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1

Application of Petrographical Comparative Analysis in Dating of Spatial Development of the Wlen Castle

100%
Busko C., Michniewicz J.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2006
|
vol. 54
183-211
EN
The paper aims to present the results of petrographic and chemical analysis of mortars revealed during the archaeological investigation at the Wlen Castle. The castle was erected and then developed from the early Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Some restoration works were carried out at the castle ruins as well at the end of the 19th century. The objective of the analysis was to establish the chronological differences between individual parts of the castle and to reconstruct approximate mortar formulas necessary in restoration. Microscopic methods, granulometric analysis and chemical analysis were used in the investigation. The achieved results allowed to correlate 55 from 80 taken mortar samples, which were ascribed to six groups diversified with respect to the petrographic composition of the aggregate. Moreover six sub-groups were distinguished on the basis of the differences in the carbonate binder content, colour, texture and mechanical properties. The mortars at the Wlen Castle are mostly lime and sometimes clay-sand-lime materials. The reconstructed formulas showed particular dissimilarity of the mortars taken from the walls of a Romanesque church displaying a higher amount of used lime.
2

CHANGES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF KRAKOW'S 'GRÓDEK' IN THE LIGHT OF EXCAVATIONS AT 7 SWIETEGO KRZYZA

81%
Busko C., Niegoda J., Szmoniewski B. S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2005
|
vol. 57
585-603
EN
The results of excavations led on Gródek site in Kraków and reconstruction of the sequence of building phases on this area since the Early Mediaeval to the modern times are presented. They cover methodical rescue excavations, including complete drawing, photo and description record, leading to the computer (virtual) reconstruction of sequence of the building phases. Four main building phases were distinguished on the investigated area on the Gródek site. The oldest phase (I) is dated to the end of 12th and to the first part of the 13th century. The II phase - divided into two sub-phases (IIa and IIb) - is dated to the period between the mid of 13th and forties of 14th century. The III phase comprises the 14th and 15th centuries. The last, destroyed (IV) phase is dated to the period between 16th and 18th centuries. During the excavations 41 stratification units were explored. Numerous artifacts, including imports were excavated. Traces of the settlement relics older then 12th century were not uncovered. Changes in the spatial arrangement of dwellings were recorded after the foundation of Krakow city (on the base of Magdeburg law). Traces of fire, which destroyed building structures of the II phase, were also recorded. This fire was probably connected with Tatar's invasion or with the revolt of Albert, the Chief of Krakow settlers, who lived just at Gródek.
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