktatu Andrzeja Wolana o wolności

100%

Niedźwiedź J.

Terminus

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2011

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vol. 13

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issue 24

149-159

EN

A Review of: Andrzej Wolan, De libertate politica sive civili. O wolnosci Rzeczypospolitej albo slacheckiej, tłum. Stanisław Dubingowicz, wyd. i oprac. Maciej Eder, Roman Mazurkiewicz, Wydawnictwo Neriton, Warszawa 2010, s. 478 (Seria: Humanizm. Idee, Nurty i Paradygmaty Humanistyczne w Kulturze Polskiej, Inedita, t. III)

3

Nowa edycja Confessio fidei Abrahama Kulwiecia

100%

Niedźwiedź J.

Terminus

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2014

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vol. 16

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issue 3(32)

PL

A New Edition of Abraomas Kulvietis’sConfessio fideiThe paper discusses the latest edition of the works of a Lithuanian humanist and propagator of the Reformation, Abraham Kulwieć (Abraomas Kulvetis, ca. 1510/1512–1545), edited by a Lithuanian scholar, Dainora Pociūtė. In the first part the author raises the question of Kulvetis’s absence in the contemporary historical studies of Polish Renaissance literature. In the second part of the paper the author reminds the role of this person in the development of humanist culture and Reformation in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the first half of the 16th century.

4

The Use of Books in 16th-century Vilnius

100%

Niedźwiedź J.

Terminus

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2013

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vol. 15

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issue 2(27)

PL

The main goal of the paper is to answer the question of what was unique about the use of books in Vilnius between 1522 and 1610. The reason to take a closer look at the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is the fact that it has always been a multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-religious city. This observation allows the author to assume that the use of books there could have been different than in other European cities of the time. To find possible answers to the question posed, the author traces the changes in production, distribution and reading of books in the city. The research is based on several sorts of sources, such as printed books, manuscripts and documents from Vilnius archives (mainly the municipal archive, the Catholic chapter, the castle court etc.). He was supported by contemporary studies about early modern Vilnius scriptoria and printing houses (Kawecka-Gryczowa, Topolska, Nikalaieu), bookbinders (Laucevičius), book writing (Ulčinaitė, Narbutienė, Narbutas) and the history of the city (Frick). At the beginning of the paper the author recalls the main facts about Vilnius in the 16th century. The city had increasingly grown in importance as a political, economical and cultural centre of the Jagiellonian monarchy. The central part, divided in four chronologically arranged chapters, focuses on several problems, among them: the beginnings of Cyrillic prints and Skaryna’s printing house, languages and alphabets of books (Latin, Ruthenian, Polish, Lithuanian, German, Hebrew, Yiddish and Arabic), book production, dissemination, storage and reading. The author notices that a significant contributing factor to the spreading book culture in Vilnius was the royal court and chancery. He puts emphasis on the significance of humanistic schools that were established in Vilnius in the 2nd half of the 16th century by four different Christian confessions (Calvinist, Catholic, Lutheran and Orthodox). The most influential one was the Jesuit Academy of Vilnius. This process was accompanied by the establishment of no less than 11 printing houses. Having said that, the author argues that books printed in Vilnius, imported to the city and held in its libraries reflect a fruitful competition between main religious communities. At the end, the author reaches the conclusion that the use of books in Vilnius was similar to other European cities of the time, yet the capital of Lithuania still seems to be a good deal more complex a case. He ventures a hypothesis that the book can be deemed as one of the tools or factors by which religious or ethnic identity in Vilnius was defined.

5

Wielopiśmienność Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego: nowe perspektywy badawcze

100%

Niedźwiedź J.

Wielogłos

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2014

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issue 2(20)

PL

Multi-Literacy in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: A New Research Approach The paper deals with the problem of using different languages of writing in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 15th–17th centuries. Among them there were: Latin, Polish, Ruthenian, Church-Slavonic, Lithuanian, German, Yiddish, Hebrew, Arabic and Greek, written in five alphabets: Latin, Cyryllic, Hebrew, Arabic and Greek. The author noticed that this multi-lingualism and multi-alphabeticism was omitted in Polish studies about history of literature of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. He argues that including these two issues in the studies on the Commonwealth’s history is crucial to better understand the muli-cultural and multi-ethnic character of this country. One of the main questions of the paper is about the relationship between a script and an identity. The author notices that comparative approach can be especially productive in such research. He enlists similar borderline processes in use of writing in medieval and early modern England, Sicily, Malta, Cyprus, Venice, Dubrovnik, Moldova and Andalusia. It is illustrated by a few cases of use of the Cyryllic, Latin and Arabic alphabets. The author draws a comparison between the 16th-century literary languages of Spanish Moriscos and Lithuanian Tatars. Both these languages were based on the written version of a vernacular language (Romance and Byelorussian) in the Arabic alphabet.

6

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. History, Memory, Legacy, ed. Andrzej Chwalba, Krzysztof Zamorski

100%

Niedźwiedź J.

Zapiski Historyczne

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2023

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vol. 88

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issue 1

155-163

7

The Battle of Orsha (1514) on Maps: Mapping the Muscovian War as Renaissance Politics of Memory

100%

Niedźwiedź J.

Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

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2023

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vol. 67

59-103

EN

On 14 September 1514, in the vicinity of the town of Orsha, the combined Lithuanian-Polish forces defeated the Muscovian army. Among many texts commemorating the battle are maps published between 1526 and the mid-seventeenth century. The author argues that each cartographical representation of the battle can be interpreted as an example of Renaissance politics of memory. The struggle could be an element of the Jagiellonian dynastic propaganda, an argument in the competition between the Lithuanian Ruthenia and Muscovy, a fragment of the republican discourse or a part of narration about the great past of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

PL

14 września 1514 r. w okolicach miasta Orsza połączone siły polsko-litewskie pokonały wojska moskiewskie. Wśród wielu tekstów upamiętniających bitwę znajdują się również mapy, wydane drukiem między rokiem 1526 a połową XVII w. Autor dowodzi, że każde odwzorowanie kartograficzne bitwy może być interpretowane jako przykład renesansowej polityki pamięci. Bitwa mogła być elementem propagandy dynastycznej Jagiellonów, argumentem w rywalizacji między Rusią Litewską a Moskwą, fragmentem dyskursu republikańskiego lub częścią narracji o wielkiej przeszłości Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego.

8

Nieznane polskie subskrypcje do emblematów Ottona van Veen i Hermana Hugona. Przyczynek do funkcjonowania zachodniej grafiki religijnej w kulturze staropolskiej

63%

Grześkowiak R., Niedźwiedź J.

Terminus

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2012

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vol. 14

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issue 25

47-68

EN

The Seweryn Udziela Etnographic Musem in Kraków holds an impressive collection of old engravings, among which there are also copperplates by Cornelis Galle. He used selected prints from Amorum emblemata (1608) and Amoris divini emblemata (1615) by Otton van Veen and Pia desideria (1624) by Herman Hugon to form his own emblematic cycle on metaphysical relations between the Soul and Amor Divinus. The drawings from the works of Veen and Hugon were very popular in the 17th century and inspired numerous poets and editors around Europe. In the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth it was Hugons Pia desideria that aroused particular interest. The cycle was imitated and translated by e.g. Mikołaj Mieleszko SJ, Zbigniew Morsztyn, Aleksander Teodor Lacki and Jan Kościesza Żaba. On three of the Galle’s prints stored in the Kraków museum an anonymous author wrote, unknown until now, epigrams accompanying the icons taken from the cycle by Veen (No. 8 and 21) and by Hugon (II 5). This emblematic micro-cycle was, with all probability, written down at the end of the 17th or at the beginning of the 18th century by a nun or a monk in one of the Little Poland convents or monasteries. Possibly the origins of the cycle may be linked with the Carmelite nuns’ convent in Cracow. And whether it is the actual place where the cycle was created or not, it is a good point to begin studies on the employment of emblematic practices in Catholic convents and monasteries in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth between the 16th and the 18th centuries. Imported copperplates and woodcuts were a typical piece of the equipment of a cell. They were hung on the cell walls or simply were collected in sets of prints and often exchanged as gifts among nuns or monks, e.g. on the occasion of New Years Eve (an example of such a gift from 1724 is given in this paper). It was a common practice to put notes of diverse character on the reverse side of such prints, e.g. autobiographic details, short prayers or excerpts from sacred texts and religious literature. Still, the main purpose of the emblems was their application in everyday meditations and other forms of personal prayers. The three subscriptiones in the Ethnographic Museum in Krakow are also prayers of this kind, combining word and image.

9

Companion to Emblem Studies

63%

Niedźwiedź J., Kiliańczyk-Zięba J.

Terminus

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2012

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vol. 14

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issue 25

273-276

EN

A Review of.: Companion to Emblem Studies ed. Peter M. Daly, New York AMS Press, INC, 2008 („AMS Studies in the Emblem”, no. 20)

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6 Terminus

1 Odrodzenie i Reformacja w Polsce

1 Wielogłos

1 Zapiski Historyczne

9 Niedźwiedź J.

1 Grześkowiak R.

1 Kiliańczyk-Zięba J.

2 2023

2 2014

2 2013

3 2012

Panegiryk Do Jakuba z Sienna a początki poezji humanistycznej w Krakowie w XV wieku

Nowa edycja traktatu Andrzeja Wolana o wolności

Nowa edycja Confessio fidei Abrahama Kulwiecia

The Use of Books in 16th-century Vilnius

Wielopiśmienność Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego: nowe perspektywy badawcze

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. History, Memory, Legacy, ed. Andrzej Chwalba, Krzysztof Zamorski

The Battle of Orsha (1514) on Maps: Mapping the Muscovian War as Renaissance Politics of Memory

Nieznane polskie subskrypcje do emblematów Ottona van Veen i Hermana Hugona. Przyczynek do funkcjonowania zachodniej grafiki religijnej w kulturze staropolskiej

Companion to Emblem Studies