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EN
The text presents the literary reflections of Cz. Milosz, M. Kundera and D. Kis on Central and East-Central Europe in the light of comparative Slavic analysis. Their views are positioned as phases and aspects in the development of the concept of the region in question. The main focus falls on the dialogue between key texts and concepts of the above-mentioned writers on the subject, including their biographies, émigré and dissident contexts, their historical and cultural awareness. At the center of the comparative interpretation are Czesław Miłosz’s views in relation to Polish historical experience regarding the heritage of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
PL
W artykule omówiono refleksje literackie Cz. Milosza, M. Kundery i D. Kiša o Europie Środkowej i Środkowo-Wschodniej w świetle porównawczej analizy slawistycznej. Ich poglądy przedstawiono jako fazy i aspekty w rozwoju koncepcji o omawianym regionie. W opracowaniu położono nacisk na dialog między kluczowymi tekstami i konceptami wymienionych pisarzy na postawiony temat, z uwzględnieniem ich biografii, sytuacji emigranckich i dysydenckich oraz historycznej i kulturowej świadomości twórców. Poglądy Czesława Miłosza umieszczono w centrum interpretacji komparatystycznej w odniesieniu do polskiego doświadczenia historycznego oraz dziedzictwa Dawnej Rzeczypospolitej.
PL
Heretycy, stosy i inkwizytorzy zasiedliły literaturę polską drugiej połowy XX wieku. Widać to w twórczości polskich twórców, którzy przeszli przez apokalipsę II wojny światowej i dyktatury minionego wieku: Czesława Miłosza, Gustawa Herlinga-Grudzińskiego, Andrzeja Szczypiorskiego, Zbigniewa Herberta, Czesława Miłosza, Jerzego Andrzejewskiego. Niniejszy tekst skupia się na dominacji fabuł, związanych z herezją i jej prześladowaniem w utworach wymienionych twórców. Rekonstrukcje artystyczno-dokumentalne odczytano w obronie tezy o istniejącym parabolicznym i historiozoficznym dyskursie herezji w powojennej literaturze polskiej. Specjalną uwagę zwrócono na eseje Herberta, związane z herezją oraz na heretyczną postać Chrystusa w Drugim przyjściu Herlinga.
EN
The present text explores the theme of heresies and their persecution in the works of a group of writers, survivors of World War II and of the two dictatorships of the century – Gustaw Herling-Grudziński, Zbigniew Herbert, Czesław Miłosz, Andrzej Szczypiorski, Jerzy Andrzejewski. An artistic-documentary reconstruction of medieval processes and executions of heretics, as well as striving for protection and rehabilitation are observed in a series of their works. Deep allusions to the dictatorships of the 20th century are made. Particular attention is being paid to Herbert’s essays, connected with heresies and to a heretic image of Christ in the short story Drugie przyjście by Herling-Grudzinski.
PL
This article consists of excerpts from two chapters of Margreta Grigorova’s monograph entitled Joseph Conrad – the Creator as Seafarer. The titles of the chapters are: “The Captain and the Sea” and “Locating Heart of Darkness. A Journey to the Centre of Africa. The Belgian Congo in Conrad’s Works.” These chapters focus on the figure of the captain in Conrad’s works and on one of its particular manifestations in Heart of Darkness. The figure of the captain provides crucial insights into Conrad’s work. It shapes his narratives biographically and is at the core of their creative design. Conrad’s dream of captainship dominates both his real-life and creative quests. It is related both to the romantic heroism of sailing and to the sober responsibility and art of ship navigation. The triumph of this dream represents one of the force lines that draw Conrad’s readers to his works. The “heart” of “darkness” represents one of the emblematic topoi in his work. Confronting the empirical manifestations of “darkness” and its metaphysical significance is a salient feature of Conrad’s fiction, but it acquires its innermost and universal meaning in the eponymous novella, which demonstrates the culmination of his creative eloquence. It is a work that invites the critical reader to undergo a remarkable hermeneutic journey into a world which is under the gravity force of powerful insights and word gestures.
EN
Since 1989 (the fall of Communism) the performing arts in Bulgaria have suffered a long process of transition dominated by a certain dialectic tension between the necessity to meet economic needs and the desire to open new venues for dramatic art. Against this background and contributing its own perceptive “reading” of Heart of Darkness to Conrad’s Bulgarian reception, on the eve of the vigorous celebration of his 160th anniversary in 2017, stage director Valeria Valcheva’s theatrical adaptation represents a remarkable debut rendition of Conrad’s fiction. The aim of this article is to explore how her idiosyncratic, creative, poetically recognizable approach lends a new form to Conrad’s recurrent relocation in modern and contemporary Bulgarian art.
RU
Георги Господинов е един от найчесто превежданите български писатели след 1989 г. Рецепцията му в Полша бележи успех, който според неговата преводачка и изследователка Магда Питляк показва промяна в полската рецепция на българската литература. Два от посочените показатели на успеха са литературните награди и реномираното издателство, в което излиза “Физика на тъгата” през 2018 г. Настоящата статия проследява в хронологичен ред развоя на полската рецепция на творчеството на Георги Господинов, като взема под внимание различните видове публикации на творчеството на Господинов (в пресата, в антологии и в книжни издания), ролята на преводачите и интерпретаторите, на срещите с писателя и медийните отражения. Един от елементите в неговата визитна картичка е приятелството с Олга Токарчук, този факт се коментира в контекста на възможността авторът да получи Нобелова награда за литература.
EN
Georgi Gospodinov is one of the most translated Bulgarian writers after 1989. Magda Pytlak points to the change in the reception of Bulgarian literature in Poland using two indicators of his success - literary awards and a renowned publishing house which published The Physics of Sorrow in 2018. The article presents the reception of Georgi Gospodinov’s work in Poland in chronological order and takes into account various genres of Gospodinov’s work (in the press, in anthologies, and as separate books), the role of his translators, the writer’s public appearances and their press reception. One of the elements of his showcase in Poland is his friendship with Olga Tokarczuk, regarded as an aspiration for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
PL
Georgi Gospodinow to jeden z najczęściej tłumaczonych pisarzy bułgarskich po 1989 roku. Magda Pytlak wskazuje zmianę polskiej recepcji literatury bułgarskiej poprzez dwa ze wskaźników jego sukcesu - to nagrody literackie i renomowane wydawnictwo, w którym wychodzi „Fizyka smutku” w 2018 r. W artykule przedstawia się recepcję twórczości Georgiego Gospodinowa w Polsce w ujęciu chronologicznym i bierze pod uwagę różne gatunki twórczości Gospodinowa (publikowane w prasie, w antologiach i wydania książkowe), rolę tłumaczy, spotkania autorskie z pisarzem, ich odbicia w prasie. Jednym z elementów jego wizytówki w Polsce jest przyjaźń z Olgą Tokarczuk, komentowana jako pozycja do Literackiej Nagrody Nobla.
PL
This article examines the trends in Bulgarian critical appraisals of Conrad’s writing and the transformations they have undergone over the last hundred years. Though few in number, these appraisals are nevertheless profound and perceptive, keeping in focus the most essential messages of Conrad’s works, as well as the facts of the author’s remarkable life. The scope of these critical endeavours has long been of a rather limited nature, but in some of the articles there has definitely been a noticeable trend towards a monographic approach. The growing fascination with Conrad in Bulgaria became particularly evident during the celebrations to mark the 150th anniversary of the writer’s birth. The Polish Institute in Sofia contributed significantly to this event, organizing university lectures and film projections – not only in the capital, but also in other parts of the country. In addition, the Warsaw 150th anniversary exhibition entitled “Twixt land and sea” was invited to Sofia (the co-author of the present article being one of those who took part in the opening ceremony). This heightened interest in Conrad – the man and the writer – is partly the result of current trends towards intensive cultural interaction and also a growing fascination with migrant writers coming from multicultural backgrounds. It may well be that these recent developments have contributed to the publication of two monographs on Conrad: Stefana Roussenova’s comparative study entitled Dialogues in Exile: Joseph Conrad, Vladimir Nabokov, Eva Hoffman (2010) – which addresses the problems of exile and migration in some of Conrad’s works – and Margreta Grigorova’s monograph entitled Joseph Conrad – the Creator as Seafarer (2011), which not only reviews the seminal achievements that have contributed to the expansion of Conrad studies in Bulgaria, but also builds on them and takes them to completion.
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