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EN
The French debate on memory has its roots mainly in the work of Maurice Halbwachs (Les cadres sociaux de la memoire, 1925,). Halbwachs’ basic theory is that memory does not exist in itself, but is always defined by what are known as “social frameworks”. The latter are not status elements of memory but are formed by the priorities of society. Another reason for the non-existence of memory “in itself” is the form of communication (speech). In this respect Halbswachs’ theory is confirmed by the analyses of Roland Barthes, in particular. Halbswachs’ ideas have inspired two main historical movements today, both of them related chiefly to what are known as commemorative festivals. Eric Hobsbawm is concerned above all with the problem ofthe conscious formation of social and historical memory through these acts, while Paul Connerton, a represent of historical research ofthis kind after the “linguistic” turning point, concentrates mainly on internal symbolism and the structure of the event. In Czech conditions the concept of the “second life”, with which the question of social and historical memory is very tightly connected, has been the focus of scholarly treatment since the 1970s, but under the influence ofthe current situation it has taken a different direction to this kind of research in France or (taking the French as model) in Germany.
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The article was originally published in English under the title “Beyond the Assimilationist Narrative: Historiography on the Jews of the Bohemian Lands and Poland after the Second World War” in the Polish journal Studia Judaica, Vol. 19, No. 1 (37) (2016), pp. 129–155. The authoress compares the historiographies of the postwar history of Jews in the Czech Lands and Poland, analyzing not only differences between, but above all similarities in paradigms of interpretations of the Jewish experience in these two regions. She first compares the institutional base, contents, and quantity of research of Jewish history in the Communist and post-Communist Czechoslovakia and Poland, drawing a conclusion that while dozens of publications on the post-war experience of Polis Jews were written in Poland in the 1980s and particularly in the 1990s, writing about the modern Jewish history (save for a few works on Theresienstadt) had been unacceptable in Czechoslovakia until the political changes in 1989, and even then the interest of Czech historians in the post-war life of Czech Jews (unlike that in their tragic fate during the war) did not show any substantial increase. At the same time, the authoress claims that it generally holds true (and not only for the Polish and Czech/Czechoslovak historiographies) that while the notion of assimilation has been broadly criticized and questioned with respect to the older period of the Jewish history, it still dominates in works dealing with the time after the 2nd World War. This means, in fact, that the post-war existence and experience of religious-minded Czech and Polish Jews has been either denied, or marginalized, and that the history of Jews, who are often perceived as a monolithic social group, has been misleadingly interpreted as a story of linear assimilation. To a substantial extent, the interpretation is a result of the unacceptable generalization/extrapolation of the situation in the center (Prague, Warsaw) to that in outlying regions. It must be noted that roughly a half of the post-war Jewish population in the Czech Lands were immigrant who had lived in Carpathian Ruthenia or eastern Slovakia before the war and who were forming up new communities based on different traditions; similarly, almost a half of the post-war Jewish population in Poland were living in Lower Silesia where they had been repatriated from the Soviet Union. Compared to the assimilation narrative burdened with nationalism and conforming to the official interpretation of the Communist era, the authoress offers alternatives respecting the complexity and plurality of the human society.
CS
Článek původně vyšel v anglické verzi pod názvem ,,Beyond the Assimilationist Narrative: Historiography on the Jews of the Bohemian Lands and Poland after the Second World War´´ v polském časopise Studia Judaica, roč. 19, č. 1 (37) (2016), s. 129-155. Autorka porovnává historiografii poválečných židovských dějin v českých zemích a v Polsku, přičemž analyzuje nejen vzájemné rozdíly, ale především podobnosti v paradigmatech interpretace židovské zkušenosti v těchto dvou regionech. Nejprve poměřuje institucionální základnu bádání o židovských dějinách, obsah tohoto výzkumu a kvantitu produkce v komunistickém a postkomunistickém Československu a Polsku a konstatuje, že zatímco v Polsku byly už v osmdesátých, a především v devadesátých letech napsány desítky publikací o poválečné zkušenosti polských Židů, v Československu bylo psaní o moderních židovských dějinách (kromě několika prací o Terezíně) až do politické změny v roce 1989 nepřípustné a ani poté se zájem domácích historiků o poválečný život českých Židů (na rozdíl od jejich tragického osudu ve válečných letech) příliš nezvýšil. Podle autorky přitom obecně (a nejen pro polskou a českou, respektive československou historiografii) platí, že zatímco koncept asimilace byl široce kritizován a zpochybněn pro starší období dějin Židů, v dílech o době po druhé světové válce tento přístup stále dominuje. V důsledku to znamená, že poválečná existence a zkušenost nábožensky založených českých a polských Židů je buď popřena, nebo marginalizována a historie Židů, často vnímaných jako monolitní sociální skupina, je zavádějícím způsobem vykládána jako příběh lineární asimilace. Děje se tak do značné míry na základě nepřípustného zobecňování situace v centru (Praze, Varšavě) na poměry v periferii. Přitom zhruba polovinu poválečných Židů v českých zemích tvořili imigranti, kteří před válkou žili na Podkarpatské Rusi nebo na východním Slovensku a kteří pak formovali nové komunity s pomocí odlišných tradic, a podobně téměř polovina poválečných Židů v Polsku žila v Dolním Slezsku, kam byli většinou repatriováni ze Sovětského svazu. Oproti asimilačnímu narativu, zatíženému nacionalismem a poplatnému oficiálnímu výkladu z dob komunistického režimu, nabízí autorka alternativy, které by respektovaly komplexnost a pluralitu lidské společnosti.
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The repatriation of the so-called displaced persons after World War II represented a serious problem, with which the states of the anti-Hitler coalition in Europe had to deal. Due to the war events millions of inhabitants found themselves absent from home. This article strives to present and characterize the approaches of Polish and Czech historiographies to the study of these issues. It follows the developing interest in the research of the repatriation of Polish and Czech citizens in both historiographies. It is likely that the post-war repatriation of Poles because of its magnitude and also the contradictions accompanying it, makes this migration relatively deeply rooted in Polish historical thinking. Consequently, the interest in the study of repatriation appears as early as the 1960s and nowadays encompasses dozens of publications and magazine articles. Contrary to that Czech historiography has until now devoted little attention to the issue od the repatriation of Czech citizens. It, however, seems that this tendency finally takes its turn and Czech historians are paying more attention to this topic.
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Národní kategorie a současná historiografie:

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This article is concerned with the social and cultural conditions underlying the continuing important role of concepts ofnational history. This continuing viability means that concepts that are ever more strikingly emerging as an altemative to national histories are actually failing to challenge them and often in fact derive from national categories (regional history as the history ofregions within nations and so on). The basic circumstances underlying the demand for national histories continue to be considered problematised, but the importance ofnational identities for European societies remains one ofthe decisive factors here. In regard to national histories, therefore, the situation offers historiography an extensive hut at the same time very problematic opportunity for the legitimisation of the discipline. The article is focused on European trends specifically since the end ofthe 1980s with particular attention to Czech historiography. In this context it then touches on several important discussions and disputes in Czech historiography over the last 15 years.
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This paper responds in a discussive manner to a critical review by Miloš Havelka of the third edition of František Kutnar‘s and Jaroslav Marek‘s book Přehledné dějiny českého a slovenského dějepisectví, published in Dějiny - teorie - kritika 6/2009, pp. 380-387.
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Studie polemicky odpovídá na recenzi třetího vydání Přehledných dějin českého a slovenského dějepisectví Františka Kutnara a Jaroslava Marka z pera Miloše Havelky, uveřejněnou v časopise Dějiny - teorie - kritika 6/2009, na stranách 380-387.
EN
This article is concerned with contemporary Russian research on Russian Mediaeval Studies in the Soviet era. Historians of Russian Mediaeval Studies faced repression in the twentieth century to an extent and for a length of time and in an intensity not experienced by historians in any other European country of those days. It is therefore understandable that researchers now look at the past of their own fi eld mainly through the lens of the history of repression. Though picture from outside the trampled field of scholarship (historians in particular and the fi eld in general), as well as victims of the totalitarian regime, is in many respects an accurate one, it has pushed to the background the fact that not only ideologists misused topics from history, but so did scholars themselves, who met this ‘social demand’ and actively took part in disciplining their own fi eld. These fundamental questions, however, have previously not been considered in Russian historiography to the extent they deserve.
CS
Článek se zabývá současným ruským výzkumem ruské medievistiky za sovětské éry. Historici z ruských medievistických studií se museli ve dvacátém století vyrovnávat s represemi, které co do rozsahu, časové délky a intenzity nezažily žádní historici v jiné evropské zemi té doby. Je tedy pochopitelné, že badatelé nyní sledují minulost vlastního oboru především jako dějiny represí. I když je zvenčí tento obrázek potlačovaného výzkumu (zvláště co se týkalo historiků a jejich oboru obecně), stejně jako obětí totalitního režimu, v mnoha ohledech správný, nutí nás to k náhledu, že nejen ideologové zneužívali témata z minulosti, ale též mnozí badatelé sami, kteří tak vycházeli vstříc „společenské objednávce” a aktivně participovali na disciplinaci vlastního oboru. Těmto zásadním otázkám se však ruská historiografie dosud nepostavila tak, jak by si zasloužily.
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This article is concerned with the historical construction of images of Russia and Central Europe through fiction and looks at the pitfalls ofusing fiction as a historical source. In addition, the author uses concrete examples to consider Russian and Central European novelists* interest in history and to analyse the way they perceive the past. She is critical of the fragmentary fashion in which Western historians use images of Russian life in Russian fiction, sometimes oversimplifying and distorting. At the same time she raises a basic question for the image ofthe past: how was fiction read at the time ofits writing and how has fiction been used in the framework of social and cultural communication. At the theoretical level she reaches the conclusion that historians will have to ereate their own methods, distinct from the methods ofliterary critics, for estabfishing the importance that fiction had at a particulartime, in a particular political situation and within a certain social class or group.
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What was known as the "Goll School" and especially the most prominent representative of its first generation, Josef Pekafi, for many years formed the main current of Czech conservative-Catholic historiography that developed in opposition to the Protestant-progressive concept of Czechoslovakia represented after Palack˘ above all by T.G. Masaryk. In many respects Marxist historiography drew on this latter school, and so the historical achievements of the Goll School were ideologically rejected and politically excluded. The "Velvet Revolution" opened up the possibility of an obkective assessment of the contributions of the Goll School and especially the long banned Josef Pekafi. With an eye to the literature that has so far been published on Pekafi, this article seeks to show the state of research by offering an analysis of the various different areas of historical study addressed by Goll, and criticises continuing shortcomings in the three Pekafi monographs that have hitherto been published, The article looks in particular at questions of Pekafi's historical understanding of the concept and interpretation of the Hussite movement, the reconstruction of the concept and message of the unfinished third volume of Pekafi's Knihy o Kosti, the interpretation of Pekafi's political attitudes during the 1st World War and especially his conception of constitutional issues, his understanding of the nation and the associated questions of Pekafi's nationalism, attitude to the Germans and also his demonstrable anti-semitism.
CS
Takzvaná Gollova škola a především nejprominentnější představitel její první generace, Josef Pekař, po mnoho let utvářela hlavní proud českého konzervativně-katolického dějepisectví, který se vyvinul v opozici k protestantsko-pokrokářskému konceptu Československa reprezentovanému po Palackém především T. G. Masarykem. Z tohoto druhého proudu ale v mnoha ohledech čerpalo marxistické dějepisectví, a tak byly historické výsledky Gollovy školy ideologicky odmítnuty a politicky vytěsněny. „Sametová revoluce“ přinesla možnost objektivního posouzení přínosů Gollovy školy a zvláště dlouho zakazovaného Josefa Pekaře. S ohledem na texty, které byly dosud o Pekařovi publikovány, představuje tento článek stav bádání skrze analýzu nejrůznějších oblastí historického výzkumu sledovaných Gollem a kritizovat opakovaná pochybení ve třech pekařovských monografiích, které byly ke dnešnímu dni publikovány. Článek se především soustředí na Pekařovo historického chápání koncepce a interpretace husitského hnutí, rekonstrukci tohoto pojetí a myšlenek nedokončeného třetího dílu Knihy o Kosti, interpretaci Pekařových politických postojů v průběhu první světové války, a především jeho představu ústavní problematiky, chápání národa a s tím spojené otázky Pekařova nacionalismu, přístupu k Němcům a jeho prokazatelný antisemitismus.
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Gustav G. Spet (1879-1937) is one of those formidable Russian thinkers who, in the early years of the last century, orchestrated a revolutionary paradigm shift across a broad swath of the humanities and social sciences, which is still reverberating today. We lack, however, a comprehensive view of the manifold heterogeneity of his intellectual endeavours. This article focuses on one prominent lacuna in our knowledge of Spet: the theory of history that he advanced in the 1910s. In many respects his theory anticipated the ‘linguistic turn’ that occurred in Western historiography during the last quarter of the twentieth century, which is most often identifi ed with Hayden White. But whereas White analyzes the historian’s discourse in terms of tropology and narratology, for Spet predication is the key logical mechanism generating the production of texts about the past. The divergence of these two approaches, the article concludes, can be explained through the hidden Kantian underpinnings of White’s thought, which contrasts sharply with the explicit Hegelianism of Spet’s theorizing.
CS
Gustav G. Spet (1879-1937) byl jedním z oněch impozantních ruských myslitelů, kteří v prvních letech minulého století vedli revolučného posun paradigmatu napříč širokým záběrem humanitních a sociálních věd, který rezonuje dodnes. Chybí nám však celkový pohled na mnohotvárnou heterogenitu jeho intelektuálních snah. Tento článek se soustředí na význačnou mezeru v našich znalostech Speta: teorii dějin, kterou rozvíjel ve druhém desetiletí dvacátého století. Jeho teorie v mnoha ohledech předcházela „lingvistický obrat“, který se odehrál v západní historiografii v poslední čtvrtině dvacátého století a začasté je spojován s Haydenem Whitem. Ale zatímco White analyzoval historický diskurs v termínech tropologie a naratologie, pro Speta byla výpověď klíčovým logickým mechanismem, který generuje produkci textů o minulosti. Rozdíly mezi těmito dvěma přístupy, jak uzavírá článek, mohou být vysvětleny skrze skrytě kantovskou bázi Whitova myšlení, která ostře kontrastuje s explicitním hegeliánstvím Spetova uvažování.
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Občanská společnost : koncept a jeho historizace

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This study is devoted to the ways the concept of civil society may be used in Czech historiography. It analyses the conceptualisation of the term in Czech historical research over the last forty years and makes reference to certain signifi cant ambiguities associated with the term civil society. The use of the term civil society in Czech historiography is still oriented predominantly toward the German concepts of the 1980s and ‘90s - that is, toward an understanding of civil society as a certain form of society-wide organisation. The author argues against this conception and proposes that civil society should be grasped not as a certain form of social organisation, but rather as a specific pattern of conduct, or perhaps even as a specific social sector. In the context of current debates in the Anglo-Saxon and German-language spheres, he then presents several basic ways of defi ning civil society and sketches out possible fresh uses of the concept of civil society for historical analysis.
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Studie se zabývá způsoby užívání konceptu občanské společnosti v české historiografii. Rozebírá konceptualizaci termínu v českém vědeckém výzkumu v posledních čtyřiceti letech a odkazuje k významným nejednoznačnostem, které se s termínem občanská společnost pojí. Užívání pojmu občanská společnost v české historiografii stále odkazuje k německým konceptům z let osmdesátých a devadesátých - to jest, chápání občanské společnosti jako zvláštní formy celospolečenské organizace. Autor se vymezuje vůči této koncepci a navrhuje občanskou společnost, která spíš než jistý druh společenské organizace, bude specifickým vzorem jednání, nebo dokonce zvláštním sektorem společnosti. Dále pak v kontextu současných diskusí z anglosaského a německojazyčného okruhu představuje několik základních vymezení občanské společnosti a načrtává možné využití čerstvého pohledu na koncepci občanské společnosti pro historickou analýzu.
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This essay is based on the premise that the study ofthe history ofpolitical terms, ifit is to meet contemporary theoretical and critical standards, must take into account modern but also postmodern approaches to language and politics. According to the latter political concepts can be seen as tools ofman in the sphere of power, but conversely as instruments of the power structuring human possibilities. This second approach is one that enables the historian to identify and trace the linguistic borders and definition of the political and so to uncover the shifts and transformations ofpower. Here I propose dividing the study of conceptual history into three analytical levels: the level ofthe isolated concept, the level of conceptual relations or structures, and the level ofpolitical language. On each ofthese I try critically to assess the possibilities of two important schools of conceptual history - the so-called Cambridge School (principally Skinner and J. G. A. Pocock) and the researchers associated with the German project Geschichtliche Grundbegiffe (particularly R. Koselleck and W. Conze), and their continuers -, but also to indicate alternative possibilities for the study of concepts inspired especially by gender analyses and (post)structurahsm. In this context an essential part ofthe new study ofconceptual history must be a radical enlargement ofthe definition of concept.
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In my article I have tried to outline of the basic features ofwhat is known as the “critical turning-point” (“Tournant critique”) in French historiography of the 1990s. I have tried to emphasise the fundamental factors that led to new critical reflection in historical science in France, and did so directly on the pages ofthe “pillar periodical” ofthe “new” historiography - the Annales review. I have stressed specifically the socio-political factor (the collapse of the Soviet bloc and expressions of nationalist separatism in Central and eastern Europe) and ideological (the exhaustion ofthe structuralist and Marxist model in the social sciences), which undermined the classic explanatory framework of the „current of history14 interpreted primarily as a linear, causally linked “process”. Other factors in the intellectual crisis included various manifestations of the “crisis ofthe university function” (university overpopulation, the absence of academic jobs). I have also tried to reflect on the problems brought for history by experiments in interdisciplinary co-operation with adjacent fields (mainly philosophy, sociology and anthropology). I have also emphasised the growing interest in - or rediscovery of - cultural and political history, and the history of“the present”. In this period self-conscious exploration ofthe nature ofhistorical “writing” itselfand the relationship between history-science and literature-fiction began to play a role as well.
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Mikrohistorie a historická antropologie:

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This article seeks to define the relationship between historical anthropology and three different levels of the conception of microhistory: 1) microhistory, the heroes ofwhich are representatives ofthe lower strata of society, marginal or exceptional individuals; 2) microhistory of conflict; 3) “demographic” or „population11 microhistory. On the basis of comparison of the original methodological starting points of Italian micro-historians with the microhistorical works of the 1980s and 90s, it emphasises the experimental character of this microhistorical research, considering he issue in the context ofthe work ofhistorians who openly identified with micro-history, and looking in detail at the examples of Carlo Ginzburg a and Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie. On the other hand, with reference to study of the relations between microhistory and prosopography it shows that a whole range ofmicrohistorical approaches have deeper roots in the medievalist scholarship ofthe 1950s and 60s and that the novelty ofthe later decades consisted primarily in the posing of anthropological questions and emphasis on the sublateral strata of society, conceived not quantitatively by through exceptional individuals. The article takes a very critical view of the so-called “demographic” microhistory cultivated by the Gottingen School, and tries to show that it lacks and genetic kinship to the two other microhistorical approaches outlined and that here the only criterion of microhistoricity is the limitation ofresearch to a very small local community and its family structures.
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Frank Ankersmit’s view of historical work, as outlined mainly in his Narrative Logic (1983), has received considerable attention from philosophers of history and historians. Ankersmit’s narrativism poses interesting questions and casts doubt on some traditional presuppositions of historiography. The most surprising and, for some authors, the most appalling is the claim that historical narrative - narratio - cannot have any truth-value. This article presents and analyzes three arguments for this claim, which may be found in his Narrative Logic. Moreover, it discusses Ankermist’s alternative criterion for the assessment of historical work. Finally, it presents a criticism of the view that narratio cannot have any truth-value, and identifies the mistaken assumption in Ankersmit’s argumentation.
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Chápání historické práce podle Franka Ankersmita, tak jak je předvedeno především v jeho Narativní logice (1983), si získalo značnou pozornost mezi filosofy dějin a historiky. Ankersmitův narativismus klade zajímavé otázky a vnáší pochyby vůči tradičním předpokladům historiografie. Nejpřekvapivější, a pro některé autory nejotřesivější, je tvrzení, že historický narativ - narratio - nemůže mít žádnou pravdivostní hodnotu. Tento článek ukazuje a rozebírá tři argumenty pro toto tvrzení, které v Narativní logice najdeme. Navíc rozebírá Ankermistova alternativní kritéria posouzení historické práce. Na závěr kritizuje náhled, že by narratio nemohlo mít pravdivostní hodnotu, a nachází chyby v předpokladech Ankersmitovy argumentace.
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Current historical debates about class formation and collective identities in the modern societies point out the importance of the analytical category of class. Th e essay reconstructs various approaches to the category of class in the modern historical writing - based on diff erentiation and polarizing social structures ( J. Kocka), class experience and class consciousness (E. P. Th ompson), class discourse (G. Stedman Jones), „imaginary institution of society“ (P. Joyce). Upon these approaches, we employ diff erent ways of historical explaining of the class formation to appreciate the issue of making and diff erentiation of normative patterns, allowing agents to identify suff ering as a social phenomenon and opening new struggles for recognition.
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Současné historické debaty o formování tříd a kolektivních identit v moderních společnostech poukazují k důležitosti analytické kategorie třídy. Esej představuje různé přístupy ke kategorii třídy v moderním historiografii - založené na rozrůznění a polarizaci společenských struktur (J. Kocka), třídní zkušenosti a povědomí (E. P. Thompson), třídním diskursu (G. Stedman Jones), „imaginární instituci společnosti“ (P. Joyce). Na těchto přístupech ukážeme různé cesty historického vysvětlení vzniku tříd, abychom ocenili vytváření a diferenciaci normativních vzorců, které umožnily aktérům určit utrpení jako sociální fenomén a otevřely nové boje za uznání.
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The study is concerned with the question ofliterary historical representations in fiction around 1900 and towards the end of the 20th century. It compares the nature and form of the gnoseological scepticism about the possibilities and meaning ofhistorical knowledge articulated by writers in both these periods. On the basis of a number of texts from Czech, French and British literature the author shows that the genre known as “historical metafiction”, which is one medium for the expression of such scepticism, is notjust a product ofthe later 20th century as might appear from the studies by Linda Hutcheon or Ansgar Niinning. Similar reflective texts had been written at the turn ofthe 19th/20th century, when in the context of the deepening crisis of historicism, writers had expressed a gnoseological scepticism similar to that of contemporary writers influenced by postmodernism. The writers in the early period employed rather different literary strategies, however, and their transformation can be defined as a shift from assertion to performance.
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a2_The author specifies four discursive landscapes about Malyn (Soviet, Ukrainian, Polish, and Czech) and details how and why each of these has come to construct their own version(s) of Malyn in relation to larger grand narratives about the war in the East. This microhistory also underscores how the trauma and legacy of wartime inter-ethnic violence casts a long shadow over the current understanding of the war and highlights the daunting task scholars face writing the history of this region and time period.
CS
a2_Studie se snaží objasnit rozdílné a vzájemně si odporující popisy událostí v Malíně na základě analýzy pramenů z více než deseti archivů v šesti zemích, rozboru čtyř historicko-lingvistických narativů i terénního šetření na Ukrajině a v České republice. Autor vymezuje čtyři kontrastní diskurzy o Malínu - sovětský, ukrajinský, polský a český - a podrobně popisuje, jak a proč si každý z těchto diskurzů vytvořil vlastní verzi (či verze) malínské tragédie ve vztahu k širším narativům druhé světové války na Východě. Tato mikrohistorie také ukazuje, jak dlouhý stín vrhá trauma a dědictví válečného mezietnického násilí na současné porozumění válce, a podtrhuje, jak nesmírně náročné výzvě čelí badatelé, kteří se dějinami této oblasti a tohoto období zabývají.
EN
The aim ofthis study is to provide an elementary overview of contemporary Russian research on the history ofRussia up until the 15^ century and to present some ofthe issues to which contemporary Russian medieval studies is currently devoting itself. After a period ofenforced isolation, Russian scholars in the 1990s began concerning themselves intensively with the methodologies used in Western medieval studies and has been trying to apply them to Eastern European historical material which Western medieval studies has heretofore -with rare exceptions - largely ignored. Following the establishment of democracy in academia, the need to revise the landscape ofthe history ofthe Russia ofthe Kievan and “partition” periods became apparent. However, due to the character of Russian sources, it is not possible in any simple way to transfer the methods used in working with Western medieval materials to the study ofthese periods. This is why the new historical fields have devoted themselves primarily to the 16^ and 17^ centuries, which provide the richest and most varied source materials. Although it is certain that Russian medieval studies has succeeded in overcoming the crisis it experienced in the 1990s, one of the central problems afflicting contemporary Russian and Western medieval studies remains: the absolute separation between research on the middle ages in Russia and in Western and indeed in Central Europe.
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Komentáře k odpovědi profesora Lukeše

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EN
In this contribution, the autor or the review of Igor Lukeš´s On the Edge of the Cold War (''Na pomezí historického románu'' [Almost a Historical Novel], Soudobé dějiny, vol. 22 (2015), nos. 3-4, pp. 254-39), which is under discussion here, reacts to Lukeš´s rejoinder. He briefly takes issue with various points of Lukeš´s argument and concludes that he would not change a single thing in his review, because Lukeš ignores a number of objections and elsewhere fails to provide satisfactory counterarguments for others.
CS
Autor výše uvedené recenze (Na pomezí historického románu. In: Soudobé dějiny, roč. 22, č. 3-4, 2015,, s. 524-539) knihy Igora Lukeše Československo nad propastí, respektive On the Edge of the Cold War, tímto příspěvkem reaguje na Lukešovu polemiku. Sám stručně polemizuje s různými body Lukešovy argumentace a uzavírá, že na své recenzi by nezměnil vůbec nic, protože Igor Lukeš nevyvrátil žádnou z jeho námitek a řadu dalších ignoroval.
EN
a2_The article explains how criticism of the housing schemes, the chief representative of which was urbanist Jiří Hrůza (1925-2012), had been growing stronger since as early as the mid-1960s. Influenced by works of US journalist and urbanistic activist Jane Jacobs (1916-2006), he presented a comprehensive critique of socialist modernism and questioned they very principle of urban planning as a tool of social transformation. The intellectual skepticism was soon thereafter reflected in urban planning practices in Prague; they abandoned the modernistic principle of zoning and acknowledged the value (first urbanistic, later architectural) of traditional quarters. In the end of the article, the author analyzes how the urbanistic turning point was confronted with building industry practices and political preferences demanding rapid construction of flats and apartments.
CS
a2_Článek sleduje, jak již od poloviny šedesátých let sílila kritika sídlištní výstavby, na které se podílel především urbanista Jiří Hrůza (1925-2012). Pod dojmem prací americké novinářky a urbanistické aktivistky Jane Jacobsové (1916-2006) pak na počátku sedmdesátých let podal soustavnou kritiku socialistického modernismu a zpochybnil samotný princip urbanistického plánování jako prostředku společenské transformace. Tato intelektuální skepse se brzy přenesla i do praxe pražského městského plánování, které ustoupilo od modernistických principů zónování a přiznalo tradičním čtvrtím nejdříve urbanistickou a později i architektonickou hodnotu. Nakonec autor sleduje, jak se tento urbanistický obrat střetával s praxí stavební výroby a politickou preferencí rychlé bytové výstavby.
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