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Vox Patrum
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2008
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vol. 52
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issue 2
1355-1369
EN
Der Gegenstand des Artikels ist die Analyse des kurzeń kosmogonischen Mythos in Pistis Sophia IV 136. Am Anfang prasentiert die Autorin den Inhalt des Mythos und unterscheidet zwei Hauptmotive. Das erste stellt den Zusammenbruch Sabaoths und seiner Archonten (die urspriinglich zum Kónigreich des Lichts gehórten Geister) dar. Das zweite zeigt die Gestaltung des Kosmos durch Gott Jeu ais Gefangnis fur gefallene Geister. Die Autorin zeigt den gnostizischen/gnostischen Motiv der Archonten mit der Geschichte von gefallenen Engeln, die in der Form von Midrasch zu Genesis 6, 2-4 im athiopischen Buch Hennoch entwickeln wurde. Dann richtet sie die Aufmerk-samkeit auf die im Mythos enthaltenen astrologischen Fragen, wie die Wirkung des Schicksals (heimarmene), die Berufung der planetari- schen Gótter - Kronos (Saturn), Ares (Mars), Hermes (Merkur), Aphrodite (Ven- us) und Zeus (Jupiter) und auch der Kalender. In der Frage des Kalenders erklart sich die Verfasserin fur die Anschauung von Benno Przybylski, dargestellt im Auf- satz The Role of Calendrical Data in Gnostic Literaturę, VigCh 34 (1989) 56-70, daB die agyptische Zeitrechnung in Pistis Sophia angenommen worden ist. Ihrer Mei- nung nach zeugen davon die Zahlen: 360 Archonten und 5 planetarische Gótter (den 5 agyptischen Góttem entsprechen 5 epagomenale Tage), was die Ziffer 365 gibt, also die Zahl der Tage im agyptischen Jahr. Die Verfasserin behauptet, daB die Annahme des agyptischen Kalenders verdeutlicht, warum in dieser Erzahlung zwei Planeten - Mond und Sonne - unbeachtet bleiben.
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
85-98
EN
Numenius is an author who straddles the line between Middle Platonism and Neoplatonism. In this contribution, I focus on the differences between the second and the third God, which emerge from analyses of the relevant fragments. Numenius emphasizes, on several occasions, how the second God (i.e., the demiurge) has a dual nature. In this paper, I investigate the role of the demiurge in Numenius and examine in what sense the second and third God are “one.” On the one hand, Numenius seems to be stressing the unity of the second and third levels of reality, but on the other hand, he also appears to be differentiating them. The present analyses concentrate on fragments 19F, 24F, 29T and 30T (respectively 11, 16, 21, and 22 in des Places’ edition). My purpose is to demonstrate that, according to Numenius, the second and the third God are one because they both can be regarded as demiurgic. Thus, Numenius conceives a kind of “double demiurgy,” which preserves the distinction between the second and the third God, who are distinguished from an ontological point of view, but who, at the same time, share a demiurgic function. The second God is then the paradigm, whereas the third God is immanent in matter as a ruling principle of the cosmos, which is similar to the World Soul, as he operates on matter in order to make it rationally ordered.
Peitho. Examina Antiqua
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2018
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vol. 9
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issue 1
37-52
EN
Plato tries to explain the becoming of the cosmos by referring to the concepts of order and disorder. Scholars have usually focused on the relationship between the cosmos and the demiurge that Plato puts forward to explain the reasonable (i.e., well-ordered) development. Along these lines, scholarship has examined the providential role played by both the demiurge and the soul of the world. Yet, an interesting prob­lem still remains open: what exactly is the function of disorder? What is the sense of the concept of a perfectly established order if we do not know the manner in which it is achieved, since we have no understand­ing of the conditions that make it possible? Pursuing this line of thought, one may point to a providential role of the disorder given the balance of forces that operates in Plato’s cosmic becoming.
EN
This article examines the representation of the environment in the Canti by Giacomo Leopardi. The author seeks to show the Leopardian environment as a place where history, nature and the cosmos intersect. The immensity and simultaneity of these three elements determines the way the lyric subject inhabits the world. Leopardi’s poetic focus is on his painful experience of the environment, which remains an indifferent and destructive agent. The poet deconstructs classical and romantic models of nature and culture by appealing to the aesthetics of the sublime, which unlike Kant is not the means of understanding but the way to experience the planetary character of existence.
EN
The article presents a consideration of the space of nature in the work Drive Your Plough Over the Bones of the Dead by Olga Tokarczuk. The variously treated and read space, in which the main character of the book functions, becomes a contribution to reflection on the place of nature in the human environment. Nature understood as the place of plant and animal life, nature as part of the cosmic universe, as well as the myth of Nature. The article also shows how Olga Tokarczuk’s book fits into environmental criticism.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2011
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vol. 39
|
issue 1
51-82
EN
The present article discusses the vision of the future presented by the French Jesuit and paleontologist, Pierre Teilhard de Chardin. After introducing Teilhard’s main ideas, the author discusses his views on religion and the Church, and then presents the end of history according to Teilhard, which is intended to unify the cosmos and humanity with God in a monistic synthesis – the final result of convergent evolution. The article makes use of the works of de Chardin and the many publications that have been written about his philosophy.
EN
In the framework of Greek myth, Muses represent a very specific divine power, without a proper analogy in other known mythological systems. Their birth crowns the process of cosmogony, bringing the world into the manifestation: the song of the Muses celebrates the world-order and makes it explicit through its articulation by means of the speech. The world as a whole thus enters the domain of appearance and new cosmological categories emerge. The first one being the beauty of the cosmos: as a world-order as well as the ordered whole, it can now manifest itself as beautiful. The second one being the possibility of fiction, of a delusive appearance: the complex reality can manifest itself in many incompatible ways, partial and thus potentially misleading. The third one being the reflexivity of the cosmos, founded on the reflexivity of the musical speech itself. The Muses are capable to manifest themselves, and even their own manifestation. By means of their song, the world becomes manifest to itself, too. The complex system of divine powers gains a reflexive character, as we try to demonstrate in the course of Hesiod’s Theogony, as well as of the Homeric Hymn to Hermes. In its last part, the paper examines the reflexivity in the domain of the mortals. There it is closely linked with the activity of the poets who interpret the song of the Muses, for it becomes accessible to humans. As an example, we try to trace the theme of reflexivity in the course of Homer’s Odyssey.
EN
In Gombrowicz’s novel Cosmos we can find a idea of reality, which is very similar to Nietzsche’s metaphysical postulates. In this article I’d like to show that points in the views both of authors, which are compatible. Both of them characterize truth of existence by chaos and becoming. Polish writer assumes that man has a ground in the chaos, but can’t live without the ordering categories. Nietzsche also claims that we stay in world of pretence, because we haven’t the instruments to experience the “will of power” reality. It is a reason why people are looking for the way a chaos forming. They have found the constancy in the language and in the logic, which creates the world of pretence. In Gombrowicz’s novel human’s world is created by form. People have to live in themselves reality, because chaos is a way to madness
9
75%
EN
In Gombrowicz’s novel Cosmos we can find a idea of reality, which is very similar to Nietzsche’s metaphysical postulates. In this article I’d like to show that points in the views both of authors, which are compatible. Both of them characterize truth of existence by chaos and becoming. Polish writer assumes that man has a ground in the chaos, but can’t live without the ordering categories. Nietzsche also claims that we stay in world of pretence, because we haven’t the instruments to experience the “will of power” reality. It is a reason why people are looking for the way a chaos forming. They have found the constancy in the language and in the logic, which creates the world of pretence. In Gombrowicz’s novel human’s world is created by form. People have to live in themselves reality, because chaos is a way to madness.
EN
The aim of this article is to present a different understanding of cluttering: not in the category of ‘fluency disorders’, but as a complex language and communication dis-order. A complementary approach to the phenomena of order and disorder was proposed in relation to the non‑antagonistic mythical and religious concept of the cosmos and chaos, linguistic adaptations of the theory of chaos, and considerations on the idea of chaosmos. Polish‑language speech therapy literature shows the examples of perceiving chaos and order in cluttering as mutually conditioning, non‑antagonistic forces. The article closes with postulates of opening to (neuro)diversity, bridging gaps between different language and communication orders as well as respecting by the recipients a sufficiently structured way of speaking, a way in which a clutterer communicates.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie innego niż w kategorii „zaburzenia płynności” rozumienia giełkotu, tj. jako złożonego bezładu językowo‑komunikacyjnego. Zaproponowano komplementarne ujęcie zjawisk ładu i bezładu, nawiązując do nieantagonistycznej mityczno‑religijnej koncepcji kosmosu i chaosu, humanistycznych, w tym lingwistycznych adaptacji teorii chaosu oraz rozważań na temat idei chaosmosu. W polskojęzycznych publikacjach logopedycznych wskazano przykłady ujmowania chaosu i porządku w giełkocie jako sił wzajemnie się warunkujących, nieantagonistycznych. Artykuł wieńczą postulaty otwarcia na (neuro)różnorodność, budowania pomostów pomiędzy różnymi porządkami językowo‑komunikacyjnymi oraz respektowania przez odbiorców wystarczająco uporządkowanego sposobu mówienia, sposobu porozumiewania się osoby z giełkotem.
Res Rhetorica
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2017
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vol. 4
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issue 2
15-28
EN
Since Thomas Kuhn’s revolutionary look at the social construction of science, research into the rhetorics of science has shown how science is a persuasive form of discourse, rarely as transparent and self-evident as is often understood. Rhetorical studies have taken this cue to examine how science is constructed through available means beyond mere logic. Arguably, the resurgence of creationist beliefs in political discourse has brought on a new impetus in science to persuade the “hearts and minds” of the American population, inspiring Neil deGrasse Tyson’s remaking of Carl Sagan’s 1980 documentary "Cosmos". Using Rudolph Otto’s, "The Idea of the Holy", this article will define religion as an ineffable experience that creates “creature-consciousness,” or a sense of awe and insufficiency towards something outside the self, while also producing a sense of identification or “oneness.” The ineffable experience is core to the public making of science, just as the ineffable experience plays a defining role in religions. Though science and religion are often seen as mutually exclusively (sometimes in opposition), identifying the ineffable experience as a shared ground can provide opportunities for science and religion to dialogue in new ways.
PL
Od czasu rewolucyjnego spojrzenia Tomasza Kuhna na społeczną konstrukcję nauki badania nad retoryką nauki pokazały, że nauka jest perswazyjną formą dyskursu, rzadko tak przejrzystą i oczywistą, jak często jest rozumiana. Badania retoryczne podjęły ten wątek, analizując, jak konstruowana jest nauka za pomocą środków innych niż logika. Odrodzenie kreacjonistycznych przekonań w dyskursie politycznym dało nowy impuls w nauce, aby przekonać „serca i umysły” Amerykanów i zainspirowało Neila deGrasse Tysona do przygotowania nowej odsłony fi lmu dokumentalnego pt. "Cosmos" autorstwa Marka Carlosa Sagana z 1980 roku. Na bazie książki "The Idea of the Holy" Rudolpha Otto, artykuł ten definiuje religię jako niewysłowione doświadczenie, które tworzy „świadomość istoty”, a także poczucie podziwu i niewystarczalności wobec czegoś poza sobą, jednocześnie tworząc poczucie tożsamości lub „jedności”. Niewysłowione doświadczenie jest podstawą publicznego podejmowania tematu nauki, podobnie jak niewysłowione doświadczenie odgrywa decydującą rolę w religiach. Choć nauka i religia są często postrzegane jako wzajemnie wykluczające się (czasami opozycyjne), określenie niewysłowionego doświadczenia jako wspólnej płaszczyzny może zapewnić nowe możliwości dialogu pomiędzy nauką i religią.
EN
This contribution endeavours to show the substance of Machovec’s philo¬sophical thinking in the context of his time and the coordinates of his personal life. Tis we can best trace in the problems the seeking meaning in life. That is for Machovec a lifelong concern. He understands humans and their discovery of meaning in this world as a complex problem. Its core is a cultivated orientation of each individual in the world. As a “master of dialogue”, Machovec shows the possibilities of seeking self-determination in this way.
PL
W artykule omówiono znaczenie motywu zorzy w pięciu fraszkach Jana Kochanowskiego: „Do snu” (II 37), „Modlitwa o deszcz” (III 72), „Na matematyka” (I 53), „Do Jędrzeja” (II 53), „Do Stanisława” (I 63), na tle innych nawiązań do owego fenomenu w twórczości poety oraz w odniesieniu do antycznych i renesansowych koncepcji przyrodoznawczych i konwencji literackich. W motywie tym uwidaczniają się dwa najważniejsze w dziełach artysty przejawy piękna kosmosu: matematyczna miara i świetlistość. Zorza porządkuje przestrzeń, gdyż wyznacza strony świata, oraz czas, gdyż reguluje porządek dobowy. To również zjawisko świetlne, którego piękna nie sposób racjonalnie wytłumaczyć. Zdobi makrokosmos – niebo, oraz mikrokosmos – człowieka (zwłaszcza nadobne panny), a także – jako stylistyczny ornament – mikrokosmos dzieła literackiego. Zgodnie z myślą neoplatońską zorza poprzez swoje piękno odsyła do Piękna najwyższego, przerastającego ludzkie poznanie.
EN
This article discusses the significance of the aurora motif in Jan Kochanowski’s “Fraszki” (“Trifles”): “Do snu” (“To Sleep,” II 37), “Modlitwa o deszcz” (“Prayer for Rain,” III 72), “Na matematyka” (“To the Mathematician,” I 53), “Do Jędrzeja” (“To Jędrzej,” II 53), and “Do Stanisława” (“To Stanisław”) (I 63), against the background of other references to this phenomenon in the poet’s works and in relation to ancient and Renaissance natural science concepts and literary conventions. The motif couples the two most important manifestations of beauty of the cosmos in the author’s oeuvre: mathematical measure and luminosity. The aurora orders space, as it determines the directions of the world, and time, since it regulates the order of the day. It is also a luminous phenomenon, the beauty of which cannot be explained in rational terms. It adorns the macrocosm—the sky—and the microcosm—the human being (especially fair maidens)—and, as a stylistic ornament, the literary work microcosm. In accordance with Neoplatonic thought, through its beauty it refers to the supreme Beauty, surpassing human cognition.
PL
Pojęcie kosmosu ukształtowane w starożytnej filozofii greckiej ma współcześnie odmienną treść, co odzwierciedla porzucenie idei kosmosu jako ustanowionego przez bogów porządku. Autor artykułu, jako antropolog kulturowy i adept astronomii, opisuje ten problem, analizując wybrane koncepcje kosmosu oraz takich ciał niebieskich, jak Wenus czy Syriusz. Koncepcje te to przykłady alternatywnej wiedzy, która była ważnym składnikiem systemów kulturowych. Na drugim planie podjętych w tym artykule rozważań brane są pod uwagę kwestie dotyczące epistemologii i filozofii nauki.
EN
The concept of the cosmos, shaped in ancient Greek philosophy, has a different meaning today. This change of meaning reflects rejection of the idea of the cosmos as order established by the gods. The author of the article, as a cultural anthropologist and amateur astronomer, describes this problem by analyzing selected examples of the concepts of the cosmos and of celestial bodies, such as Venus and Sirius. These concepts are examples of alternative knowledge that was an important component of cultural systems. Also touched upon in the article are issues of epistemology and philosophy of science.
EN
One of the manifestations of the contemporary cultural and civilizational crisis is the ecological crisis caused by the overexploitation and devastation of the natural living environment. The root cause of this phenomenon is seen in false thinking and a narrowed cognitive perspective directed exclusively towards utilitarian processing of the world and the reduction of man as a means in the pursuit of economic gain. Already at the beginning of the 20th century, existentialists such as Martin Heidegger and Gabriel Marcel, as well as contemporary Joseph Ratzinger, warned of these dangers, postulating a return to such ideas as integral knowledge of man, God and the world directed towards wisdom, contemplation, fraternity, humility and asceticism in the sense of modesty of intention. These are not some new ideas invented for the moment; they are all to be found in the ancient heritage of European culture, especially in the forgotten, despised Middle Ages, whose wisdom and rich deposits of meaning still remain undiscovered. The works of the medieval masters containing unsurpassed syntheses of knowledge about the whole of reality, the beauty of the natural world, human dignity, the meaning of life and its ultimate goals can inspire, teach and nourish today's lost, spiritually starved man.
PL
Jednym z przejawów współczesnego kryzysu kulturowego i cywilizacyjnego jest kryzys ekologiczny, spowodowany nadmierną eksploatacją i dewastacją naturalnego środowiska życia. Przyczyn tego zjawiska upatruje się w fałszywym myśleniu i zawężonej perspektywie poznawczej, ukierunkowanej wyłącznie na utylitarne przetwarzanie świata i redukcję człowieka do roli środka w pogoni za zyskiem ekonomicznym. Już na początku XX wieku egzystencjaliści, tacy jak Martin Heidegger i Gabriel Marcel, a współcześnie także m.in. Joseph Ratzinger (Benedykt XVI), ostrzegali przed tymi niebezpieczeństwami, postulując powrót do takich idei, jak integralne poznanie człowieka, Boga i świata, ukierunkowane na mądrość, kontemplację, braterstwo, pokorę i ascezę w sensie skromności zamierzeń. Nie są to jakieś nowe idee wymyślone na potrzeby chwili; wszystkie można odnaleźć w starożytnym dziedzictwie kultury europejskiej, zwłaszcza w zapomnianym i pogardzanym średniowieczu, którego mądrość i bogate pokłady sensu wciąż pozostają nieodkryte. Celem artykułu jest wskazanie na wybrane dzieła średniowiecznych mistrzów, które zawierają niezrównane syntezy wiedzy o całej rzeczywistości, pięknie świata przyrody, godności człowieka, sensie życia i jego ostatecznych celach mogą inspirować, uczyć i karmić dzisiejszego zagubionego, wygłodzonego duchowo człowieka.
Teologia w Polsce
|
2024
|
vol. 18
|
issue 1
67-79
EN
Typically, mysticism is separated from dogma. Dogma gives theoretical knowledge, while mysticism gives experience of the reality about which the dogma speaks. Roman Rogowski tries to connect these two separate ways of talking about reality. On the basis of the event from above on Mount Tabor Rogowski lays the foundations for mystical Christology. For the three Apostles: Peter, James andJohn, Mount Tabor was an experience of Christological dogma: “You are the Messiah, the Son of the living God” (Mt 16:16). This experience gave the Apostles an experimental knowledge of Christ. Rogowski’s mystical Christology concretizes the thesis of the Orthodox theologian Vladimir Nikolaievich Lossky: there is no Christology without mysticism, and mysticism is the pinnacle of Christology. From the formal side, Rogowski’s mystical Christology does not take the form of a theological treatise in the strict sense. It is close to narrative theology, which is a collection of stories about topics related to faith. Rogowski not only laid the foundations for mystical Christology based on the historical saving significance of mountains, but also showed the importance of mountains for man as a homo viator. For Rogowski, a man who is the image of God wanders around the mountains that God sustains in existence. The mountains are the frame or screen of God revealing himself, because in the act of creation by the One who is Mystery, they received something of His mystery. This mystery of the mountains suggests to the mind the existence of God, and the fear and fascination caused by the mountains make one feel God. This mountain mysticism, however, is only a foreground of the mysticism that the three Apostles: Peter, James and John, experienced on Mount Tabor.
PL
Zazwyczaj mistykę oddziela się od dogmatu. Dogmat daje poznanie teoretyczne, natomiast mistyka daje doświadczenie rzeczywistości, o której mówi dogmat. Te dwa odrębne sposoby mówienia o rzeczywistości próbuje powiązać ze sobą Roman Rogowski. Na bazie wydarzenia z góry Tabor Rogowski kładzie podwaliny mistycznej chrystologii. Dla trzech apostołów − Piotra, Jakuba i Jana − góraTabor była doświadczeniem chrystologicznego dogmatu: „Ty jesteś Mesjasz, Syn Boga żywego” (Mt 16,16). To doświadczenie dało apostołom jakby eksperymentalne poznanie Chrystusa. Mistyczna chrystologia Rogowskiego konkretyzuje tezę prawosławnego teologa Włodzimierza Łosskiego: nie ma chrystologii bez mistyki, a mistyka jest szczytem chrystologii. Od strony formalnej mistyczna chrystologia Rogowskiego nie przybiera formy traktatu teologicznego w ścisłym znaczeniu. Zbliża się ona do teologii narratywnej, która jest zbiorem opowiadań dotyczących tematów związanych z wiarą. Rogowski nie tylko dał podwaliny mistycznej chrystologii na bazie historiozbawczego znaczenia gór, lecz także ukazał znaczenie gór dla człowieka będącego homo viator. Dla Rogowskiego po górach, które Bóg podtrzymuje w istnieniu, wędruje człowiek będący obrazem Boga. Góry są ramą lub ekranem objawiającego się Boga, bo w akcie stworzenia przez Tego, który jest Tajemnicą, otrzymały coś z Jego tajemnicy. Ta tajemnica gór podpowiada rozumowiistnienie Boga, a trwoga i fascynacja wywoływane górami dają odczuć Boga. Ta górska mistyka jest jednak tylko przedpolem tej mistyki, której Piotr, Jakub i Jan doświadczyli na górze Tabor.
EN
The sketch devoted to the parallel creation spaces in the works of Leopold Staff ’s and Bolesław Leśmian’s is an attempt to show the way reality – in which the poets portray – in conjunction with a mirror. In the analyzed works, the lyrics revealing similarities in borderline and epistemological situations in the lives of the heroes of Staff ’s and Leśmian’s were subjected to interpretation. The use and sexual transformation of the Narcissus myth was indicated, using the instruments offered by comparative mythology
18
55%
EN
The article presents the evolution of the theme of Armia Krajowa (Home Army) and the Warsaw Uprising, in Ficowski’s poetry. The theme, engaged by the poet in the late 1940s (Ołowiani żołnierze, 1948), was quickly abandoned as incompatible with the imaginary, magical direction in the development of young Ficowski’s poetry. Neither was the theme fostered by the general political background of the “dead season” of Communist Poland, by censorship, and by Ficowski’s fear of settling for the post-Romantic stereotype and patriotic myth-making. The theme returned in the 1970s (Gryps, 1979; Errata, 1981), which was related to Ficowski’s decision to liberate himself from self-censorship, and his readiness to express the once repressed content in his own, mature poetic idiom. The present study presents two aspects of historical narration in the Home-Army poems from the 1970s: the fabulous quality, which positions history in Ficowski’s private topics and intimate memory, and the scientific, naturalistic quality, which relates history to physical and cosmic categories. Both aspects redeem the poetry from the narrow specificity of Polish national myth, and make it possible to reconcile individual truth of the experience of death and suffering with the discourse of concepts and historiosophy, which also touches upon the cosmic order.
EN
The East German-Polish co-production The Silent Star (1960, Kurt Maetzig) belongs to the group of early postwar Eastern European science fiction films which still remain barely examined by film and genre historians. The article summarizes the existing research on the film and investigates not only the specific formal character of Maetzig’s unprecedented project, but also the numerous ideological and political motivations which stood behind it.
EN
The core of theology is to explain in what way different realities are connected to one another: three Persons and one substance, God and the world, the spiritual and material substance, substance and its inner stuff. This article begins with a reflection on the interior of God and then goes on to develop into a reflection on the connection of God with time, history, space and matter, but first of all with people. 
PL
Rdzeniem teologii jest wyjaśnianie tego, w jaki sposób powiązane są różne rzeczywistości: trzy Osoby i jedna substancja, Bóg i świat, substancja duchowa i materialna, substancja i jej wewnętrzne wyposażenie. Niniejszy artykuł rozpoczyna się od refleksji nad wnętrzem Boga a następnie rozwija się w refleksji nad powiązaniem Boga z czasem, historią, przestrzenia i materią, a przede wszystkim z ludźmi.
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