Heretofore conservation of cultural legacy monuments was concentrated predominantly on the protection of their material stratum. Non-material, extramaterial, and absent legacy was not guaranteed proper attention despite the fact that its co-existence was noticed. Consequently, many monuments and sites became deformed and even deprived of this type of heritage. Upon the threshold of the twenty first century, the ability to define and protect the cultural qualities of the non-material legacy, conceived as tradition, custom, cultural space, as well as extra-material legacy, in which sensitivity to colour, scent, sound, and texture of material is a factor that characterises both the object itself and historical space; it is decisive for the new quality of the protection of cultural legacy. In a wider range, analyses and protection are due to absent heritage, i.e. the sort which had been liquidated as a result of wars or for other reasons. The process of rendering this type of legacy indelible in social consciousness compels us to seek suitable forms of its expression and presentation. A complex approach in the protection of the material and extra-material aspects of cultural legacy will generate a new quality which, presumably, will speak to the contemporary recipient more comprehensively.
This article aims to reconstruct the functioning of political parties that was present during the establishment of the foundations of the democratic system and political practice, from the “Velvet Revolution” to the creation of a competitive party system with a dominant political party – Movement for Democratic Slovakia (HZDS) set up by Vladimir Mečiar; who served as prime minister in the years 1993–1998 (including a hiatus in 1994) greatly affecting the state internal and international policy, and held the post of the sole chairman of the party until its dissolution. V. Mečiar’s rule was marked by the interweaving of the elements of the wave of democratization with the reverse wave of de-democratization. The pro-democratic and undemocratic tendencies displayed by Mečiar were determined – apart from objective factors – by the personality traits of the prime minister: his commanding and charismatic leadership style, authoritarianism, making public decisions in a ruthless manner devoid of impartiality, or violations of democratic norms and values. Apart from its scientific purpose, this article may also fulfil a practical function allowing the possibility of using the research findings in social practice/politics.
Programy rewitalizacji, realizowane w obrębie Dolnego Miasta i Oruni w Gdańsku potwierdzają ważną rolę systemu zarządzania lokalną tożsamością w wyprowadzaniu obszaru degradowanego z sytuacji kryzysowej. Opierają się one na budowie marki i przewagi konkurencyjnej dzielnicy w skali miasta, regionu, a nawet kraju, opartych na istniejących, choć często ukrytych lub niedocenianych, lokalnych zasobach materialnych i niematerialnych. Przykłady Partnerstwa Dolne Miasto Otwarte oraz działań inwestycyjnych i społecznych podejmowanych na Oruni pokazują, że umiejętny wybór haseł przewodnich rewitalizacji stanowi podstawę stworzenia oferty efektywnej współpracy sektora publicznego z organizacjami pozarządowymi i podmiotami biznesowymi. Partnerski model rewitalizacji okazuje się kluczowy w sytuacji niewielkich lub zmniejszającychsię środków finansowych, pochodzących z budżetu samorządu lokalnego lub instytucji zewnętrznych.
EN
The revitalization programmes conducted on the areas of Dolne Miasto and Orunia in Gdańsk confirm an important role of the local identity management system in overcoming crisis situations on degraded areas. The programmes are based on the borough brand building and the borough’s competitive edge on the background of the whole city, region, and even the country, based on the existing, although often concealed or underappreciated, local tangible and intangible assets. The examples of the Open Dolne Miasto Partnership and the capital investment and social activities implemented in Orunia indicate that a skilful selection of lead revitalization slogans creates a foundation for an offer of effective co-operation among the public sector, non-government organizations, and business entities. The partnership model of revitalization turns out to be of key importance in the situation of small or shrinking financial resources assigned either by the local government or external institutions.
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