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Mluvená čeština v Praze a Brně: sonda do mluvených korpusů

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Kodýtek V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2007
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vol. 68
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issue 1
23-37
EN
This article examines selected variations in spoken Czech in two sub-corpora of the Czech National Corpus: the Prague Spoken Corpus (PSC) and the Brno Spoken Corpus (BSC). These include the prothetic v- at the beginning of words starting with o-, variations in case endings of hard stem adjectives and the third person indicative plural endings in major verb classes, as well as the usage of the personal pronoun já and/or the auxiliary verb jsem in the past tense forms. Our interpretation of changes in apparent time is checked against data from the relevant literature. The most significant change is the decline of the prothetic v- in the BSC, reported for Brno earlier by Krčmová (1981, 1997). We show that it is female speakers who are leading this change. The PSC informal speech is stable, while a significant shift toward colloquial variants has been identified in formal discourse. In the past tense, the form without the auxiliary jsem is rare except for já myslel(a) in the PSC.
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K možnostem stylistického hodnocení jazykových prostředků v mluvených projevech učitelů základních škol

84%
Jindráček V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2020
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vol. 81
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issue 1
31-64
EN
In the present study, the author seeks to explore features peculiar to spoken language in Czech schools. For this purpose, the system of stylistic classification of linguistic items proposed by J. Homoláč and K. Mrázková is used. This system is based on an understanding of the Czech language situation as consisting of two basic sets of communicative situations: (1) everyday communication and (2) the realization of higher communicative aims. Data for the present study comprised 31 audio-recordings of classes in grades 6–9 conducted in Czech schools: the participants were 4 teachers and their pupils (aged 11–15). This material was described using the following criteria: (1) everyday communication or institutional communication, (2) the position of the linguistic item on the axis of high, medium and low style, (3) expressiveness of the linguistic item, (4) typically Bohemian or Moravian use. The analysis shows that the stylistic classification of linguistic items in these spoken texts should reflect criteria derived from the description of communication situations rather than their link to structural varieties of Czech (Standard Czech or Common Czech).
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Srovnání mluvených korpusů : skutečně jen odlišná hlediska?

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Křen M., Waclawičová M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2019
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vol. 80
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issue 2
128-139
EN
Recently, more attention has been paid to the issues of corpus design and representativeness. These issues are especially important for general-purpose language corpora such as the spoken corpora developed within the framework of the Czech National Corpus. This text is a response to Jan Chromý’s paper “Comparison of spoken corpora from a sociolinguistic perspective” (Slovo a slovesnost 78, 2017: 145-158), in which the author compares the general-purpose spoken corpus ORAL2013 with his own dataset collected for the SAUP project. We argue that some of his claims are not justified by the findings presented in the paper and that his understanding of the concept of representativeness is rather misleading. Therefore, we aim to clarify some fundamental design decisions adopted for the compilation of ORAL2013 by responding to the specific objections raised by Chromý. We also point out some methodological and reasoning inconsistencies in his paper.
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Korpusový výzkum mluveného jazyka na příkladu češtiny a angličtiny: současný stav

84%
Čermáková A., Kopřivová M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2018
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vol. 79
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issue 3
217-240
EN
The article aims to review corpus-based research on spoken language, emphasizing issues in description and conceptualization of the grammar of spoken language in relation to the grammar of written language. The review first briefly looks at the development of spoken corpora, from simply transcribed corpora without sound alignment to today’s sophisticated multi-modal corpora. The main part of the article deals with issues concerning the metalanguage for the description of spoken language, the choice of its basic descriptive unit, the status of basic linguistic categories such as part-of-speech, and typical lexical and grammatical devices. The existing extensive research on spoken English is reviewed and in line with it, illustrative examples based on Czech spoken corpora are provided. These are further contrasted with examples from written data to enhance the inherent differences between spoken and written language and the need to adjust the metalanguage of the description.
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Užívání trpných příčestí v současných veřejných dialogických projevech

84%
Mrázková K.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2007
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vol. 68
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issue 1
3-22
EN
The Czech passive participle is often considered a bookish form whose usage is confined to written language, especially to technical and specialized literature. Czech speakers often use “the long form” of the respective deverbative adjective instead of the passive participle and they do so ever more frequently, not only when speaking but often also when writing in Literary Czech. This situation has been the subject of discussion by Czech linguists for decades. The article presents the findings of a research based on the DIALOG corpus, a large linguistic corpus of contemporary spoken Czech containing transcripts of TV political debates and talk shows. The research reveals that the past participle forms are comparatively frequent in the corpus analysed, while, in contrast, the alternative forms of the long deverbative adjective used in a manner which can be classified as non-standard or non-literary are rare. The results also partly confirm that the passive voice of perfective verbs is considerably more common than that of imperfective verbs, while on the other hand the instances of imperfective passive forms found in the corpus show that their use is fully appropriate. The last section deals with the relation of the use of passive participles to code-switching between Literary and Colloquial Czech.
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Mluvená syntax v Naší řeči

67%
Zeman J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2017
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vol. 100
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issue 3
114-120
EN
The article focuses on the presentation of some specific aspects of Czech spoken syntax. It draws attention to several methodological problems accompanying research of this kind. It is based on articles published in the journal Naše řeč.
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Si představ, by mě zajímalo, ti to ukážu: Jednoslabičné začátky syntaktických segmentů v mluvené češtině

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Hoffmannová J., Richterová O.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2015
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vol. 97
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issue 1
9-20
EN
The paper deals with a phenomenon frequently encountered in the syntax of spoken Czech, namely one-syllable words, mostly of pronominal or verbal nature (se, si, sem, ste, sme, mě, mi, mu, tě, ti, bych, bys, by…) at the beginning of syntactic segments. At this stage, the analysis focuses on three forms: by, si, ti. The authors address the issue of the difficult identification of segment boundaries, including the influence of turn-taking in dialogue. The data was taken from the ORAL2013 corpus; the paper further looks into the usefulness of this corpus for the investigation of dialogue syntax, its query options and the possible interpretation of the presented evidence. The results have shown so far that the one-syllable beginnings in question are based on the elision of certain, mostly pronominal, expressions, or less frequently on word-order inversion. Furthermore, to a certain extent, they correlate with selected non-verbal discourse phenomena (longer pauses, silence, laughter), with syntactic phenomena (repetitions, corrections, parentheses, aposiopesis, etc.) and also with speaker turn-taking and topic change.
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Výzkum syntaxe mluvené češtiny: inventarizace problémů

67%
Hoffmannová J., Zeman J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2017
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vol. 78
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issue 1
45-66
EN
Until now, Czech grammars have focused primarily on the syntax of written texts, paying little attention to spoken discourse. In the present article, the authors have sought to a) explore the existing works on syntax to identify references to features peculiar to spoken Czech (normally classified as “deviations from regular sentence patterns”); b) complement them with findings of Czech dialectologists; and c) expand the context to include results of the few authors who consistently explore spoken Czech and its syntax (particularly O. Müllerová and M. Hirschová). The inventory of features so far identified as peculiar to spoken syntax includes, among other things, syntactic units appended after a point of syntactic completion, parentheses, corrections, reported speech, the free dative etc. In addition to syntax, some of the features belong to the lexical-syntactic level (conjunctions, particles, phatic expressions), while others concern hypersyntax (the proportion of parataxis, hypotaxis and juxtaposition). The syntax of spoken Czech is to be understood as a syntax of utterances and turns (not of sentences); it has to be investigated in terms of its dialogic and processual nature, with a clear orientation to the sound form of syntactic structures and to the role of non-verbal means of communication.
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"I mému dědovi říkali pan Vejkrychta, asi se jim to lépe vyslovovalo…" K užívání příjmení v mluvené komunikaci

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Dvořáková Ž., Štěpánová V.
Acta onomastica
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2025
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vol. 66
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issue 2
355-375
EN
The article focuses on the use of surnames in spoken Czech. The material was drawn from inquiries submitted to the Language Consulting Centre of the Czech Language Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, and from correspondence related to the radio program On the Origin of Surnames. The evidence is classified based on individual topics: family usage, uncertainty regarding the pronunciation of one’s own surname, name distortion, and the thematic discussion of surname origins. The most frequent linguistic phenomena observed in the pronunciation of specific surnames include the presence versus absence of the vowel [ɛ], vowel length variation, and the pronunciation of consonants represented by the letters d, t, n. Many of these cases involve surnames of German origin.
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