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Pusty tron władzy, czyli o dylematach władzy ludu w demokracjach

100%
Sikora A.
Civitas Hominibus. Rocznik filozoficzno-społeczny
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2019
|
vol. 14
9-21
EN
During the last few years, politicians have increasingly referred to the will of ‘the people’ to justify their decisions. This article discusses the limits of the idea of representation, which is the main principle of democracy. In democratic countries ‘the people’ exercise their authority through representatives. According to populists, the democratic system needs to be changed to give voice to ‘the people’. Elected representatives are both subordinate to ‘the people’ and govern them. This construction raises questions about the extent of power which representatives have. Where should the power of ‘the people’ end and in what circumstances should representatives know better than vox populi? Today there are many areas to which ‘the people’ have no access.
PL
W ostatnich latach politycy coraz częściej odwołują się do woli suwerena, jako do motywatora podejmowania decyzji. W artykule zostanie podniesiona kwestia wątpliwości kryjących się za zasadą reprezentacji – naczelną zasadą demokracji. To właśnie dzięki reprezentantom lud sprawuje władze w państwach demokratycznych. I jak głoszą populiści, system trzeba zmienić, by przywrócić ludowi głos. Zostaną również poruszone kwestie realności takiego rozwiązania. Wybrani reprezentanci są jednocześnie podlegli ludowi, jak i rządzą nim. Wywołuje to pytania o zakres władzy, jaką mają rządzący. Gdzie powinna kończyć się władza ludu oraz w jakich okolicznościach rządzący powinni wiedzieć lepiej niż vox populi? Zwłaszcza że współcześnie powstaje coraz więcej nisz, do których suwerenny lud nie ma dostępu.
2
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Hałas jako stymulator procesów migracji tkanki miejskiej - studium przypadku głogowa małopolskiego

63%
Sikora A., Walicka-Góral B.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 144
333-349
EN
The modern city takes many processes, often contradictory. One of the city-forming elements is widely understood communication network, such as roads, railways and airports, in an article presented in the context of the inherent noise. The importance of the development of the transport system of the city is axiomatic. With public transport the city is developing. Looking at it from the other side, on a local scale, the development moves away from the source of sound nuisance, outside the zone of noise pollution. This phenomenon is characterized by intensified changing industry nature that requires well-connected locations, resulting in the migration of industrial plants to the vicinity of small towns in the metropolitan area. Predicting potential movements of urban fabric is one way to control the uncontrolled urban sprawl and the guarantor of spatial order. One way to monitor changes in the propagation of noise is an acoustic map, drawn for cities with over 100,000 inhabitants. The impact of noise emitted by the elements of communication is typical not only for big cities, but also small towns located at a distance or near a big city. No need to produce maps for small towns in the face of exurbanisation processes, counter urbanisation processes or the phenomenon of "second homes" appears to be unfounded. In situations where the noise issue has not been tested and diagnosed, small towns remain in the long term exposed to the use of ad hoc measures to protect against noise in the form of architectural elements such as noise barriers with dubious aesthetic value, the decline in property value, and as a result - the impact of noise on development rearrangements.
3
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Funkcje administracyjne Szadku – rys historyczny

63%
Lamprecht M., Sikora A.
Biuletyn Szadkowski
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2008
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issue 08
113-126
EN
Szadek, one of the oldest towns in the Łódź region, grew on the crossing of mediaeval routes connecting such cities as Piotrków, Uniejów, Łęczyca and Sieradz. Such location, strategic in terms of communication links, was favourable to Szadek’s development and contributed to the strengthening of its role as an urban settlement performing central functions for the surrounding areas, particularly with regard to administration of territorial (the seat of local government of various levels), judicial and ecclesiastical affairs. There is evidence suggesting that as far back as the 12th century Szadek was functioning as a local administrative and economic centre. In the following centuries it became a major settlement unit providing diverse important functions to the whole district. Today Szadek is a small town which retained only a few of these functions, but nevertheless they reflect its former status on the map of the region. The broad range of services provided by Szadek indicates that it was perceived as a special place in the settlement network. Its changing role and importance as regards the functions performed the historical events which mostly had negative consequences for the town, conducing to its diminished importance on the administrative map of the region and the country.
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