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EN
This article presents the results of empirical research on the labour market of city travel guides, regional guides and mountain guides as well as tour leaders. The aim of this article is to evaluate the demand for the services of travel guides and tour leaders. The study included tourism entrepreneurs and the method of a diagnostic survey with the use of computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) was applied. The obtained results confirmed the thesis that the labour market of travel guides and tour leaders is not stable and this is due to the seasonality, level of earnings and changing model of travel organization. The study also showed that in the five-year period from the deregulation of the professions, the market relations between travel guides and tour leaders on the one hand and tourism entrepreneurs on the other did not undergo fundamental changes. The results of the study may be useful for tour operators, organisations associating travel guides and tour leaders as well as for tourism administration at the central and regional level.
EN
The study is based on 25 printed travel guides published between years 1784–1909 (1926) focusing on Italy. The authors and publishers of the travel guides were Heinrich August Ottakar Reichard, John Murray, Karl Baedeker and Teodor Gsell Fels, i.e. the books used by travellers from Czech territories, as indicated in several different resources. This type of travel book presents a valuable resource of travel history depicting material conditions of different travel environment, changes of routes and of the visited country – Italy.
EN
This article traces travel guides for foreigners published in 1925, 1928 and 1929 by the All-Union Society for Cultural Ties Abroad (VOKS), using as a blueprint guides by the German publisher Baedeker. The aim of the article is to analyze the activities of the VOKS, as well other institutional players engaged in the preparation of the first travel guides for the Soviet Union in the 1920s, as elements of external propaganda of the USSR. Specifically, the article will analyze the structure and content of the Soviet travel guides and compare them with the German travel guide for Southern Russia of 1912. The article also concentrates on the planning, the wiring and printing of the texts, on relations with censorship offices, and on the distribution or even the destruction of all the printed copies. The preparation of the article was thanks to a research grant at the European University Viadrina, Frankfurt/ Oder, Program Erasmus Mundus, 2016.
Turyzm
|
2021
|
vol. 31
|
issue 1
11-19
EN
The key aim of this article is to provide an interdisciplinary look at tourism and its diachronic textual threads bequeathed by the ‘proto-tourist’ texts of the Greek travel author Pausanias. Using the periegetic, travel texts from his voluminous Description of Greece (2nd century CE) as a springboard for our presentation, we intend to show how the textual strategies employed by Pausanias have been received and still remain at the core of contemporary series of travel guides first authored by Karl Baedeker (in the 19th century). After Baedeker, Pausanias’ textual travel tropes, as we will show, still inform the epistemology of modern-day tourism; the interaction of travel texts with travel information and distribution channels produces generic hybrids, and the ancient Greek travel authors have paved the way for the construction of networks, digital storytelling and global tourist platforms.
EN
This article addresses the issue of the functioning of landscape elements in the texts belonging to the genre of the literary guide. Starting from a specific, cultural way of understanding the category of landscape, the author seeks to highlight the connections between the birth of literary tourism in the 19th century and the growing interest in landscape. The evidence of its influence on the development of tourism seems to be substantiated by guidebooks of the period, in which records of landscape remain central. This, in turn, makes it possible to think of the guidebook as an archive of literary representations of landscape. The modality of such textual forms is revealed in various startegies, from the overt citations from other works, to the more metaphorical ways, involving the Baedeker strategy of script.
PL
W artykule podjęta została problematyka funkcjonowania elementów krajobrazowych w tekstach należących do gatunku przewodnika literackiego. Wychodząc od specyficznego, kulturowego sposobu rozumienia kategorii krajobrazu, autor stara się naświetlić związki między XIX-wiecznymi narodzinami turystyki literackiej i równoległym wzrostem zainteresowania problemem pejzażu. Dowodów wpływu tego zainteresowania na rozwój turystyki zdają się dostarczać przewodnikowe teksty z epoki, w których problem pejzażu zajmuje ważną pozycję i jest w szczególny sposób dokumentowany; wskazane dokumentowanie zaś pozwala myśleć o przewodniku jak o swoistym archiwum literackich przedstawień pejzaży. Modalność przewodnika jako archiwum ujawnia się na różne sposoby, od tych oczywistych, związanych z cytowaniem fragmentów dzieł, po te metaforyczne, obejmujące bedekerową strategię scenariusza.
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