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Kulturogeneza jako twórczy rdzeń kultury : wkład Eduarda Markariana w kształtowaniu się koncepcji kulturogenezy

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Baradai K., Bondariew A.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

2011

vol. 55

issue 2-3

147-170

The author presents the output of Eduard Makarian, a Russian cultural anthropologist, featuring his contribution to the problem of origin of culture. The development of Makarian’s scientific research has been presented from the understanding of systemic character of culture to the research on the origin of culture; from reflecting upon the first principles of culture development to the concept of system evolution as anthropogenesis, social evolution and cultural evolution, to the understanding of the origin of culture as a creative core of culture (cultural heritage, dynamics of cultural traditions, “tradition”–“change” dichotomy, hypothesis of “cultural genes”, etc.). The scientist moved from the issue of the origin of culture in the prehistoric times through the issues of permanent creation and dialectic self-revival of culture to the problems of culture in contemporary world. His research was of key importance for the establishment of philosophical and cultural approach in the research of the origin of culture in Russia.

Pojęcie i funkcje kultury w socjologicznym projekcie Jurija Lewady

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Dubin B., Baradai K.

Kultura i Społeczeństwo

2011

vol. 55

issue 2-3

131-145

The article features an analysis of the ideas of Yurij Levada, an eminent Russian academic, sociologist dealing both with theory and with practice of sociology, a founder of a research institution in Moscow known as Levada-Centre. Levada gave a special place to culture within sociology and he himself called his project on theoretical sociology an “attempt at culturally justified sociology” (grounded in a perspective orientated to culture). The project was based on structurally complex, culturally conditioned and symbolically indirect social actions. In his opinion, such knowledge of culture required to be looked at retrospectively, which provides for tackling the issue of social system reproduction while enabling to understand contemporary culture at the same time. This way of thinking was a basis for Levada’s analyses of the surrounding social reality, e.g. his analyses of intelligence or the concept of “simple Soviet man”.

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2 Kultura i Społeczeństwo

2 Baradai K.

1 Bondariew A.

1 Dubin B.

2 2011

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Kulturogeneza jako twórczy rdzeń kultury : wkład Eduarda Markariana w kształtowaniu się koncepcji kulturogenezy

Pojęcie i funkcje kultury w socjologicznym projekcie Jurija Lewady