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PL
W przyczynku omawiane są niektóre aspekty kulturowe i wydarzenia polityczne, jakie niewątpliwie mają wpływ na formę nazw własnych różnych kategorii. W przypadku imion zwraca się uwagę na różne motywacje, jakimi kierowano się przy ich wyborze w okresie przed i po przyjęciu chrześcijaństwa. W kategorii nazwisk wskazano na dominującą w Polsce pozycję nazwisk z suf. -ski, na co niewątpliwie wpływ miała uważana za wyższą kultura szlachecka. Natomiast status osobowych nazw własnych kobiet powiązano z ich sytuacją prawną w ówczesnej rzeczywistości. Omówiono też późniejszy wpływ wydarzeń politycznych na wszystkie kategorie nazw własnych.
EN
The article discusses some cultural aspects and political developments that doubtlessly influence forms of proper names belonging to various name categories. In the case of first names the focus is put on various motivations for name choices made in the periods before and after Christianization. As far as the category of surnames is concerned, it is emphasized that surnames ending with the suffix -ski enjoy a dominant position in Poland, which was certainly caused by the nobility culture perceived as superior. On the other hand, the status of feminine personal names is discussed in connection with women’s legal situation in those times. The influence of later political developments on all categories of proper names is addressed as well. The article aims to draw readers’ attention to how political and social changes, as well as tradition impact the structure of the onymic system in the Polish language
EN
Warmia and Mazuria are lands where ethnic population totally changed twice through the centuries. Till the end of the 18th century, anthroponymy featured solely in scarce monographs and minor articles. Personal names appearing in the individual bailiwicks chiefly reflect diversified influence of Polish and German anthro-ponymy. Population changes after World War II also resulted in a replacement of surname types appearing in those regions. At that time one could observe a major influence – due to non-linguistic reasons – of personal names of East Slavic origin which can be clearly seen both in the stems and in the morphological exponents of these names.
EN
The author focuses on the most important phonetic phenomena related to the vocalic and consonantal system and on lexical phenomena, including the influence of the German language and the Old Prussian language described by professor K. Nitsch in the early 20th century in his works on the vernaculars of the then East Prussia. Special attention has been drawn to the crystallization of the professor’s views regarding the relationship between the language and the colonisation of those lands since the 14th century, as well as to the evidence of the Polish origin of today’s Warmia and Masuria’s vernaculars. The subsequent colonisation waves from the Dobrzyń and Chełmno regions and from northern Mazovia, coupled with changing conditions and political boundaries, have led to the formation of contemporary dialectal subgroups in the area: non-masurianising Lubawa-Warmia vernaculars and masurianising Mazovian vernaculars.
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