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PL
The main purpose of the study was to examine whether populist rhetoric was present in the statements of the leaders of five political parties (PO, PiS, PSL, Kukiz'15, KORWiN), during the parliamentary election campaign in 2015 in Poland. Analysis of political statements in the traditional media and online media in the period 11-23 October 2015 allowed positively verify the research hypothesis. Leaders of Polish political parties have used populist rhetoric - usually using the negative image of refugees, presenting them as a threat to the state and citizens.
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EN
Several research projects in the last decade have been devoted to studying professional role perception among Polish journalists. Still less is known about how different ideals of professional roles affect journalistic role performance. This paper aims to present the findings of the content analysis of 1,130 news stories published in four Polish newspapers in 2012 and 2013. The study was a part of the international research project: Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe (led by Prof. Claudia Mellado from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, in Chile and Lea Hellmueller, from Texas States University, www.journalisticperformance.org). The results indicate that the watchdog model is most commonly used in the Polish press, followed by the infotainment and civic models. However, the findings of the content analysis primarily support the general observation on the political orientations of the Polish newspapers and political parallelism of the Polish media system.
EN
The aim of the paper is to compare the findings of selected surveys conducted among Polish journalists with the findings of a newspaper content analysis. The findings of the surveys showed differences between different generations of journalists. Specifically, those who entered the profession right after the political transition in the early 1990s seem more interested in playing the role of watchdog than those who have recently graduated from universities. Although the youngest generation of Polish journalists believes that the media should monitor political actors, they do not seem very interested in playing that role. The findings of the content analysis showed that Polish journalists pay significant attention to monitoring the policy and performance of political actors. The study supports previous observations on the high level of political parallelism of the Polish media system.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zestawienie postaw polskich dziennikarzy wobec aktorów politycznych deklarowanych w ankietach (role perception) z faktycznymi działaniami podejmowanymi przez dziennikarzy wobec polityków w przygotowywanych przez nich materiałach informacyjnych (role performance). Wyniki badań ankietowych ujawniają istotne różnice pomiędzy poszczególnymi pokoleniami polskich dziennikarzy. Z rolą watchodoga utożsamia się przede wszystkim pokolenie podejmujące pracę w okresie zmiany ustrojowej, podczas gdy najmłodsze pokolenie – choć uważa tę rolę mediów za ważną – samo nie jest zainteresowane jej pełnieniem. Analiza zawartości mediów potwierdza dużą wagę przywiązywaną przez polskich dziennikarzy do monitorowania działalności prowadzonej przez aktorów politycznych. Badania dostarczają jednocześnie danych potwierdzających wysoki poziom paralelizmu politycznego polskiego systemu medialnego.
EN
This paper aims to present a theoretically-empirical reflection on the citizen-oriented model of journalism developed from the social responsibility of the media paradigm. The main indicator of that model is the significant attention paid by journalists to the current perspective of the citizens (in terms of their expectations, demands, actions), to educate citizens about their rights and obligations, as well as to encourage people to actively participate in public debate. The study was conducted under the framework of the international comparative project “Journalistic Role Performance Around the Globe”, launched and coordinated by C. Mellado and L. Hellmueller from Texas State University, USA (www.journalisticperformance.org). The results of empirical research (an analysis of the contents of four Polish daily newspapers) revealed that Polish journalism insufficiently incorporates the model of civic service, one of whose most rudimentary aims is the support, education and representation of the citizens’ interests.
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