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1

New face of the “RNA world”

100%

Tyczewska A., Figlerowicz M.

Nauka

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2009

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issue 2

PL

For a very long time, RNA was considered just the medium by which information flows from DNA into the cell. The model proposed in the 1960s assumed that proteins are the main products and regulators of the gene expression process. In this context, the results of the Human Genome Project and the discoveries of RNA interference and small regulatory RNAs (srRNAs) came as a true surprise. The first ones demonstrated that less than 5% of the human genome encodes proteins. The second showed that RNA, especially 20-30 nt-long molecules should be placed among the most important factors controlling gene expression. srRNAs are capable of affecting the release and flow of genetic information in many different ways. They can induce changes in the genome structure, inhibit transcription, mediate mRNA degradation and repress translation. Interestingly, in different organisms, different pathways are used to regulate gene expression. It has recently been estimated that, in humans, the expression of 35-40% of genes is controlled by srRNA. As a result, RNA is currently believed to be a central molecule in many biological processes.

2

Historia biologiczna populacji Homo sapiens zamieszkujących centralną i wschodnią części Europy

71%

Marcinkowska-Swojak M., Stolarek I., Zeńczak M., Handschuh L., Figlerowicz M.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2023

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issue 1(36)

143-165

EN

Archaeogenomis is a recently developed interdisciplinary research field that utilizes advanced molecular biology techniques, especially DNA sequencing, to study the history of biological species, including humans. Analyses of ancient genomes provide independent information about human ancestors and their migrations, allowing researchers to uncover history of mankind. Here, we present the fundamental principles of archaeogenomics and its application in the studies of biological history of the populations inhabiting central-east Europe.

3

Homo sapiens w Europie – historia zapisana w DNA

40%

Stolarek I., Figlerowicz M.

Nauka

|

2016

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issue 3

4

W poszukiwaniu Piastów

37%

Handschuh L., Stolarek I., Juras A., Zeńczak M., Marcinkowska-Swojak M., Myszka A., Trzciński D., Losik-Sidorska A., Wojtczak J., Philips A., Różański A., Dębski A., Kozłowski P., Matla M., Dobosz J., Jasiński T., Piontek J., Kóčka-Krenz H., Figlerowicz M.

Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 4 (2)

63-77

EN

The origin of the Piast dynasty is a matter of lively discussions and disputes. At least a few controversial hypotheses exist, but their credibility is difficult to assess due to the scarcity of written as well as material sources, especially from the time of Polish state formation. Life sciences, however, can support history and archeology. Application of genetic tests, used earlier mainly in forensic laboratories, enabled identification of the remains of King Richard III, the Romanov dynasty members and Nicolaus Copernicus. Contemporary DNA studies, based on next generation DNA sequencing, outreach the narrow area of known markers such as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and selected regions of Y chromosome. Although ancient DNA (aDNA), extracted from remains, is usually highly degraded and contaminated with genetic material of microorganisms, there are methods which allow for the analysis of such material and retrieval of information about origin, kinship and some phenotypic features of an individual. Genetic studies of the Piast dynasty, a subject of our research project, have to deal with numerous difficulties. In or der to gain access to bone samples, we need to meet a number of formal requirements. Moreover, despite the existence of available abundant documentation on the Piast burials, the actual situation is not always consistent with the written sources. Our first experiences show how difficult it is to localize the remains, identify them and extract DNA of sufficient quality.

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2 Zeńczak M.

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1 Juras A.

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1 Kóčka-Krenz H.

1 Losik-Sidorska A.

1 Matla M.

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1 Wojtczak J.

1 2023

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1 2009

New face of the “RNA world”

Historia biologiczna populacji Homo sapiens zamieszkujących centralną i wschodnią części Europy

Homo sapiens w Europie – historia zapisana w DNA

W poszukiwaniu Piastów