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PL
EZOTERYZM ROSYJSKI W BADANIACH GDAŃSKIEGO LABORATORIUM NIEDOGMATYCZNEJ DUCHOWOŚCI Tradycje ezoteryzmu zachodniego wyznaczają obszar badań grupy naukowców działających w Laboratorium Niedogmatycznej Duchowości. Na Wydziale Filologicznym Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego w latach dziewięćdziesiątych utworzono pracownię badawczą skupiającą uczonych z Instytutu Filologii Wschodniosłowiańskiej, do której w niedługim czasie dołączyli także naukowcy z innych ośrodków. Obecnie w skład zespołu wchodzą uczeni z polskich uczelni, a także z Rosji, Ukrainy, USA, Szwecji i Niemiec. Autorka omawia dzieje powstania grupy badawczej i charakteryzuje główne nurty badań oraz sfery działalności Laboratorium, szczególną uwagę poświęcając najnowszemu projektowi naukowemu, w którym biorą udział członkowie pracowni. Projekt ten obejmuje badania unikalnych dokumentów związanych z działalnością Towarzystwa Antropozoficznego w Rosji, które zostały zgromadzone przez Ludwiga A. Nowikowa (1933–2005), a następnie przekazane do Oddziału Rękopisów Instytutu Literatury Światowej Rosyjskiej Akademii Nauk w Moskwie.  RUSSIAN ESOTERICISM IN THE RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY THE LABORATORY OF NON-DOGMATIC SPIRITUALITY Traditions of esotericism determine the scope of research conducted by The Laboratory of Non-Dogmatic Spirituality.  In the 1990s, academics from The Institute of Eastern-Slavic Philology founded a research laboratory at the Faculty of Languages at the University of Gdańsk. Soon academics from other centers joined in. Nowadays, the group comprises scholars from Polish universities, as well as from Russia, Ukraine, the USA, Sweden and Germany. Among the most interesting projects carried out by the Laboratory, one can find the research connected with a unique archive that was presented to the Department of Manu-scripts at Gorky World Literature Institute (Russian Academy of Sciences in Moscow). The collection, which was handed over in 2014, had been compiled by late Ludvig Aleksandrovich Novikov (1933–2005), a physicist, scientist, academic by profession, but an archivist and a culture researcher by avocation. The collection includes valuable documents concerned with the history of anthroposophy, one of the initiation schools mentioned above, which was extremely popular in Russia, especially with representatives of the art world.
EN
The article is devoted to the influence of esoteric philosophy on the European and Russian literature at the turn of the 20th century. The author analyzes the causes of the fascination with clairvoyance (as well as other kinds of extrasensory perception) and examines its various expressions in the works of H.P. Blavatsky, Alexander Aksakov, Annie Besant, Charles Leadbeater, Rudolf Steiner, Gustav Meyrink, Maurice Maeterlinck, Andrei Belyi, Leo Kobylinsky-Ellis, Nikolai Roerich et al.
PL
J. Tymieniecka-Suchanek: Proza Walerija Briusowa wobec kultury. W poszukiwaniu analogii historycznych. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu ŚlĄskiego 2004
EN
The article is devoted to esoteric conception of the human body and its evolution. At the beginning of the 20th century, when occult philosophy was very popular in Europe, this theory won many followers who decided to change their diet radically. The popularity of vegetarianism was conducive to founding numerous vegetarian restaurants. Before Revolution in 1917, there were over 50 of them in Russia (in the big cities and health resorts mainly). The founders of the most popular of these places were advocates of Leo Tolstoy’s philosophy (Pavel Biriukov and Vladimir Chertkov in Moscov and Kiev), as well as Russian theosophists (Anna Kamenska in St. Petersbourg and Jekaterina Pisareva in Kaluga and Podborki). Vegetarianism inspired by esotericism was very popular among the Russian artists, which is reflected in the literature from the Silver Age.
EN
The article deals with the esoteric conception of “cosmic evolution” and the theory of “new man”. At the beginning of the 20th century, when occult philosophy was very popular in Europe, this theory won many followers who decided to develop in themselves a “cosmic consciousness” and to change their diet radically. The popularity of vegetarianism led to the creation of numerous vegetarian restaurants. Beore the revolutions in 1917, there were over 50 of them in Russia. The founders and clients of the most popular of these places were advocates of Leo Tolstoi’s philosophy, as well as Russian theosophists and posttheosophist. Vegetarianism inspired by esotericism was very popular among the second generation of Russian symbolists (i. a. Andrei Belyi, Maximilian Voloshin, Leo Kobylinsky-Ellis, Boris Leman-Diks, Nikolai Belocvetov, Margarita Sabashnikova, Klavdia Bugaeva).
PL
Der Artikel widmet sich der esoterischen Konzeption der „kosmischen Evolution“ und der Teorie des „neuen Menschen“. Zu Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts, als die okkulte Philosophie in Europa populär wurde, gewann diese Teorie viele Anhänger, die beschlossen, ihren Bewusstseinszustand zu einem „kosmischen Bewusstsein“ zu entwickeln und ihre Ernährung radikal zu ändern. Die Popularität des Vegetarismus örderte die Gründung zahlreicher vegetarischer Restaurants. Vor der Revolution im Jahre 1917 gab es über 50 von ihnen in Russland. Die Gründer und Kunden der beliebtesten dieser Orte waren Vertreter der Philosophie Lev olstojs sowie russische Teosophen und Posttheosophen. Der von der Esoterik inspirierte Vegetarismus war auch bei der zweiten Generation russischer Symbolisten sehr beliebt (u. a. Andrej Belyj, Maksimilian Vološin, Lev Kobylinskij-Ellis, Boris Leman-Diks, Nikolaj Belocvetov, Margarita Sabašnikova, Klavdija Bugaeva).
EN
This article is devoted to the esoteric symbolism of anthroposophy. Russian anthroposophy, which developedin the underground of Soviet Russia and in isolation from the Goetheanum, the Anthroposophical Society’sheadquarters in Switzerland, created its own unique symbolism and mythology that surprisingly combinesmotifs of Western esoteric traditions with elements of native mysticism and historiosophy.
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