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1
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Zmiany w podejściu do marketingu w ochronie zdrowia w Polsce

100%
Krukowska-Miler A.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
|
2012
|
vol. 1
|
issue 1
491-504
EN
Marketing is a modern science that still changes. In health care we use five marketing mix elements: product, price ,promotion, placement and people. The health care in Poland needs marketing to be more efficiency.
2

Competition in health care. US and West European examples

80%
Gulacsi L., Kovacs E., Oesterle A., Boncz I.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 5
480-498
EN
Everybody from the government and insurers to the providers and consumers these days is talking about market competition in health care. But what do they mean by it? Is everybody talking about the same things? The question is fundamental because various health-care players take part in shaping health policy, but little is said about how these players envisage the competition from their own point of view. The brief survey of experience in developed countries pays attention mainly to the examples of the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Austria and Germany. Analysis of these shows that health-care competition in all of them is limited and great caution is needed in evaluating its results.
3

THE POLITICS OF HEALTH IN THE XVIII CENTURY (Polityka zdrowia w XVIII wieku)

80%
Foucault M.
Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym
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2010
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issue 2(15)
3-18
EN
The article is a reprint of an introduction to the book 'Les Machines a guerir. Aux origins de l'hopital modern; dossiers et documents' originally entitled 'La politique de la sante au XVIIIe siecle'. It was also published in Michel Foucault's 'Dits et ecrits' (vol. II, text no. 168, Gallimard, Paris 1994, 2001).
4

HODNOTENIE TECHNICKEJ EFEKTÍVNOSTI NEMOCNÍC A ODMEŇOVANIE ZDRAVOTNÍKOV

80%
Novosadová I., Dlouhý M.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2007
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vol. 55
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issue 8
763-792
EN
Evaluation of efficiency in the health care sector is an important topic of public policy. This paper analyzes technical efficiency of 119 Czech hospitals in 2005 by data envelopment analysis (DEA). DEA is a method based on the production theory and the mathematical programming that specifies the production frontier as the most pessimistic piecewise linear envelopment of the data. We analyze the sample with the input-oriented constant-returns-to-scale model (the CCR-I model) and the input-oriented variable-returns-to-scale model (the BCC-I model). For an inefficient hospital, the method determines the sources of inefficiency and corresponding target values. We found no strong correlation between technical efficiency and wages of health personnel.
5
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Prawne podstawy odpowiedzialności zawodowej pracowników ochrony zdrowia

80%
Kulik T. B., Jolanta P., Anna P.
Zdrowie Publiczne i Zarządzanie
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2010
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vol. 8
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issue 2
96-100
EN
The aim of the work is to discuss the workers' professional responsibility of the health care system. Proper exercising of the right to health and the right to protect health, first of all, depends on effective and stable law which would regulate the functioning of the health care system and on well prepared workers. Apart from the level of knowledge and factual preparation to work in the profession, the determinants of the workers' qualifications of the health care system are high sensibility, both ethical and moral. Actions or nonfeasances which determine professional responsibility of workers are characterized by infringement and they violate particular obligations. Responsibility of workers of health care is one of the mechanisms which should guarantee a satisfactory level of medical services. Its aim is to make the worker, who was proved to behave improperly, improve his/her actions, especially those serious ones and the ones which are repeated. Otherwise he/she could be temporarily or permanently deprived of his/her right to practice. The doctors who possess a diploma, but they do not have the right to carry the occupation are not subject to this mode. The range of doctors' professional responsibility is defined generally and the forbidden actions are not exactly described. Nurses and midwives bear the responsibility for the whole range of professional activity, including the field of relations nurse - patient - the members of the therapeutic team. The legal responsibility means the necessity of bearing the consequences provided for by legal regulations. Dissatisfaction with the health care system is justified but very often directed in an impropriate way. Surely, the quality of the doctors' or nursing practise should be constantly improved and while improving the conditions, the responsibility should increase.
6
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Zmiany w formach umów w zatrudnianiu personelu medycznego

80%
Rozpędowska-Matraszek D.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2012
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vol. 1
|
issue 3
391-401
EN
The article is to analysis the impact of changes in the form of contracts in the employment of workers medical primary health care in connection with his reforms in the health sector, taking into account regional dependencies. Applied analysis of movements of Shift-Share has been used to assess the struc-ture of employment by share of influence factors of both structural and geographical form of the contract of employment in primary health care. In the analysis of a sample and the reference is the employment of medical personnel on the basis of a contract of employment and contract civil by five professions (doctors, family doctors, pediatri-cian doctors, nurses and midwife nurses) in the period of 2004-2009 for the voivod-ships in Poland on the basis of the information contained in the Statistical Bulletin of the Ministry of Health and in bulletins “Basic Data on Health Care” CSO (Social Surveys Division).
7

MACROECONOMIC REASONS OF DEBTS IN POLISH HEALTH SERVICE (Makroekonomiczne przyczyny zadluzenia polskiej sluzby zdrowia)

80%
Szymanska K.
Contemporary Economics
|
2008
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issue 2(6)
5-17
EN
The article deals with the problem of debts in polish health service. Author analyzes the macroeconomic reasons of this situation. As a main reasons are indicated: a specificity of the health service market, which leads to a inefficient allocation of health services, lack of reliable data on health care system, too low level of public expenditure on a health care, inappropriate allocation of public capital and a monopolistic position of the payer.
8

SOCIAL AND HEALTH CARE IN THE KINGDOM OF HUNGARY IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY

80%
Kušniráková I.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2017
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vol. 65
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issue 5
849 – 878
EN
The study is concerned with the changes in social and health care in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 19th century. In this period social care became more systematic and was gradually separated from health care. Apart from town administrations and religious institutions, charitable societies began to significantly contribute to charitable activities. Under the influence of the central government, local authorities began to devote increased attention to such categories of dependent people as the mentally ill, single mothers and illegitimate children, who had previously been scorned or punished by society. Educational institutions for deaf-mute and blind children were a new element on the regional level.
9

SOCIÁLNA A ZDRAVOTNÍCKA STAROSTLIVOSŤ V UHORSKU V PRVEJ POLOVICI 19. STOROČIA

80%
Kušniráková I.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 3
401 – 429
EN
The study is concerned with the changes in social and health care in the Kingdom of Hungary in the first half of the 19th century. In this period social care became more systematic and was gradually separated from health care. Apart from town administrations and religious institutions, charitable societies began to significantly contribute to charitable activities. Under the influence of the central government, local authorities began to devote increased attention to such categories of dependent people as the mentally ill, single mothers and illegitimate children, who had previously been scorned or punished by society. Educational institutions for deaf-mute and blind children were a new element on the regional level.
10
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LEARNING BEHIND CURTAINS - BECOMING HEALTH CARE ASSISTANTS IN SWEDEN (Uczenie sie 'za zaslona' - o stawaniu sie opiekunka medyczna w Szwecji)

80%
Thunborg C.
Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów
|
2011
|
vol. 12
39-55
EN
Health care assistants are the most common occupation for women in Sweden. Yet, facts about their learning and occupational identities are quite unknown. The aim of the paper is to deepen the understanding of how health care assistants learn their occupational identities in daily work. In the theoretical framework, the interrelationship between learning and occupational identity are elaborated on. The resulting findings come from case studies of four wards at two hospitals and are based on interviews and self-observations provided in the form of diaries. The results show that the health care assistants' occupational identity is weak when compared to other professional groups, yet strong in sharing the same orientation towards patients. Moreover, the identities are learned at work, where registered nurses and physicians are of great importance to this process. Previous life and work experiences seem to have an impact on health care assistants' motivation to learn in formal settings but learning in formal settings also seems to be crucial for learning in daily work. Four contradictions have been discussed as the potentials for developing the occupational identities: formal versus informal learning, adaptive versus developmental learning, formal versus informal legitimacy and weak status versus strong identity. My conclusion is that assistant nurses seem to learn how to do things they do not talk about, while talking about things they can but are not allowed to do. They learn how to adapt to the informal order by reproducing the formal one, which leads to their learning behind the curtains.
11
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REFORM AND PROBLEMS IN THE GERMAN NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE (Problemy i reformy niemieckiego systemu opieki zdrowotnej)

80%
Byszewski G.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2009
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vol. 36
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issue 2(419)
26-30
EN
This paper focuses on the German National Health Service (NHS), its various problems and ways of solving them. The main part contains the report of recently implemented changes in the German NHS enclosed in document titled 'Gesundheitsreform 2007'. The detailed analysis of the reform could be an inspiration and serve as an example for the reform in Polish NHS, which is inevitable due to demographic changes. Through this work the author would like to emphasize the quality and complexity of the reform that needs to be carried out in Polish NHS.
12

THREE APPROACHES TO THE ANALYSIS OF COST FUNCTION IN HEALTH CARE

70%
Dlouhý M., Flusserová L.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2007
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
59-78
EN
In this paper, we describe three methods of the cost-function analysis in a health care: classical econometric analysis, frontier analysis, and survivor analysis. The strength of a classical econometric analysis is a highly developed methodology of hypothesis testing; the weakness is that it is necessary to deal with many problems related to estimation technique, such as multicollinearity, autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, etc. The strength of the stochastic frontier analysis is that it incorporates the random shocks in efficiency evaluation; on the other hand, the strong assumptions about the distribution of efficiency have to be made. The advantages of survivor analysis are its simplicity and the possibility to include the factors that are otherwise hard to measure; the disadvantages are the application only in the long-term studies, and the provision of no specific information on the character of cost function in the studied industry. The different methods have strengths and weaknesses and the choice of the appropriate method depends on the objective of the study.
13

K FILOZOFICKÝM VÝCHODISKÁM SÚČASNÝCH MODELOV ZDRAVOTNEJ STAROSTLIVOSTI

70%
Smolková E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2019
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vol. 74
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issue 8
637 – 651
EN
Most of us understand health care as a system in which certain values and moral standards must apply. We will try to grasp different types of health care systems, the way they work and, above all, specify how the systems differ from one another. We will investigate the issue of the access to health care and we will show how the theoretical and practical approaches to health issues intersect and influence each other. We will try to explain why this occurs on the background of socio-political theories and concepts that currently resonate in this area. Different theoretical bases as well as different approaches to health care require systematization and specification of criteria of differences, so that we can orientate ourselves in these issues and know the basic approaches that are present in contemporary health care. The point is, however, to show how moral approaches and moral judgments affect the methods and methodologies that are used in relation to these issues and how this may impact on the practical delivery of health care.
14

EVOLUCE SOCIÁLNĚ-EKONOMICKÉHO POJETÍ ZDRAVOTNÍ PÉČE

70%
Durdisová J., Mertl J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2013
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vol. 61
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issue 2
155 – 171
EN
Health care as a socio-economic category is currently undergoing a number of analytically remarkable changes. In countries like the Czech Republic, where in the past there was a universal health care paid from the government budget, we have seen in the last 20 years the development of differentiated forms of health care with special characteristics. This article aims to show changes in perception of health care as socio-economic category in the context of reforms of health systems. Attention is also paid to the international experience in financing schemes of standard and above standard health care and possible scenarios for future development. The article shows the development phases of health care and new problems that arose in this context.
15

REALITA V OBLASTI ZDRAVOTNEJ STAROSTLIVOSTI O DETI NA SLOVENSKU V MEDZIVOJNOVOM OBDOBÍ

61%
Falisová A., Morovicsová E.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2015
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vol. 19
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issue 2
253 – 273
EN
Children require special attention in the field of medico-social. After the World War I infant mortality reached a high value and solution to this problem had gained more and more to its timeliness. In the postwar period the International Red Cross in cooperation with the Czechoslovak government has provided important support for children. American Red Cross began the preventive examinations of children and health education work. Gradually based counselling, which provided care for mothers and children, records of children sick with tuberculosis and other infectious diseases. These consultations formed the basis of socio-medical care for children.
16

VENERICKÉ CHOROBY NA SLOVENSKU V MINULOSTI A EFEKT „AKCIE PN“

61%
Falisová A., Ozorovský V.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2021
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vol. 69
|
issue 1
99 – 118
EN
The study is devoted to the problem of the suppression of venereal diseases in Slovakia and the implementation of action PN. This anti-venereal action was implemented at the beginning of the 1950s in an attempt to stop the spread of venereal diseases in Czechoslovakia. The first stage was directed towards investigation of pregnant women to prevent congenital syphilis. The second stage involved mass screening of the population for syphilis in the selected age group. Almost 4.5 million people were screened in Czechoslovakia during action PN, and almost 18 thousand positive cases were found. The number of inspected people in Slovakia was lower than originally expected. The infected people had to receive obligatory treatment.
17
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THE BIOETHICS OF COEXISTENCE WITH ROBOTS TODAY AND IN THE SCI-FI FUTURE

61%
Károly T.
World Literature Studies
|
2024
|
vol. 16
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issue 2
31 – 43
EN
We are living in an era when the influence of robotization is continually increasing in all possible spheres of human life. Robots are not only helpful for physical activities; they are even taking on, for example, the position of psychotherapists. This article analyses the current influence of robots in healthcare and bioethically examines their mutual coexistence with humans – the robot-patient relationship. We find that it is necessary to consider a new ethics of robots, because it is not always clear why artificial intelligence has arrived at a given solution and what exact sequences it has used to do so. Bioethics should also be inspired by the possible scenarios presented to us by sci-fi stories about the potential technical future. When analysing these narratives, we find that although machines and people coexist, they nevertheless differ from each other, with their own logic, emotions and empathy, their own physics and laws of nature. This machine difference can be a predictable factor of potential dystopias, when machines, based either on their autonomy or the logical consequence of the algorithm, come to violate ethics towards people. Although robots have human-like features, they are not human; therefore, there exists a species boundary between us and them that needs to be controlled.
18

THE REDISTRIBUTIVE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE BRITISH AND DUTCH HEALTH CARE MARKET. IS THERE ANOTHER WAY? (Az allam ujraeloszto szerepe Hollandia es Anglia egeszsegugyi piacan. Mindenki maskepp csinalja?)

51%
Nagy B., Brandtmuller A., Dozsa C.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2009
|
vol. 27
|
issue 2
117-138
EN
From the eighties many developed countries withdrew from many sectors of the economy in order to sustain international competitiveness and financial sustainability while preserving a dominant role on the market of health care. Such trend can be explained by ageing populations, the diffusion of health care technologies, changes in the disease structure and in the preferences of the society. In this study the authors examine these phenomena through the review of the British and Dutch health care systems and allocation mechanisms. Both countries design their health care system through very similar principles: efficiency and equity; and also follow quite different socio-economic preferences, while they respond to challenges in different ways. The role of private sector in the Dutch health care system has been increasing and this has resulted in the development of a national health insurance system based on regulated competition. The underlying principal of British health care has been the promotion of equity which has strongly endorsed the preservation of state-held territorial service monopolies. In spite of finding rudimentary differences in the two countries' health system, governments' role in redistributing health care resources and coordinating health care market remained dominant. At the same time, with the pressure on national health care budgets the role of the private sector, efficiency considerations and competition amplified. The authors find that in spite of the challenges of the global and domestic environment, national health policies still have the possibility to take public preferences firmly into account, and, as a consequence, welfare states do not only reflect to recent changes in the health care sector but have the potential to bring them about.
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