Search results - CEJSH

1

Vzorné letovisko Hradištko. Vznik a prvé desetiletí meziválečného letoviska na soutoku Vltavy a Sázavy

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Matoušek V.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2015

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vol. 41

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issue 1

47-81

EN

This social and historical-geographical study addresses the circumstances of the founding and subsequent development of an important resort Hradištko, located 30 km south of Prague at the confluence of Vltava and Sázava Rivers. The resort was founded in a location, which inhabitants of Prague had used for recreation since the 19th century. Resort Hradištko was founded as an offshoot of an older resort Pikovice on the banks of Sázava River. Hradištko was not immediately connected to important roads or the railroad, but this relative isolation, and the quiet in the midst of an otherwise busy recreation area that it afforded, proved to be an advantage. From the beginning, Hradištko became the site for villas and cottages for all classes of Prague inhabitants, the wealthy elites, relatively wealthy middle class, as well as the lower classes, which were represented primarily by qualified workmen and lower civil clerks.

2

Krumlovský Mistr dvou stylů: k počátku renesanční knižní vazby v Čechách

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Boldan K.

Umění (Art)

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2022

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vol. 70

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issue 1

58-75

EN

This essay is a reaction sixty years on to the study by Bohumil Nuska entitled ‘The Beginnings of Czech Renaissance Bookbinding’ (Umění X, 1962). Nuska showed how the defining location for the migration of Renaissance style to the Czech lands was Krakow, whence several trained bookbinders travelled to Prague around 1520. More recently, Petr Voit examined a group of early Renaissance bindings and concluded that they were the work of the sole workshop of the ‘Czech Rights’ Master Bookbinder, which employed several craftsmen. This workshop had been producing bookbinding from the latter half of the 1510s, the decoration of which, with its dominant composition and detailed work with a blank space, was diametrically different to the production of other Czech workshops, which typically featured a frame composition and a stamp pattern filling the entire central field. Nuska’s claim regarding the Polish contribution to the formation of early Renaissance bookbinding in the Czech lands remains valid. However, in this study I set out to counter the claim that its appearance was sudden and without precedent. The hitherto overlooked workshop of the Master of Two Styles had adopted the Renaissance style more than a decade earlier, and fashion designs featuring predominantly circular elements had allowed it to create the bindings of advanced Viennese workshops according to a related stamping apparatus. On the basis of 21 recorded stamps, I have identified a total of 35 bookbindings made by the Master of Two Styles between 1494 and 1520 (appendices A, B). An analysis of the indications of provenance of these manuscripts and prints clearly shows that they were created in Český Krumlov. To begin with the Master created the decoration using the customary frame concept. However, by the end of the first decade of the 16th century at the latest, he was placing circular features in the middle of the central fields and quarterly sectors in the corners comprising one or more concentric circles. The internal circumference was most often bordered with prints of the characteristic headed stamp

CS

Příspěvek s odstupem šedesáti let reaguje na studii Bohumila Nusky Počátky české renesanční knižní vazby (Umění X, 1962), v níž autor doložil, že určující lokalitou pro migraci renesančního slohu do Čech byl Krakov, odkud kolem roku 1520 přišlo do Prahy asi několik vyučených knihvazačů. Nověji se skupinou raně renesančních vazeb zabýval Petr Voit, který došel k závěru, že jsou prací jediné dílny Mistra práv českých, zaměstnávající více řemeslníků. Ta od sklonku druhého desetiletí 16. století zhotovovala knižní vazby, jejichž výzdoba se od produkce zbylých českých dílen — s typickou rámovou kompozicí a kolkovým desénem vyplňujícím celé střední pole — diametrálně lišila již dominantovou kompozicí a promyšlenou prací s prázdnou plochou. Nuskův závěr o určujícím polském podílu na formování raně renesanční vazby v Čechách zůstává platný, ovšem tvrzení, že její výskyt je náhlý a bez předchozího vývoje, autor příspěvku koriguje. Dosud nepovšimnutá dílna Mistra dvou stylů k renesančnímu slohu nakročila o více než jednu dekádu dříve a módní vzory s kruhovými dominantami jí i podle příbuzného kolkového aparátu prostředkovaly vazby vyspělých vídeňských dílen. Autor na základě 21 podchycených kolků identifikoval celkem 35 knižních vazeb zhotovených Mistrem dvou stylů zhruba v rozmezí let 1494–1520 (přílohy A, B). Analýza provenienčních znaků těchto rukopisů i tisků jednoznačně prokázala, že tvořil v Českém Krumlově. Zprvu výzdobu utvářel v obvyklém rámovém konceptu, ovšem nejpozději na konci prvního desetiletí 16. století umisťoval doprostřed středních polí kruhové dominanty a do rohů čtvrtkruhové výseče, tvořené jednou či několika soustřednými kružnicemi a po vnitřním obvodu lemované nejčastěji otisky charakteristického hlavičkového kolku. Novátorství krumlovského Mistra netkvělo ve změněné morfologii nářadí (velká část kolků podržela osvědčený pozdně gotický ráz), nýbrž v ocenění středové dominanty a jinak (polo)prázdné plochy zrcadla.

3

Evangelické kalendáře v "dlouhém" 19. století

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Nešpor Z. R.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2010

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vol. 97

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issue 2

113-143

EN

The almanacs represented an important source and constituent part of the popular culture in the „long“ nineteenth century. The text focuses on the by now slightly studied almanacs of Czech Protestants and, as a supplement, also contains its register. First Protestant calendars were published after the authorization of Protestant denominations at the end of the eighteenth century, but due to the economic weakness of these minorities soon ceased to exist. The next wave of their publishing was connected with liberalism of the middle of the nineteenth century and the social emancipation of Protestants. But the defeat of the revolution of 1848 again caused their demise. Systematic publishing of Protestant almanacs took place only in the last third of the nineteenth century, when their principal role was the gradual deepening of the confessional consciousness. From the beginning of the twentieth century these almanacs were used in the efforts for uniting of Czech Lutheran and Reformed Churches. This union was realized after the constitution of Czechoslovakia in the year 1918. Later Protestant almanacs were mostly regular ecclesiastical yearbooks without broader implications.

4

Bemerkungen zur keltischen Kunst und zu mediterranen Importen in Frühlatènezeit in Böhmen

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Bouzek J., Pecinovská M., Řídký J., Sankot P.

Studia Hercynia

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2017

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vol. 21

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issue 1

45-75

EN

The paper presents new ideas on interpretation of the Early La Tène art and new studies of Mediterranean imports in central Europe (pottery, bronze vessels and glass) taking into account the context of their creation but also of their deposition (with the probable significance of ‘objects of memory’). Not all the pieces must have been trade goods brought through the Salt route; some may be results of individual events (transaction gifts, dowry in diplomatic marriages, heritage – keimelia). The examples of the Mediterranean technique, crafts and science were more important than the imported objects themselves. The latter are clear proofs of contacts while the imitations and reflexions of Mediterranean models show that these models or ideas were more or less known also in the more distant regions.

5

The development of besedas and agricultural associations in Bohemia during the rise of the Czech agrarian movement, 1870s-1890s

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Kiryu Y.

Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)

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2021

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vol. 29

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issue 2

167-202

EN

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of agricultural associations in Bohemia during the rise of the Czech agrarian movement, from the 1870s–1890s, focusing on the agricultural circle called beseda. Exploring how they spread and how rural inhabitants began to participate in political discussions and parliamentary politics, using these associations as a platform, this paper suggests the necessity to place the rise of the Czech agrarian movement in the broader context of an expanding public sphere and the social transformation after the abolition of hereditary subjection.

6

Zeměpanské konfi rmační listiny pro česká a slezská města do 1419 roku

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Velička T.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2014

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issue 2(7)

212-233

EN

The author has attempted to provide a holistic view of the practice of confi rming the documents for the royal and princely towns in the area of Bohemia and Silesia (the area of Moravia has already been explored in this respect) by the ruler. Confi rmatory documents formed an integral part of the production of the writing offi ces of the rulers of both examined territories, i.e., the Czech kings and the princes of Silesia. Whilst in the case of Bohemia the issuer is unambiguous (the King of Bohemia), the issuers from the region of Silesia could have included the Silesian princes (including the Bishop of Wrocław), the Czech king and the royal starosts (governors) in the principalities directly subject to the Czech ruler as issuers. Generally, confi rmatory documents are deemed to have been diplomatic acts which confi rmed the existence of a legal reality. These included not only documents (alternatively confi rmatory documents issued in the form of a mandate), whereby the rulers confi rmed the prevailing legal acts of their predecessors, but also those which confi rmed acts of their subjects. A selection of merely one group of recipients was deliberate, notwithstanding the resultant, apparently incomplete image. Such an approach has its advantages, inasmuch as it allows the examination of the resources in a more compact form, and what is more, throughout two territories to some extent shaped by various traditions. The author focuses largely on several issues related to confi rmatory documents, notably on the differentiation between confi rmatory and dispositive documents. Both types are to some extent convergent, and sometimes the dispositive formula is present in some confi rmatory documents. Furthermore, dispositive documents are sometimes deemed to be one of the degrees of confi rmation. Nevertheless, in most cases notable is a variance in the usage of both types of documents. First, the author presents a quantitative review of the number of documents issued for particular towns. Was there a direct principle saying that the more important and richer the town, the more confi rmative documents are found? How can we measure the ‘validity’ and ’wealth’ of each of the analysed towns? Which towns can boast of confi rmations issued by the majority of successive rulers and which have to be satisfi ed with merely a few acts? This question needs to be explored also from a different point of view: we need to determine the role of confi rmatory documents in the policy of the rulers towards the towns as well as how it was refl ected in the different phases of the duke’s (king’s) reign. The motives behind issuing individual acts of confi rmation and the question what forced the towns to make efforts to have their privileges confi rmed are essential elements of the author’s inquiry. The reasons might have been both external, namely the position of the town’s ruler, and internal – problems inherent in the functioning of a given centre.

7

Vesnice sedláků, hostů, nevolníků. K profilu venkova staršího středověku

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Žemlička J.

Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

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2021

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vol. 47

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issue 1

7-18

EN

We have lots of information about the look and forms of medieval villages, we know less about their social profile. As indicated by research, there were also villages where special citizen groups were concentrated in the Early Middle Ages, such as villages of peasants, serfs, fishermen, guests etc. (villae rusticorum, servorum, piscatorum, hospitorum).

8

Zpráva ze studia českých iluminovaných rukopisů 14. století v Bodleian Library

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Gaudek T.

Studie o rukopisech (Manuscript Studies)

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2013

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vol. 42

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issue 1

145-159

EN

This article deals with three of the four codices described as a group of Bohemian origin by Pächt and Alexander in 1966. The first codex, MS. Add. C 21, comes from Central Europe, more likely from Austria. Similar suggestion was made in 1966 already, nevertheless the provenance of the manuscript remains uncertain. The second codex, MS. Laud Misc. 311, is the best one of the group defined. The author believes it comes from the workshop of the Master of Opatovice Breviary, with a possible dating of 1370´s. Finally, the third codex, MS. Lyell 67, the Speculum humanae salvationis coming from Vyšehrad in Prague may be dated around 1400, according to its watermarks. The coat of arms which can be found in some illuminations allows to suppose that the person ordering this codex came from the important family of noblemen of Riesenburg (in Czech z Oseka) or some related family.

9

Typologie saských náboženských vlivů a jejich projevů u evangelických obyvatel severočeského příhraničí v 19. století

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Zeman V.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2012

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vol. 99

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issue 4

427-444

EN

The Patent of Toleration of the year 1781 cleared the way for activities of two Protestant churches in the Habsburg Monarchy. In the two borderland regions chosen for analysis - the regions of Děčín and Šluknov - the Protestant inhabitants were affected by the religious influences from Saxony that acquired various forms. From the period before the year 1620 there was, exceptionally, preserved the Lutheran religion, whose followers visited churches on the Saxon side of the border. Also, the regions were continuously settled by Saxon immigrants who were not organized within the structures of the Augsburg confession. Only after the commencement of industrialization and the subsequent wave of Saxon immigration was made possible the establishment of independent Protestant choirs. Absolutely exceptional was the Lutheran choir of Saxon officials in Podmokly that was founded after railroad had been finished in 1851. Already before the year 1850 the mission of the renewed Unity of Brethren from Herrnhut instigated the popular religious movement. At the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth century, religious propaganda of the movement „Away from Rome“ (Los von Rom), in many cases supported from Saxony, found response in these regions. The typology of religious influences from Saxony and their manifestations on the Bohemian side of the border, established on the basis of the examples of Děčín and Šluknov regions, could be used for the nineteenth century also for other borderland regions inhabited predominantly by German-speaking population.

10

A Grave from Nezabylice, Chomutov District. On the Phenomenon of Inhumation in Stage B1 of the Early Roman Period in Bohemia

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Půlpánová-Reszczyńska A., Kuljavceva Hlavová J., Ondráčková L., Černochová R., Křivánek R., Radoň M., Půlpán M.

Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia

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2023

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vol. 18

131-158

EN

The article describes the discovery of a skeletal grave in 2015 in Nezabylice (NW Bohemia, Chomutov district) at a cremation burial ground, which was dated to stage B1 of the early Roman period according to characteristic metal objects. Today, only four dozen similarly dated skeletal graves are registered in Bohemia, which, together with the early date of acquisition, makes them one of the rarest and most difficult to recognize archaeological monuments in this area. In the given situation, every recently researched skeleton grave from the early Roman period brings a wealth of new and important information about this distinctive phenomenon of burial rite among the Elbe-Germanic tribes.

11

Budapešťský rukopis Quart. Slav. 41 a jeho význam pro dějiny Jednoty bratrské

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Halama O.

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2020

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vol. 50

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issue 1

46-59

EN

The presented study acquaints the reader with the content of a manuscript collection from the turn of the 17th century deposited in Budapest (Budapest, Országos Széchenyi Könyvtár, shelf mark Quart. Slav. 41). It mainly focuses on the texts preserved there that are connected with the fate of the bishop of the Unity of the Brethren (Unitas fratrum) Jan Augusta († 1572) during his internment at Křivoklát Castle (1548–1564). Augusta’s texts that are new and unknown from elsewhere are presented in more detail. The study is complemented by two documents, directly preceding Augusta’s release from the prison.

12

Migrácie kysuckých drotárov na územie Čiech, Moravy a Sliezska v medzivojnovom období

88%

Kontrik A.

Národopisný věstník

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2018

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vol. 35_(77)

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issue 1

56-73

EN

Tinkering as a peddling job and sale developed in the northern part of the Trenčín Region (Upper Váh Area and Kysuce) and later in several villages in the northern part of Spiš. As a specific (non-farming) job of a group of male population, tinkering is a phenomenon that significantly influenced traditional culture in the above-mentioned regions. The affiliation with the tinker´s socio-professional group was expressed not only by the itinerant livelihood, but it also was transferred to social activities and common personal contacts. The tinkers differed from peasants through their world view, peculiar morality, value guidance, but mainly through their experience and more real view of the world. They featured good dexterity in communication with authorities due to the obligation to arrange for documents which were necessary for them to be allowed to operate tinkering in the Czechoslovak Republic. Labour migration also affected incomes, possibilities of catering, dressing, habitation, and hygiene of itinerant tinkers. The essay explains these facts in relation to the tinkers from Kysuce, who migrated for work to Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia between world wars.

13

Mendikanti v začátcích urbanizace českých zemí

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Žemlička J.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2018

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vol. 21

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issue 2

109-125

EN

The study of towns and medieval urbanization in general cannot avoid the questions associated with the spread of the mendicant orders, first of the Minorites, Dominicans and their female counterparts. The mendicants comprised a small but distinctive class of the urban population from the beginning of the creation of the network of urban municipalities of Bohemia and Moravia, namely from the 1220s. Their hospitalities were located in the walls of larger and economically stronger royal towns; later, the cloisters of the mendicants also took root in the smaller towns and townships.

14

Western Frankish Chroniclers’ Accounts about the Bohemian and Central European History in the 10th and First Half of the 11th Century

88%

Izdný J.

Prague Papers on the History of International Relations

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2017

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issue 1

7-22

EN

The study summarizes the information about Bohemia (and East Central Europe in general) that is given by the Western Frankish chronicles of the 10th and first half of the 11th centuries. These contributions were mostly omitted or refused by general majority of the Czech historiography. Recent changes of attitude to the relevance of these sources could bring a new view on these sources. The information about Bohemia contained in these sources could also help us to expose a possible relations and stereotypes about our region in Western Europe in the 10th and 11th century.

15

Aula Magna. Velký sál královských hradů v předhusitských Čechách

88%

Záruba F.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 2

75-115

EN

The article deals with the appearance of the grand halls at the royal castles in Bohemia in the pre- Hussite period. The endeavour is not only to acquaint the reader with the appearance of these grand halls, but also to focus on some specific issues, such as the relation of the Grand Hall of the Old Royal Palace at Prague Castle and the Grand-Salle in Paris.

16

Stemple monet czeskich z X–XI wieku źródłem do historii Czech

88%

Suchodolski S.

Historia Slavorum Occidentis

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2015

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issue 1(8)

34-56

EN

The paper first adumbrates the issue of coins as a source of information from which historian and other researchers can study the past. The Czech coinage of the tenth and eleventh century is shown as a very complex issue. The paper seeks to explore two of them. One is the origin of Emma Regina, whose coins were supposedly minted in Mielnik. Having presented and briefl y analysed medievalists’ hypotheses concerning the origin of Emma, the author concurred with the hypothesis of her French origin. Next, the article examines a coin referred to as denarius episcopi, i.e., minted by an unnamed bishop. Having emended the coins’ inscription, S. Suchodolski has resolved the problems the source hitherto posed in historiography.

17

A Municipality against the State: Power Relations between State and Local Self-Government Representatives, Based on the Example of Bohemia at the Turn of the Nineteenth Century

88%

Klečacký M.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2020

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vol. 121

PL

This paper is a case study of relations between the agents of self-government and the state administration as representatives of the local elite in the milieu of a small town in central Bohemia. Set in the context of the political crisis in the 1890s and at the beginning of the twentieth century, it follows the power relations and the struggle of self-government bodies against the district captain (representing the central government), as well as the efforts of the state to force the local elite to respect the state authority and to arrange for proper operation of the public administration.

18

Bohemian Crown subjects in Polish province of the Order of St. Paul in 18th century

88%

Szpak J.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2019

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vol. 10

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issue 1

14-32

EN

The Order of St. Paul the First Hermit was granted the Pope’s approval of the religious community in 1308. To Poland, the Pauline Fathers were brought at the invitation of Władysław, the Duke of Opole. Altogether, there were twenty-two Pauline monasteries on the Polish territory, with the most important location of Jasna Góra in Częstochowa. Apart from Poland, the Order of St. Paul had influence also on the neighbouring lands of the Bohemian Crown; in the 18th century, there were 102 monks originating from those areas of the Polish Province. Most of them came from Silesia (58 persons) and Moravia (32 individuals), and entered the novitiate between 1761 and 1770 (20 individuals) and between 1721 and 1730 (15 individuals). Most of the monks came from Kroměříž in Moravia (4), Racibórz, Opole in Silesia (3 from each town), Nový Jičín in Moravia (4), Olesno and Wrocław in Silesia (3 from each town), Tarnowskie Gory, Frýdek in Silesia, Příbor and Olomouc in Moravia (2 from each location). When entering the novitiate, the age of the Bohemian Crown subjects were ranged between 16 and 48 years, with most of the candidates being 21 and 22 years old (25 individuals in total). The usual period of time spent in the monastery was between 31 and 40 years, and the average lifespan – 29 years. The monks of the Czech origin usually died at the age of 33–41 and 55–65. A vast majority of the monks were priests (71 individuals) and only 2 of them were secular monks. Friars coming from the Czech lands performed various functions and roles within the Order, like vicar general and definitor general, provincial definitor, prior, sub-prior, provisor and novice master. There was also a large group dedicated to the academic studies and musical composition, as well as various pastoral roles, like preachers, confessors, exorcists and chaplains.

19

Kodym’s Newspaper and the Creation of a Rural Public Sphere in Bohemia

88%

Kiryu Y.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2017

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vol. 115

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issue 2

407-439

EN

The development of civil society has been one of the major aspects in Czech historiography. Nonetheless, we still know relatively little about how this process took place in rural Bohemia, as so far, studies have focused primarily on the urban milieu. This paper aims to examine the Agricultural Newspaper under the editor Filip Stanislav Kodym (1852–1861). This periodical was published as part of the activities directed at enlightening the rural inhabitants after the abolition of serfdom in 1848–1849 and successfully penetrated the rural population. Analysing the Agricultural Newspaper, this paper tries to demonstrate the genesis of a public sphere in rural Bohemia following the abolition of serfdom.

20

Antropomorfní závěsek z Jaroměře

88%

Barresi L., Kysela J.

Studia Hercynia

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2015

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vol. 19

|

issue 1-2

122-142

XX

The paper discusses a bronze pendant in the form of an embraced human couple. Though said to have been found in Jaroměř, Eastern Bohemia, the artefact clearly belongs to a well defined group of pendants produced in the 9th–8th c. BC in Southern Italy. The paper discusses typological determination, chronology and iconography of the artefact as well as the problematic question of its authenticity.

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