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EN
Leszek Szaruga’s novel is built by two interweaving narrative sequences which may be arbitrarily called photographic and historical ones. Photography and history function here through literature, in a closed off and finite semiotic system – constituted by a novel. It is literature which establishes the scope of reference for them. A photograph here is repeatedly a part of somebody’s story (by inscribing itself into the anthology of private narratives), while a story is somebody’s “photograph” (by inscribing itself into the album taken from history archives). Historic qualities of photography and, conversely, photographic ones of history determine each other mutually. A photograph presenting starving people in Africa triggers a character’s reflection, whereas co-existence of beauty and terror in a photograph makes him embark on a number of actions: photographing the photograph, or optical enlarging of its details. This, in turn, seems to constitute a kind of simulation of participating in the presented events which indicates taking up a hermeneutical game with reality. 20th century history of Poland, viewed from a perspective of the 1990s, is being written out for a set of life histories of people who represent different generations, thus forming a historic narrative chain in the novel. The novel’s polylogue on historical topics, as well as reflection revealed by the character under the influence of the viewed photograph create a dynamic anthropological project based on an assumption that being outside history is utopia, while existence means activeness, consciousness, and responsibility.
EN
In the semantic field of a ̒sandpit’, as a comprehensively enclosing human existence metaphor are contained two directions of constructing the relation of analogies, based on the scale (“sandpit is the world”; “world is the sandpit”) and two mentally-cognitive structures, which are brief and mobile micro-descriptions of reality (“hourglass”; “trap”) The newest poetry (poems of Dariusz Suska, Przemysław Dakowicz, Adrian Gleń, Krystyna Lars, Leszek Szaruga) refers to the “hourglass of sandpit”, emphasising tem-poral dimension of existence. Modern drama, including Michał Walczak’s play, without sacrificing the potential of the “hourglass”, uses spatial and incidental features of a “trap of sandpit”, informing about temporary or permanent oppression, possibilities and limitations of body, sex, age.
EN
In the twenty-first century, Polish children’s literature incorporates the migration discourse. Migration is presented primarily as a current experience of speech and communication, which is a form of updating children’s experiences and different situations. In contrast, heterochrony, hybridity of migratory phenomena, as well as the memory of native culture (referring to collective memory) are revealed in the experience of adults and affect the generational dimension of the change of place (by choice or under duress). The article presents selected works for children about migration as (1) a universal problem expressed through selected elements of fairy tales (Jarosław Mikołajewski’s Wędrówka Nabu [The Journey of Nabu’s]); (2) the (small) saga of the family (Barbara Gawryluk’s Tu teraz będzie nasz dom [Here will be our home now]); (3) representation of cultural differences (including gender as a cultural construct), which is the basis of the biographical story (Renata Piątkowska’s Która to Malala? [Which one is Malala?]). In each of these works, an important role is played by the literary genre, which specifies the way of presenting the child as a medium of migration.
PL
Naukowe teksty pomieszczone w publikacji „Książę Józef Poniatowski w kulturze i edukacji” składają się na wielowymiarowy portret członka rodziny królewskiej. Odsłaniają różne mechanizmy kreowania osoby w kontekstach literackich, społecznych, edukacyjnych, medioznawczych, historycznych, geograficznych. Dowodzą, że w społecznym odbiorze Józef Poniatowski nadal jest postrzegany jako bohater kodyfikujący wyobraźnię narodową, a kontrowersje wokół jego życia i śmierci, jego droga egzystencjalna wiodąca z salonu na pole bitwy – wpływają na atrakcyjność tej postaci w odbiorze społecznym.
EN
Scholarly texts placed in the publication “Prince Józef Poniatowski in culture and education” offer an multidimensional portrait of the royal family member. They reveal different mechanisms of the character’s creation in literary, social, educational, media-studying, historical, and geographical contexts. They show that Józef Poniatowski is still seen as a hero who codifies the national imagination, while the controversies related to his life and death, his existential path leading from salon to battlefield – affect as a socially perceptible character.
EN
Poetic treaties frequently appear in the later writings of Urszula Kozioł. Three volumes of poems: Supliki (2005), Przelotem (2007) and Horrendeum (2010) provide examples of individual uses of this canonical form, and prove that the author was “growing up” to use it. The poet creates genre varieties of a poetic treaty through which she expresses her philosophical and ontological as well as existential, architextual and poetological reflections.
EN
In the first part, the authors of the paper investigate the issue of so-called “affective turn” in contemporary literary studies, which they call a form of collective reaction to chosen problems of social life and its manifestation in literature. The researchers emphasise that affectivity has been present in litera ture for children and young adults for a long time. It manifests itself through the presence of factors responsible for the structure and reception of a literary work. Those are the elements which influence the emotional world of a young reader. The following parts of the paper concentrate on the analyses of two vol umes of stories: Pralnia pierza. Opowiadania o tym, co ważne (2018) by Dorota Combrzyńska-Nogala and Gorzka czekolada i inne opowiadania o ważnych sprawach (2016), whose authors are well-known writers of Polish literature for children. In the collection Pralnia pierza… the authors identify an example of implicating affective narration, which exposes deduction, resulting, as well as mutually interweaving psychosocial and cultural-spatial phenomena. On the contrary, the anthology Gorzka czekolada… has been interpreted by the au thors as a type of explicating affective narration, with the majority of (auto)de fining and explanatory-exemplifying elements.
XX
Materials to „The Companion o f the Literary Genres ”
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