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Introduction. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common disease with the highest prevalence in North America. Up to 40% of patients report persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms despite proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy. Aim. The aim of this article is to complete discuss the GERD characterized by heartburn and/or regurgitation symptoms. Material and methods. We discuss here the evidence for medical therapy for PPI nonresponsive GERD. Analysis of the literature. GERD may present with a variety of other symptoms, including water brash, chest pain or discomfort, dysphagia, belching, epigastric pain, nausea, and bloating. In addition, patients may experience extraesophageal symptoms like cough, hoarseness, throat clearing, throat pain or burning, wheezing, and sleep disturbances. Conclusion. There has been an increase in GERD prevalence. GERD is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders managed by gastroenterologists and primary care physicians.
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Introduction. There is a need to develop a new imaging technique in medicine. Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine focused on the digestive system and its disorders therefore for this branch is needed to detect all problems affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Aim. The aim of this article is to complete discuss the possibility of the new fluorescent imaging technics in gastrology to use innovative screening to identify individuals at an early stage. Material and methods. We discuss here imaging techniques such as include x-rays, computed tomography, scans, and magnetic resonance imaging in gastrology. Spectroscopy is the study of the formation and interpretation of spectra resulting from the interaction of all types of radiation on matter understood as a community of atoms and molecules. Various spectroscopic techniques are obtained by combining different types of radiation with different ways of its interaction with the test sample. They provide the opportunity to obtain detailed information about the tested substance – from its atomic composition, through its chemical structure, to its surface structure. Analysis of the literatue. The tissue fluorescence spectrum can be obtained by: (1) autofluorescence, or natural or primary fluorescence, i.e. by direct irradiation of the tissue with laser radiation (laser-induced fluorescence – LIF) and (2) photodynamic diagnosis (PDD), where spectrum analysis is preceded by systemic or local administration of the photosensitizer. Conclusion. The use of fluorescence imaging in colon cancer patient has potential to improve quality of treatment and diagnosis.
EN
Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first observed in China in Wuhan city, Hubei province in December, 2019, and specified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV2). Aim. The aim of this article is to discuss epidemiology of thromboembolic complication in COVID-19. Material and methods. This article is a review done in regards to discuss clinical features of the anticoagulation treatment in COVID-19. Analysis of the literature. A review is discussed an anticoagulation treatment in 41 manuscripts. Conclusion. Most commonly coagulation abnormalities in patient with COVID-19 is mild thrombocytopenia. Apart from their typical role in thrombosis and hemostasis, platelets mediate key aspects of immune and inflammatory.
EN
Introduction. Colorectal cancer may be benign or malignant. According to the World Health Organization and CDC, it is the second most common cancer worldwide, after lung cancer. The mortality of colorectal cancer has been dropping for more than 20 years due to the improvements in screening techniques and treatments. Aim. The aim of this article is to discuss the role of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer. Material and methods. This article is a review done in regards to discuss the role of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer. Analysis of the literature. A review is discussed the role of new biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of colon cancer using current literature. Conclusion. The screening tests based on diagnostic new biomarkers may cause faster detection of cancer and risk factors, and provide prognostic information in order to adjust individual therapy.
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