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Historia@Teoria
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2017
|
vol. 1
|
issue 3
183-199
EN
The article discusses the issue of teaching the history of historiography in the context of the values and goals that students of history declare as important to them. Based on the survey, it can be stated that for the students of history at AMU two important values are prevalent: intellectual development and work for the benefi t of society (understood as the commemoration of things worth remembering). It is also important for them to acquire skills useful in future work. “The history of historiography” as an academic subject may enable the realization of these values and goals. A lecturer in the history of historiography can show students the relationship of historical knowledge to social problems. She/he can also introduce modern methods of data analysis to present the problem of reception of historiography in the modern world.
EN
World civil aviation is an open-source system that is affected by a large number of related and non-related factors. Aviation safety is one of the prioritized directions in the industry. Its managerial decision-making process is primarily based on a versatile analysis of security data in which the choice of the appropriate mathematical apparatus is fundamental. This article suggests applying fractal-statistical analysis to evaluate the aviation safety management system in terms of determining the random distribution of quantitative dynamics of aircraft crashes with lethal consequences in the period from 1946 to 2017. This allows us to verify the adequacy of probabilistic approaches appliance in analysing the dynamics of aviation disasters. The results of research carried out on the basis of the Hurst exponent have allowed us to conclude that the dynamics of aviation disasters is characterized by the effect of "spatial memory". In other words, these are "hidden laws", for which further investigation can become an effective tool for the development of proactive methods in managing aviation safety.
EN
The article presents auxiliary functions of clusterSim package (see Walesiak & Dudek (2006)) and selected functions of packages stats, cluster, and ade4, which are applied to solving clustering problems. In addition, the examples of the procedures for solving different clustering problems are presented. These procedures, which are not available in statistical packages (SPSS, Statistica, SAS), can help solving a broad range of classification problems.
PL
W artykule scharakteryzowano funkcje pomocnicze pakietu clusterSim oraz wybrane funkcje pakietów stats, cluster i ade4 służące zagadnieniu analizy skupień. Ponadto zaprezentowano przykładowe procedury, wykorzystujące analizowane funkcje, ułatwiające potencjalnemu użytkownikowi realizację wielu zagadnień klasyfikacyjnych niedostępnych w podstawowych pakietach statystycznych (np. SPSS, Statistica, SAS).
EN
Exploring the stability of states and political systems is of interest to scientists and politicians all around the world. One of the most important questions in this field is the question of the relationship between stability and freedom. This paper considers the relationship between economic freedom and stability with regards to the example of countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The study uses quantitative analysis and the operationalisation of economic freedom through the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF); furthermore, stability is studied through the Fragile States Index (FSI), and the Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism Index (PSI). The analysis reveals a strong correlation between economic freedom and stability. According to linear regression models obtained by the author, economic freedom has a strong impact on stability. Models show that most of the components of IEF increase stability, whilst some components decrease it. This means that the same factors affect economic freedom and stability in different ways. In particular, taxes have a very positive effect on stability. At the same it is obvious that taxes reduce economic freedom. This fact allows us to resolve the existing contradictions among politicians and scientists, who differently assess the impact of economic freedom on stability. It may be stated that whilst economic freedom has in general a strong positive effect on stability, it can also have a negative effect.
EN
In economic research very often the location problem in the single sample or estimation  of the difference in two samples location is commonly tested by experimental economists. Usually the used tests are Wilcoxon test for single sample location or Wilcoxon – Mann – Whitney for two samples location problem. Unfortunately those tests have some disadvantages such as robustness against assumptions or week efficiency. In the paper, some less known procedures, which allow avoid those problems, will be presented. Considered methods will be illustrated on the example of the data  analysis from real-estate market.
EN
The article presents the results of the analysis of the social situation of the women in Arab countries. In the text were analyzed the data from the areas of education, work and political life in the years 1998–2011 and the texts of the Constitution of the Arab countries. Choosing the scope of the analysis, reference was made to Amartya Sen’s capability approach. Amartya Sen was writing a lot about social situation of women in his articles and he emphasized the importance of education and gainful work in improving the position of women in society. The analysis results show the improvement of the situation of women in Arab countries. In some Arab countries, women have gained a clear right to equality of treatment in the Constitution. Women have gained greater access to education. More women are working professionals, and takes an active part in political life. It should be noted that the situation of women in the various Arab countries is not the same and there are countries in which the changes are not clearly visible.
Human Affairs
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2015
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vol. 25
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issue 4
443-459
EN
The critical decision method is a semi-structured retrospective interview used mainly in researching professional decision making within the naturalistic decision making paradigm. There are currently, two main methods of performing analysis: ETA - Emergent Themes Analysis and the structured approach (Wong, 2004). The structured approach consists of five steps: 1. decision chart, 2. incident summary, 3. decision analysis tables, 4. identification of items of interest and 5. collation and comparison of common items of interest across incidents. Naturalistic decision making can be time-consuming, involve high stakes, poorly-structured problems, uncertain dynamic environments and ill-defined or competing goals. For this reason we will demonstrate how to the structured approach to perform an analysis using the example of a decision making situation in emergency medicine.
EN
Objectives: To acquaint experimental scientists with the NETM axioms, features and areas of its use, the results of checking the adequacy of its postulates at the Main Astronomical Observatory of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Material and methods: Probability and mathematical-statistical procedures are used in the NETM, which ensure the effectiveness of estimations of the studied parameters and diagnostics of mathematical modeling. Results: The justified necessity of applying the new error law with the volumes of samples n > 500, in accordance with the recommendations of professor of the University of Cambridge H. Jeffreys. Conclusions: The Non-clasical Error Theory, which was created at the Faculty of Cybernetics of the Academician Stepan Demianchuk International University of Economics and Humanitiesr in 2015, has passed many years of testing and proved its effectiveness in the mathematical processing of modern scientific and technical measuring experiments of a large volume. The use of the NETM in the analysis of data allows solving three important problems, namely: 1). Use modern, adequate representation of the error distribution law of observations of large volumes. 2). Obtain effective estimates of the fundamental distribution of the NETM - the Pearson-Jeffreys law and its most important characteristic - the parameter m, which is a measure of the deviation of the statistical distribution from the Gauss law and is the main metrological characteristic of the observation method. 3). Solve the problem of weighing abnormal errors.
EN
The paper discusses the impact of the decision-making profiles on the consistency of rankings obtained by three multiple criteria methods, i.e. DR, AHP and TOPSIS. The online decision making experiment was organized, based on an electronic questionnaire which is a hybrid of the internet survey system and the decision support system. The participants of the experiment were 418 students of Polish universities. To describe the decision-making profile, the REI test was used which allows to distinguish two decision-making styles: rational and intuitive. The Kendall rank correlation coefficient was used to test the consistency of the rankings obtained by the considered methods. Using different grouping methods, the relationship between the decision profile and the ability to express one’s preferences by means of these methods, that differ in cognitive requirements, was examined. The results of the research may be helpful for supporting the decision-maker in decision processes by choosing the method that fits their profile best.
EN
In this research, a new acceptance sampling plan for a truncated life test is presented, assuming that the quality characteristic follows the power Lomax distribution. The operating characteristic function values are calculated for the proposed sampling plan, jointly with the optimal sample size and the producer's risk for a selection of distribution parameters. Furthermore, a comparative study with other sampling plans is introduced to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed plan. Finally, a real-life example illustrating the applicability of the proposed sampling plan in a manufacturing company is discussed.
11
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Data mining

75%
EN
Recent advances in data capture, data transmission and data storage technologies have resulted in a growing gap between more powerful database systems and users' ability to understand and effectively analyze the information collected. Many companies and organizations gather gigabytes or terabytes of business transactions, scientific data, web logs, satellite pictures, textreports, which are simply too large and too complex to support a decision making process. Traditional database and data warehouse querying models are not sufficient to extract trends, similarities and correlations hidden in very large databases. The value of the existing databases and data warehouses can be significantly enhanced with help of data mining. Data mining is a new research area which aims at nontrivial extraction of implicit, previously unknown and potentially useful information from large databases and data warehouses. Data mining, also referred to as database mining or knowledge discovery in databases, can help answer business questions that were too time consuming to resolve with traditional data processing techniques. The process of mining the data can be perceived as a new way of querying – with questions such  as ”which clients are likely to respond to our next promotional mailing, and why?”. The aim of this paper is to present an overall picture of the data mining field as well as presents briefly few data mining methods. Finally, we summarize the concepts presented in the paper and discuss some problems related with data mining technology.
EN
Data analysis needs suitable methods of curve extrapolation. The proposed method of Hurwitz-Radon Matrices (MHR) can be used in extrapolation and interpolation of curves in the plane. For example, quotations from the Stock Exchange, the market prices or currency rates form a curve. This paper presents the way of data anticipation and extrapolation via the MHR method and decision making: to buy or not, to sell or not. The proposed method is based on a family of Hurwitz-Radon (HR) matrices. The matrices are skew-symmetric and possess columns composed of orthogonal vectors. The operator of Hurwitz-Radon (OHR), built from these matrices, is described. Two-dimensional data are represented by the set of curve points. It is shown how to create the orthogonal and discrete OHR and how to use it in a process of data foreseeing and extrapolation. The MHR method interpolates and extrapolates the curve point by point without using any formula or function.
PL
Termin „Big Data” szybko rozprzestrzenia się w środowisku naukowym i w organizacjach. Wpływa również na zarządzanie danymi w obszarze ZZL, które ewoluuje od prostego raportowania w kierunku wykorzystania danych do podejmowania decyzji, zaawansowanego planowania zatrudnienia, poprzez przewidywanie wydajności pracowników i zarządzanie talentami. Celem artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie technologii Big Data w kontekście ZZL oraz zaprezentowanie metod analizy, które można wykorzystać w tym obszarze. Artykuł rozpoczyna prezentacja technologii Big Data, następnie przedstawiono metody i narzędzia analityki kadrowej oraz na podstawie badań literaturowych i studiów przypadku zestawiono funkcje i zadania ZZL z ofertą technologii Big Data i analityki kadrowej. Poruszono również kwestie zagrożeń, jakie towarzyszą wprowadzeniu tej technologii.
EN
The term Big Data is rapidly spreading in academia as well as in organizations. It is also having an impact on data management in the area of HR, evolving from simple reporting to the application of data in decision–making and advanced employment planning all the way to predicting worker output and talent management. The aim of the article is to characterize Big Data technology in the context of HRM as well as to present data analysis methods that may be used in this area. The article is launched with a presentation of Big Data technology, followed by a presentation of analytical methods and tools for staff analyses. HRM functions and tasks are compiled on the basis of literature research and case studies displaying the range of Big Data technology and staff analytics. Also touched upon are questions of the risks that accompany the introduction of this technology.
EN
Health care is a dynamically developing sector of the economy, which generates a large amount of useful data about health of the inhabitants of the country and individual regions. These include information on the incidence of selected diseases, data on medical facilities and employees, as well as expenditure on health care. in recent years, many scientific articles about data mining in health care have been published. in this article, presented a review of the literature on health analytics and data mining techniques used in this field. based on the information gathered, the current development in this field and possibilities that can be used in the future are indicated.
EN
Bibliographic databases have recently received increased attention from researchers which explore the possibilities of data-driven research based on bibliographical data. This paper briefly overviews the current state of digital literary studies and tries to summarize the development and current situation of data-driven research on bibliographical databases which led to the emergence of so-called bibliographical data science. The specific problems of quantitative research on bibliographical data both from the methodological as well as technical point of view are discussed in more detail and intensive dialogue between data curators and data researchers is advocated for. Subsequently, practical examples of bibliographical data analysis are shown on an example of the data from Czech Literary Internet database and the Statistical and Analytical module for bibliographical data analysis newly developed by the Czech Literary Bibliography research infrastructure is introduced.
Society Register
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2018
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vol. 2
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issue 1
171-183
EN
The author of the article presents the influence of physical activities on socially maladjusted youth, on the basis of desk research analysis, as well as using personal observations conducted during serving as a probation officer for a period of two years. The observations were conducted on a group of 11 male and female minors advised physical activities, as one of the means of influence in the process of resocialization. The article focuses on two social environments, where the resocialization process may take place – the open environment and the institutional environment. The author presents the process of resocialization, its goals, methods used in it, and the reasons why this process is so significant. The aim of the article is to show the changes occurring in the behaviour of young and socially maladjusted people as a result of participating in sports activities. The author’s final conclusions indicate the positive effects of physical activity as a means of influence.
PL
Istotnym problemem małych przedsiębiorstw jest ich przetrwanie na rynku. Dotyczy to szczególnie nowo powstałych podmiotów. Jednym z czynników przyczyniających się do takiej sytuacji jest brak wiarygodnych, odpowiednio przygotowanych i zaprezentowanych informacji niezbędnych do podejmowania decyzji. W artykule rozważano możliwość wykorzystania w małych przedsiębiorstwach nowoczesnej formy wizualizacji danych, jaką jest niewątpliwie kokpit menedżerski. Kokpity za pomocą różnorodnych elementów wizualnych zapewniają menedżerom przejrzyste przeglądanie i analizowanie danych, dostarczają aktualnych informacji związanych z działalnością przedsiębiorstwa. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie słuszności stosowania kokpitów menedżerskich w małych przedsiębiorstwach. Zastosowanie tej formy prezentacji danych może wspomóc zarządzających (właścicieli) w analizie sytuacji przedsiębiorstwa i jego otoczenia. Może przyczynić się do lepszego wykorzystania podstawowych zalet małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw, tj. ich elastyczności oraz możliwości szybkiego reagowania na pojawiające się zmiany. W pierwszej części pracy przedstawiono istotę i specyfikę małych przedsiębiorstw, zwrócono uwagę na ich rolę w gospodarce oraz w społeczeństwie, zaakcentowano także problem przetrwania małych przedsiębiorstw na rynku. Kolejny punkt pracy poświęcono kokpitom menedżerskim. Przedstawione zostały ich definicje, a także stosowane zamiennie w literaturze polskiej i angielskojęzycznej nazwy. Dokonano charakterystyki kokpitów menedżerskich poprzez podanie jedenastu cech, które powinny one posiadać. Wymieniono podstawowe funkcjonalności kokpitów menedżerskich, ich rolę w organizacji gospodarczej oraz obszary, w jakich mogą być stosowane. Przedstawiono ich klasyfikację z punktu widzenia szczebli organizacyjnych. Wspomniano o wieloaspektowości kokpitów menedżerskich w organizacji, możliwości wykorzystania ich w podejmowaniu decyzji, zarządzaniu wiedzą oraz wizualizacji danych. Wymieniono tzw. ogólne i szczegółowe konteksty użycia kokpitów w organizacji. Zwrócono także uwagę na zagadnienie dostosowania kokpitu do użytkownika.
EN
The key problem of small enterprises is their survival on the market, it occurs especially for starting enterprises. The most important factor for that state is lack of valuable, well prepared and presented pieces of information needed in the decision-making process. This article presents the use of new visualization form of data for small enterprises which is dashboard. Dashboards are used by managers to view and analyze the data by visual methods available for them in order to current state of enterprises. The aim of the article is to present the advantages of the idea of use of dashboard in small enterprises. This form of data visualization may help managers to analyze the enterprise and its surroundings. It may benefit small enterprises especially in field of quick reaction for changes and flexibility. The first part presents the key points of small enterprises with special attention to their role in economy and society. It also contains the problem of survival for that kind of enterprises. The next key point of the article shows the idea of dashboard, which contains its definitions. It also shows the characteristics of dashboard containing eleven features which should be present in the cockpits. The article shows the areas of functionality and the application areas. This article also shows its hierarchical classification. Use of dashboard offers many possible aspect of its roles in organizations in relation to decision making problems, knowledge management and data visualization
|
2016
|
vol. 9
|
issue 2(17)
267-274
PL
Wielkie zbiory danych stanowią jedno z najważniejszych wyzwań współczesnego świata cyfrowego. Kwestie związane z przetwarzaniem Big Data oraz sposobami ich przechowywania, omawiano w Bibliotece Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego podczas seminarium „Big Data i cloud computing jako nowe narzędzia w informacji i w nauce”. Naukowcy, bibliotekarze i specjaliści z branży IT poruszali takie tematy jak: nowoczesne metody analizy danych w chmurze obliczeniowej, nowe narzędzia w analizie danych, zbiory Big data w bibliotekach i informacji oraz projekty: Dariah.pl, Polska bibliografia literacka i Clarin.pl.
EN
Big Data is one of the most important challenges of the modern digital world. In particular, Big Data requires the use of parallel processing and new method of data storage. On March 9, 2016 in the library of Warsaw University took place a seminar: “Big Data and cloud computing as a new tool of science and information”. Researchers, librarians and IT specialists have dealt with such topics as: modern methods of data analysis in the cloud computing, new tools in data analysis, Big Data collection in libraries and information, likewise about projects: DARIAH.pl, Polish Literary Bibliography and CLARIN.pl
19
63%
PL
Współczesne przedsiębiorstwa poszukują nowoczesnych rozwiązań i usprawnień w zakresie zarządzania. Coraz czę-ściej zasoby informacyjne postrzegane są jako kluczowa determinanta podejmowania decyzji wpływających na stra-tegiczną pozycję przedsiębiorstwa. Funkcje pozyskiwania, gromadzenia, odpowiedniego przetwarzania i dostarczenia informacji wspierają optymalne sterowanie jednostką. Obecnie na rynku dostępna jest szeroka gama rozwiązań w obszarze technologii informatycznych wspomagających zarządzanie. Narzędzia analityki biznesowej przekształcają-ce dane w użyteczne informacje dynamicznie rozwinęły się w ostatnich latach, występując dziś pod pojęciem Business Intelligence. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie systemu BI. Wyjaśniono m.in. termin hurtowni danych, procesów odpowiedzialnych za zasilanie danymi, funkcje penetracji i odkrywania danych. W dalszej części dokonano porów-nania systemów transakcyjnych i analitycznych oraz szerzej omówiono analityczne możliwości BI. Zaprezentowano wybrane narzędzia oraz praktyczny przykład wdrożenia w firmie Berendsen Textile Services.
EN
Companies are searching for IT solutions to improve management process. Increasingly information resources are regarded as the key determinant to make appropriate decisions, that have impact on strategic position of the company. Functions including acquisition, gathering, processing and delivering of information support optimal company man-agement. There are many IT solutions supporting enterprise management available on the market. Business analysis tools transforming data into useful information have developed dynamically in recent years. They are known today as Business Intelligence. The aim of this article is to present various functions of BI system. The article describes da-tawarehouse, data mining and data drilling, among other things. Author compares transaction and analytical systems. Finally, an example of implementation of BI in the Berendsen Textile Services company is presented.
PL
Celem badania jest prognoza liczby pasażerów przewiezionych drogą lotniczą w Stanach Zjednoczonych na lata 2021-2022. Prognozę poprzedza wielowymiarowa analiza porównawcza liczby pasażerów przewiezionych drogą lotniczą w Stanach Zjednoczonych od 1 stycznia 2019 r. do 2 listopada 2021 r. Aby osiągnąć ten cel, dane pogrupowano jako zmienne zależne: lata, miesiące-lata. Zaobserwowane podobieństwa, analiza i ocena literatury oraz własne doświadczenia pozwoliły na prognozowanie danych pierwotnych na przyszłość. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na rosnący trend liczby pasażerów przewożonych drogą lotniczą w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Prognoza na okres od 3 listopada 2021 do 31 grudnia 2022 to 837 459 877 potencjalnych pasażerów lotniczych w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Odchylenie standardowe uzyskanej prognozy wyniosło 255 680,3, średnia arytmetyczna 1 975 141 pasażerów, a mediana 1 998 478 pasażerów. Obserwowane podobne trendy w identycznych miesiącach lipiec-październik w 2019 i 2021 roku oraz analiza literatury i własnych doświadczeń pozwoliły na wybór metody prognozowania liczby pasażerów przewiezionych drogą lotniczą w Stanach Zjednoczonych na przyszłość. Wykryte prawidłowości jako powtarzające się trendy w liczbie pasażerów lotniczych przewożonych w Stanach Zjednoczonych na zasadzie dynamicznej mogą posłużyć do ich prognozowania na przyszłość.
EN
The purpose of the study is to forecast the number of passengers transported by air in the United States for 2021-2022. The forecast is preceded by a multidimensional comparative analysis of the number of passengers transported by air in the United States from 1 January 2019 to 2 November 2021. To achieve this goal, the data were grouped as dependent variables: years, months-years. The observed similarities, the analysis and evaluation of the literature as well as the own experience made it possible to forecast primary data for the future. The obtained results show a growing trend in the number of passengers transported by air in the United States. The forecast for 3 November 2021 to 31 December 2022 is 837 459 877 prospective air passengers in the United States. The standard deviation of the obtained forecast was 255 680,3, the arithmetic mean was 1 975 141 passengers and the median was 1 998 478 passengers. The observed similar trends in the identical months of July-October in 2019 and 2021 as well as the analysis of the literature and the own experience allowed for the selection of a method for the forecasting of the number of passengers transported by air in the United States for the future. The detected regularities as recurring trends in the number of air passengers transported in the United States on a dynamic basis may be used to forecast them for the future.
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