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Josepha Maréchala badania nad psychologią doświadczenia mistycznego a problem empirycznego determinizmu

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Bańka A.
Folia Philosophica
|
2014
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vol. 32
PL
The paper deals with the issue of the studies on mystical experience led in first half of 20th century by Joseph Maréchal, Belgian philosopher and the creator of transcendental Thomism. His most important work in this area is "Studies in psychology of mystics" ("Études sur la Psychologie des Mystiques"), first volume of which was published in 1924. Maréchal’s research, apart from the attempt made to specify the nature of mystical experience on the basis of the concept of the dynamic purpose of intellect and on the problem of so-called sense of presence, concerned also some methodological issues. Making use of his background in biology and psychology, Maréchal focused on the question of the possibility of applying the methods of empirical sciences in psychology of mystical experience. This was first of all aimed at application of those methods to analysing both special phenomenon related to mystical experience and its essential hidden depth. This paper aims at showing how Maréchal, using the tools of philosophers, evaluates the possibility of using scientific methods to study phenomenological and criticises some deterministic presuppositions underlying those methods.
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Antropologiczno-egzystencjalne podstawy Josepha Maréchala studiów nad mistyką

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Bańka A.
Folia Philosophica
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2013
|
vol. 31
PL
The paper aims at revealing theoretical basis of studies in mysticism conducted by Belgian Jesuit Joseph Maréchal. It is focused on the key issue of unification of man and God. This problem has its precisely defined, anthropological and existential context which in Maréchal’s work comes down to the question on the nature of the substantial centre of the soul in which this unification shall take place. The paper argues that in Maréchal’s analysis the centre of the soul, or substantial ego, equates with the possible intellect and in some cases it might be taken as not only the ontic basis for acts of cognition, but also for mystical phenomena.
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Jean Paul Sartre i Karl Rahner w egzystencjalnym sporze o naturę wolności

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Bańka A.
Studia Pastoralne
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2016
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vol. 12
220-244
EN
The first half of the eighties of the twentieth century is associated in history with the death of two great figures of contemporary philosophy and theology: Jean Paul Sartre – a leading representative of French existentialism and Karl Rahner – the author of transcendentally oriented existential theology. Both thinkers exerted a huge influence on the philosophical and theological reflection of their era. Taking as their starting point the necessity of the human freedom, they come to the different conclusions about the nature of man, the status of the subjectivity and the meaning of human destiny. Sartre joined the absurdity of freedom with nothingness and awe. Rahner saw in it a gift of hope and revelation of the Absolute. How could they come to such different conclusions? What made, that despite a similar starting point, their understanding of freedom is so different? This article reconstructs and compares the main lines of reasoning of both thinkers. It also attempts to answer, what is the reason of their different approach to the problem of freedom.
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Wiara w porządku ratio

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Bańka A.
Studia Pastoralne
|
2013
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vol. 9
13-32
EN
When in 1977, in a book entitled At the root of modern atheism, French philosopher Marcel Neusch formulated the thesis about the coming of postatheistc age, he probably did not think, that at the beginning of the twenty-first century, atheistic thought reborn in the form of a so-called „newatheism”.„newatheism”.new atheism”. Its main representatives: Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, Daniel C. Dennett and Sam Harris, takingtaking the position of scientific scientism, attack with a renewed vigor not only all forms of  religion, but also skepticism, relativism and epistemological agnosticism. Their main efforts focus on trying to argue that all faith is an act completely irrational, and the non-existence of God can be confirmed by scientific methods. This article is a polemic with the main theses of the new atheists. It shows the actual place of faith in theorderofthe order of ratio and discusses the problem of possibility of proving the existence or the non-existence of God.
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