This article concerns the nature of the pattern and extent of referring to the convention in opposition to the originality of the creator being part of a trend of historical novels. The basis of this article is a historical novel by Jacek Komuda entitled “Bohun” (Lublin 2012) juxtaposed with “Trilogy” by Henryk Sienkiewicz. The comparative analysis is based on text linguistics tools, and above all on two criteria of textuality: intentionality and intertextuality. The combination of the writing workshops of two novelists is motivated by the genre (historical novel), setting in the reality of Sarmatian Poland and source base. However, a very clear division between both texts is the understanding of literary elements in historical novel, and thus the approach to historical truth. The irony mentioned in the title can be seen in conscious opposition to the proposed by Sienkiewicz and strongly rooted in Polish readership tradition pattern of historical novel written for “spirit lifting” and thus in a negative reflection of the ideological concept of Sienkiewicz. This is done by selecting the main themes of the novel – natural history of the Polish army, a negative image of the Polish gentry and ennobling image of the Cossack. The similarity between the two texts is reflected in the language realisation. In the novel by Komuda linguistic elements common in Sienkiewicz are present, specific and reproducible, obtaining the status of so-called “winged words” repeatedly documented by lexicographers by quotes from Sienkiewicz.
This article relates to methods for the determination of certain elements of reality – sacral objects (in this case, the mobile elements of the equipment of the Armenian Cathedral in Lviv, which are liturgical appliances and other valuables that were stored in it). The presented vocabulary can provide very valuable source for historical lexicology.
The article presents the changes made in the protocols of guild of the eighteenth century, their intensity, function and meaning for the document of an official nature. The transformations of the quantity and types of corrections lead to the conclusion that until the mid eighteenth century protocols were rewritten from another, previously drafted text. Later, however, they began to be rewritten during the session. The first method is likely to be back by the last of the guild writers. The change in the protocol creation can be associated with the changing position of a notary in the community and with the authority of the guild seniors and the importance of the official document.
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.