This article gives basic information on the stock exchanges in China and Poland and a short description of the terminology related to securities, which is difficult to understand for translators. The language and vocabulary used in Chinese and Polish financial markets have been studied following the method of parallel texts comparison. The author shows the meaning of terms and their equivalents in Chinese and Polish. The common factor affecting the terminology of both investigated languages is the English terminology source. Due to that fact, the meaning of the borrowed terminology in Poland and China is similar or exactly the same.
This paper presents the macrostructure of Chinese, English and Polish school certificates and university diplomas (Hughes, Varó 2002) in the aspect of translation. The language and vocabulary used in Chinese, Polish and English certificates and diplomas are researched into. The conclusions are that the historically conditioned differences in legal realities in China, Taiwan, Poland (the impact of the partitions and the Communist regime) and the English-speaking countries affect the structure and contents of such certificates and diplomas. Thus, Polish certificates and diplomas are more similar to British and American ones. However, certificates and diplomas executed in China have different macrostructure (they are in a form of a book). As a consequence, some legal terms and expressions which appear in them do not occur in Polish and English.
The article presents the perspective of Chinese employees on relationships between supervisors and subordinates in the context of changes in the local work setting. It was investigated whether, within the scope of several years between the Globe research in China and qualitative research presented in the article, differences in attitudes of Chinese employees towards greater assertiveness, independence at work and lower hierarchy may be observed. In order to further our understanding of the changing nature of supervisor-subordinate attitudes, this article examines data obtained from in-depth interviews conducted among Chinese managers in local or/and multinational companies in China. Critical incidents describing misunderstandings in work setting were collected, transcribed and coded with support of N-Vivo software. Results of the study present attributions of subordinate and supervisor described by respondents in critical incidents and show how employees perceive each other. Authors describe the pattern for establishing relationships with co-workers in the business work setting in China and characteristics of their cooperation.
PL
W artykule opisano specyfikę relacji między przełożonym a podwładnym na tle zmian w postrzeganiu postaw chińskich pracowników przez badaczy psychologii organizacji. Sprawdzono, czy w odstępie niecałych dziesięciu lat od badań GLOBE z 2004 r. do badań przeprowadzonych przez jedną z autorek w 2010 i 2011 r. można odnotować różnicę w postawach chińskich pracowników. Ustalono, jakie atrybucje dotyczące zachowania podwładnego i przełożonego opisanego w incydencie krytycznym ujawniają osoby badane oraz jak pracownicy wzajemnie się postrzegają. Opisano, jak wygląda nawiązywanie relacji ze współpracownikami i jakie relacje cechują ich współpracę.
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