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Preface

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EN
Dear Readers, I have the pleasure of presenting to you the second issue of the research journal entitled “Research Papers in Economics and Finance” (REF), published by the Faculty of Economics at Poznań University of Economics and Business.  The first and the second paper were presented during the 10thEnvironmental PhD Candidates’ Conference “Economy. Technology. Society.” (GTS), organised by the Heads of Doctoral Studies together with the PhD Council of the Poznań University of Economics and Business. Five research papers were published in this issue of the journal. The first one focuses on changes in the employment structure caused by the development of automation technologies. The second article presents the role of the social responsibility of the state in shaping the reputation of the largest donors of official development assistance. The third article describes the theoretical background of motivation and market statistics of distressed investments on global mergers and the acquisitions market. Another article focuses onthe efficiency of the R&D sector in the European Union countries. The final article presents the interactions between tax sheltering and other instruments of fiscal policy in Nigeria. Yours faithfully, Katarzyna Woźniak, M.Sc. – Chair of the PhD Council PUEB  
RU
The stake in a heated discussion on reviving tarantism in the Salentian culture by initiators and partcicipants of the project ‘The spider of a dancing god’ was the reinterpretation of the phenomenon itself: tarantism, which was perceived as a thing of the past and an embarrassing social problem, was to become artistically modified, namely isolated from life and displayed on stage. Rejecting tarantism as a folk practice and an attempt at representing it could also be interpreted as turning a blind eye to the problem of a woman’s position in society, without proposing anything in turn. Technological and social progress did not go hand in hand with the emancipation of an Italian woman. Luigi Piradnello in his drama, and Franka Rame in her monodrama captured this phenomenon brilliantly.
EN
The author aims to outline the dramatic work of the Italian director Pippo Delbon as establishing a theater of agon. From the state of research, she analyzes the staging of Pietro Mascagni’s Cavalleria rusticana and formulates the theory of Delbonos’s theater of agon based on M. de Certeau’s and W. Świątkowska’s papers and the theories of dramaturgy of Anna Krajewska and Dariusz Kosiński.
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Pirandello jako widz zawodowy

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Pirandello as professional spectator Abstract Luigio Pirandello’s drama were unfailingly popular with Polish directors between the beginningof the 1960s until the 1970s. Native creators have undertaken dramas from differentperiods of the Nobelist’s output and covering various topics – bourgeois comedy to metatheatricalworks. Most probably those do not include all that were staged then.It appears that an increased interest in the author is to be connected with the 25th anniversaryof his death, as is suggested by Mieczysław Brahmer in the 1961 Tak jest, jak się państwu zdaje(directed by Zofia Wiercińska).The fact that both then and now critics and researchers in the majority of cases assumed, notnecessarily consciously, they are writing about an artist that is mainly a writer and only thena critic of stage productions of his dramas and a stage producer for his own texts is significant.As a consequence they focused mainly on deconstructing the “pirandellism” condemned byBrahmer, in particular on its canonical interpretation by Adrian Tilgher. Therefore, the followingquestion comes to mind: what kind of interpretations are possible when Pirandello’sworks (especially the first part of the so-called trilogy of “theatre in a theatre” which consistsof Six Characters in Search of an Author, Each In His Own Way and Tonight We Improvise) areconsidered from the perspective of purpose, that is individual theatrical activity of Pirandelloas a co-founder, principal and stage producer of Teatro D’Arte in Rome (in operation between1924 and 1928). The present article attempts at showing the possible direction of a search foran answer to said question with the starting point being the 1962 production of Sześć postaciscenicznych w poszukiwaniu autora (Six Characters in Search of an Author) directed by MariaWiercińska in Stefan Jaracz Theatre in Łódź. Keywords: Pirandello in Poland, Maria Wiercińska, first theatre directors in Italy
PL
The aim of the article is to present and evaluate the main activities that support the education of immigrant children in Poland and in selected European countries as well as to compare the models of integration in the field of the education of immigrant children in respective countries.The article uses the following methods: critical analysis of the literature and deductive reasoning techniques. The paper consists of three parts. The first part presents the role of education in integration policy and the objectives of the main models of integration in the area of the education of immigrant children. The second part presents legal regulations and key data relevant to immigrant children in Polish schools. The third part of the article presents integration models in European countries and compares the models of integration in Poland and in other European countries. The research hypothesis is the following: education of immigrant children as an important aspect of the policy of integration is characterised by diversified activities in respective European countries.
EN
The aim of the article is to present and evaluate the main activities that support the education of immigrant children in Poland and in selected European countries as well as to compare the models of integration in the field of the education of immigrant children in respective countries. The article uses the following methods: critical analysis of the literature and deductive reasoning techniques. The paper consists of three parts. The first part presents the role of education in integration policy and the objectives of the main models of integration in the area of the education of immigrant children. The second part presents legal regulations and key data relevant to immigrant children in Polish schools. The third part of the article presents integration models in European countries and compares the models of integration in Poland and in other European countries. The research hypothesis is the following: education of immigrant children as an important aspect of the policy of integration is characterised by diversified activities in respective European countries.
EN
The aim of the study is to present the phenomenon of population migration and migration policy as part of the state’s economic policy based on the example of OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries, with particular emphasis on the area of migration policy, which is border control and related illegal migration. The temporal scope of the empirical analysis covers the period 1990-2016. The article consists of four main parts. The discussion began with a presentation of the balance of migration, the scale and dynamics of population immigration in OECD countries. Furthermore, the significance, areas and process of shaping migration policy as a part of the economic policy of the country are presented. Then, it focused on the migration policy in the area of border control in OECD countries. The discussion was crowned with the conclusions that followed.
EN
At the beginning of 1965 Jerzy Grotowski and The Theatre of 13 Rows were forced to transfer their headquarters from Wrocław to Opole. One of the most difficult periods in the history of the company coincided with the resounding success of The Constant Prince, based on Julius Slowacki’s translation of Calderon’s play. In under two years this production brought him fame and a reputation as one of the most important artists of the contemporary theatre. Until the introduction of martial law in Poland in December 1981 and the exile of Grotowski first to the United States, then to Italy, Wrocław became a witness to the most important artistic works of Grotowski and the profound changes in his artistic practice: from the theatre, through the paratheatre, to his activities in the Theatre of Sources.
PL
In the 1980’s young artists of Italian theatre begin to work on restoring the communicationbetween the stage and the audience and giving the theatre a new meaning, as its decline becomesa point of discussion. In time, their attention goes to story telling, and it is artists themselveswho become story tellers.We believe that it is not by accident that the revival of narration theatre starts exactly atthat time. A post-modernist man, who perceives his own identity as disorganized set of fragments,needs a tool that would allow him to put himself together. That tool, as A. Giddens,S. Hall or P. Ricoeur state, is narration (Ricoeur talks about “narrative identity”). Narrationtheatre meets this human need by means of travel and laboratory method which teaches selfexpressionin relation with another person. (The term “teatro di narrazone” is translated into“narration theatre”, rather than “storyteller’s theatre”, to emphasize the relation of narrationtheatre with the theory of narrative identity.)Apart from this individual dimension, narration theatre has also a group dimension. Newnarrators – Teatro Laboratorio Settimo or M. Paolini – on one hand become living archives ofthe history of societies in which they work, and cultures in which they grew up; but on theother hand by active involvement of the audience in the artistic process they contribute to thecreation of new communities, based on the consciousness of the same past and connecting allof its members.
EN
Genetic polymorphism is associated with the occurrence of at least 2 different alleles in the locus with a frequency higher than 1% in the population. Among polymorphisms we can find single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and polymorphism of variable number of tandem repeats. The presence of certain polymorphisms in genes encoding DNA repair enzymes is associated with the speed and efficiency of DNA repair and can protect or expose humans to the effects provoked by xenobiotics. Chemicals, such as lead, arsenic pesticides are considered to exhibit strong toxicity. There are many different polymorphisms in genes encoding DNA repair enzymes, which determine the speed and efficiency of DNA damage repair induced by these xenobiotics. In the case of lead, the influence of various polymorphisms, such as APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1) (rs1130409), hOGG1 (human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase) (rs1052133), XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein group 1) (rs25487), XRCC1 (rs1799782) and XRCC3 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein group 3) (rs861539) were described. For arsenic polymorphisms, such as ERCC2 (excision repair cross-complementing) (rs13181), XRCC3 (rs861539), APE1 (rs1130409) and hOGG1 (rs1052133) were examined. As to pesticides, separate and combined effects of polymorphisms in genes encoding DNA repair enzymes, such as XRCC1 (rs1799782), hOGG1 (rs1052133), XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein group 4) (rs28360135) and the gene encoding the detoxification enzyme PON1 paraoxonase (rs662) were reported. Med Pr 2018;69(2):225–235
PL
Polimorfizm genetyczny wiąże się z występowaniem w populacji co najmniej 2 różnych alleli w danym locus z częstością większą niż 1%. Wyróżniamy m.in. polimorfizm pojedynczego nukleotydu (single nucleotide polymorphism – SNP) i polimorfizm zmiennej liczby powtórzeń tandemowych. Występowanie określonych polimorfizmów w genach kodujących enzymy naprawy DNA jest związane z szybkością i wydajnością naprawy DNA oraz może chronić lub narażać daną osobę na skutki działania określonego ksenobiotyku. Związki chemiczne takie, jak ołów, arsen i pestycydy odznaczają się dużą toksycznością. Opisano wiele różnych polimorfizmów genów kodujących enzymy naprawy DNA, które mają wpływ na skuteczność naprawy uszkodzeń DNA indukowanych przez te ksenobiotyki. W przypadku ołowiu zbadano wpływ polimorfizmów genów: APE1 (apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 – endonukleaza miejsca apurynowego/apirymidynowego) (rs1130409), hOGG1 (human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase – glikozylaza 8-oksyguaniny) (rs1052133), XRCC1 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein group 1 – białko biorące udział w naprawie DNA przez wycinanie zasad) (rs25487), XRCC1 (rs1799782) oraz XRCC3 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein group 3 – białko biorące udział w naprawie DNA przez rekombinację homologiczną) (rs861539). Dla arsenu przedstawiono w niniejszej pracy wyniki badań dotyczących następujących polimorfizmów: ERCC2 (excision repair cross-complementing – białko biorące udział w naprawie DNA przez wycinanie nukleotydów) (rs13181), XRCC3 (rs861539), APE1 (rs1130409) oraz hOGG1 (rs1052133). W odniesieniu do pestycydów w pracy przedstawiono zarówno osobny, jak i łączny wpływ polimorfizmów genów takich, jak XRCC1 (rs1799782), hOGG1 (rs1052133), XRCC4 (X-ray repair cross-complementing protein group 4 – białko biorące udział w naprawie DNA przez łączenie końców niehomologicznych) (rs28360135) i genu kodującego enzym detoksykacyjny paraoksonazę PON1 (paraoxonase 1) (rs662). Med. Pr. 2018;69(2):225–235
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Celem rozważań jest ukazanie zmian w wielkości i strukturze produkcji oraz eksporcie i spożyciu soków i nektarów owocowych w Polsce w latach 2000-2011. Materiał badawczy stanowiły dane statystyczne z publikacji Instytutu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej-PIB: Analizy Rynkowe – Rynek Owoców i Warzyw, stan i perspektywy, za lata 2000-2011. W badanym okresie wzrosła produkcja przetworów owocowych (o 34,4%), w tym soków i nektarów owocowych (o 44,4%). Najszybciej wzrastała produkcja napojów i nektarów owocowych, spadała zaś produkcja soku jabłkowego i z owoców cytrusowych, kosztem wzrostu importu tych produktów.
EN
The objective of deliberations is to indicate changes in the volume and structure of production, exports and consumption of fruit juices and nectars in Poland in 2000-2011. The research material was the statistical data from publications of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, National Research Institute: Market Analyses. The Market for Fruit and Vegetables: State and Perspectives, for the years 2000-2011. In the period in question, there increased production of processed fruit (by 34.4%), including fruit juices and nectars (by 44.4%). The most quickly was growing production of fruit drinks and nectars, whereas there was decreasing production of apple juice and juice made of citrus fruits at the expense of growth of imports of those products.
RU
Цель рассуждений – указать изменения в объеме и структуре производства, в экспорте и в потреблении фруктовых соков и нектаров в Польше в 2000-2011 гг. Исследовательский материал представляли собой статистические данные из публикаций Института экономики сельского и пищевого хозяйства, Государственного исследовательского института, «Рыночные анализы. Рынок фруктов и овощей: состояние и перспективы», за 2000-2011 гг. В исследуемом периоде увеличилось производство продуктов переработки фруктов (на 34,4%), в том числе фруктовых соков и нектаров (на 44,4%). Быстрее всего возрастало производство фруктовых напитков и нектаров, снижалось же производство яблочного сока и сока из цитрусовых фруктов за счет увеличения импорта этих продуктов.
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