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THE LAW AND THE LANGUAGE IN THE PHILOSOPHY OF THOMAS HOBBES AND H. L. A. HART

100%
Doliwa K.
Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric
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2009
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issue 15(28)
199-209
EN
The aim of the study is to compare T. Hobbes' and H. L. A. Hart's remarks concerning theories of language and the emphasis of the role of linguistic questions in the ideological systems of the two philosophers, demonstrating that their views on the language are considerably related to considerations concerning the law.
2
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Tomasza Hobbesa koncepcja prawa a współczesny „miękki” pozytywizm prawniczy

100%
Doliwa K.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2015
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vol. 27/t.t.
271-283
EN
Thomas Hobbes is an early precursor of legal positivism, a system which achieved full shape only in the nineteenth century. Mature positivism was fully self-sufficient, not looking for justification other than itself, and any gaps in the law were resolved on the basis of analogy and references to the principles of a higher order. A classical positivist consistently defended the thesis of a clear separation of law and moral systems. Unlike his orthodox nineteenth-century successors, Hobbes sought reasons for the positive law in the laws of reason, which he called laws of nature. When formed by a creative human effort, positive law fails, in an unusual case the judge can, according to Hobbes, refer to laws of nature. The political-legal system of Hobbes differed markedly from the classical positivism. It has an affinity with one of his today’s version, called “soft” positivism, which admits that there are certain significant relationships between law and morality systems. Especially close to Hobbesian theory is Hart’s concept concerning “minimum content of natural law”, formulated by analyzing human nature and man’s place in society. The legal system of Hobbes and Hart’s ideas arise from the same deep utilitarian grounds.
3

Stanowiska antyformalistyczne w prawie a otwarta struktura pojęć prawnych

100%
Doliwa K.
Przegląd Legislacyjny
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2016
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issue PL 4(98)
9-20
EN
The aim of the article is to present the above-captioned concepts from the field of the theory and philosophy of law which polemicize with a certain widespread model of application of law. Legal intellectuals mentioned in the text are the proponents of the anti-formalist doctrine in the law; they oppose the practice which focuses strictly solely on the content of the legal text, regardless of the specific context of the case or the achieved results, and as such are sometimes inconsistent with the principles of justice or equity. They also put special emphasis on the social goals, strategies and values that the law should pursue and postulate the approximation of law to the needs of real life. The text aims at presenting the ideological affinity between the concepts of the nineteenth century opponents of formalism and thoughts of the contemporary opponents of this trend.
4
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On Law – From the Perspective of Philosophy and in Reference to the Constitutional Concept – Herbert L.A. Hart’s Defense of Utilitarianism

100%
Doliwa K.
Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego
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2019
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issue 6 (52)
445-458
EN
The article aims at reconstructing the defense of utilitarianism, a philosophical doctrine being the basis for legal positivism (which is the foundation of the constitutional concept of sources of law), undertaken by H.L.A. Hart. Hart took up this defense in the face of a significant increase in the interest of legal theorists in concepts related to natural law. Discussing the views of his master, J. Bentham, Hart also expresses his own deep doubts about the ideology of natural law, the adoption of which leads to the rejection of legal positivism deeply rooted in utilitarianism. Presented more than four decades ago, Hart’s remarks remain relevant today; modern thinkers still search an appropriate, other than referring to natural law, philosophical justification for a specific code of fundamental human rights.
PL
Celem artykułu jest rekonstrukcja podjętej przez H.L.A. Harta obrony utylitaryzmu, doktryny filozoficznej będącej gruntem dla pozytywizmu prawniczego, który jest fundamentem konstytucyjnej koncepcji źródeł prawa. Obrony tej podjął się Hart w obliczu znaczącego wzrostu zainteresowania teoretyków prawa koncepcjami nawiązującymi do prawa natury. Omawiając poglądy swego mistrza, J. Benthama, Hart wyraża też własne, głębokie wątpliwości dotyczące ideologii praw naturalnych, której przyjęcie prowadzi do odrzucenia głęboko ugruntowanego w utylitaryzmie pozytywizmu prawniczego. Uwagi Harta sprzed ponad czterech dekad nie tracą dziś na aktualności, współcześni myśliciele wciąż szukają odpowiedniego, innego niż nawiązujące do prawa natury, filozoficznego uzasadnienia dla swoistego kodeksu podstawowych ludzkich praw.
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