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EN
This article is devoted to Jan, or Piotr, Romaszkiewicz, the Armenian, who worked at the royal office of the Vasa dynasty. To this day, there are lot of controversies about him, because of his dyplomatic and spy activities, on the orders of hetmans of Polish Crown. Romaszkiewicz was a dispatch rider assigned to many diplomatic missions; because of his excellent knowledge of Oriental languages he could accomplish them perfectly. He collaborated with Stanisław Koniecpolski and Mikołaj Potocki, passing them intelligence about Tatar and Turkish army. In an unknown way, he also helped to set free Polish captives from Turkish prison, eventually being imprisoned himself. Without doubt Romaszkiewicz contributed a lot to the relationship between Poland and The Crimean Khanate. Surely, this historical figure deserves more attention and research.
EN
The spiritual culture of Polish Tatars as an integral element of the Slavic‑Muslim borderlands cultureThe present article depicts the unique culture of Polish Tatars in the context of their history and the histories of other Muslim cultures in Europe, especially in Bosnia. In particular, this article presents the history of this small ethnic group as well as the specificity of their religious practices in relation to the Ottoman tradition and the culture of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Further, the article discusses the tradition of Sufism (the Bektashi and Jesewije orders), as well as its relations with shamanism and its remains. What is more, the article portrays Tatar writings in comparison with the Muslim written culture in East Europe and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Subsequently, the article analyses Tatar rites: their forms and changes they have undergone. These forms reflect the uniqueness of the Tatar culture in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the present-day Poland. The existing forms are combinations of Tatar, Muslim and Slavic spirituality and provide evidence that the Polish Tatar culture is strongly related to Slavic and Muslim cultures, especially the Ottoman culture and the culture of the former Crimean Khanate. Духовнaя культура польских татар как интегральная часть культуры на славяно-мусульманском пограничьеВ статье указана специфика культуры польских татар в истории и в контексте других мусульманских культур, существующих в Европе. Автор представил историю этой этнической группы, а также специфическое религиозное сознание в контексте османской империи как соседа древней Речи Посполитой. В статье отмечена также специфика суфийских источников татарских религиозных обрядов. Автор показал религиозную письменность польских татар, ее корни в области языка и литературной традиции. Формы, которые до сих пор сохранились, свидетельствуют об идентичности древней культуры польских татар с культурой османской и бывшего крымского ханства, а также о славянском влиянии.
EN
The religion of Islam in Poland still wakes the fear of society before terroristic attempts. This is an result of the low state of knowledge. Some people still duplicate the stereotype, that Muslim has to be a terrorist. The migrations of population in present world causes that also on the streets of Polish cities we can met Muslims practicing their religion. Catholic church in Poland keeps the dialogue and good relations with Muslims, including such institutions as Mutual Catholic and Muslim Council or Committee for Inter-Religious Dialogue.
PL
The present study depicts the developments which took place at the Polish-Ottoman frontier and in the Ottoman imperial centre between 1633 and 1634, when a fullscale war between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire was imminent. Even though the major episodes of the conflict have been highlighted from the Polish perspective several times before, it is hard to say the same regarding the Ottoman vantage point. Therefore, this paper tries to make use of major European embassy reports from the Ottoman capital, with cross-references to the Ottoman archival documentation of the period. In this way the paper aims to expound the escalation and resolution of the conflict from the Ottoman point of view and seeks to fill the gap left by the already-established Polish stances. It will also serve the purpose of attracting attention both to the Polish diplomatic presence in the Ottoman capital and to the Ottoman diplomatic activity with regard to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the years specified.
PL
The paper contains a synthetic discussion of original and little known philological manuscripts which had been created since the 16th century by Tatars – Muslims of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania – as characteristic Slavic aljamiado. The preserved manuscripts in which Slavic languages – Polish and Belarusian – were recorded in the Arabic alphabet are enormously important for the history of both languages and the Slavic-Oriental language relations. Various types of these historical texts (kitabs, chamails, tajweeds, etc.) contain the first, that is the oldest (16th century), translation of the Quran into a Slavic language (Polish) recorded in the Arabic alphabet (so-called tafsir). These sources are studied within the framework of an original philological sub-discipline of Kitab Studies whose origin and development should be credited to Professor Anton Antonovich from Vilnius University. The author of the paper discusses the research methodology pertaining to these sources, particularly the transliteration of Slavic texts recorded in the Arabic alphabet into the Latin alphabet, and introduces prospective major research tasks for Kitab Studies.
EN
The article discusses the kitab studies covering the physical and cultural legacy of the Tatars of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania (today: Polish, Belarusian and Lithuanian Tatars). Religious manuscripts, including kitabs, are a part of Tatars’ cultural legacy, hence the article presents these writings and the areas of research on kitabs that cover: a) cataloguing the manuscripts; b) monographic studies providing their philological analysis; c) discussion of their content, with attention to Muslim and Christian traditions; d) textual analysis of these old texts; e) editorial preparations.
EN
This is a short overview of a Tatar journal Heberçı of 22 (+2 title) pages published in 1952 in Stockholm, the content, and the language features of which were unknown to the specialists up to now. It was called issue number 1. The publication was realized by a group of well-known Tatar writers, scientists and journalists who lived at that time in Sweden as immigrants. The copy of the journal which was at my disposal was received from Stockholm. The study of this bulletin may give new information about the duration of the keeping or not keeping of the immigrants’ mother tongue in a foreign language environment. Also, one can regard it as a source for research of the social status of the immigrants in Europe in the middle of the 20th century. This article will present the following: 1. an overview of the content of the bulletin, 2. an analysis of the language of the journal in comparison with the Modern literary Tatar language, 3. the translation into English of 2 texts from the bulletin and 4. 5 pages of facsimiles of the texts.
PL
The first translation of the Quran, printed and published in 1858, was signed by Jan Musza Tarak Buczacki, a Tatar and Muslim from Podlasie in Poland. Today, however, is is known that the actual translators were two Philomats from Wilno, the priest Dionizy Chlewiński and Ignacy Domeyko. They performed the task in the 1820s for the Muslim Tatars of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, who over generations had lost their knowledge not only of liturgic language (Arab), but also of their ethnic languages and dialects (Turkic). In this way, Lithuanian-Polish Muslims cut themselves off from the roots and sources of Islam. However, the attempts made by the translators to gain acceptance of Russian censors to publish the Polish rendition of the holy book of Islam were not successful. Only in the 1850s the acceptance was granted, after efforts made by Jan Murza Tarak Buczacki, whose name was put on the title page posthumously by the publisher. At the end of the 19th century an anonymous author, probably a Tatar and Muslim, converted the printed translation, authored by Buczacki, into a traditionalhand-written Tatar tefsir: the Polish version was overwritten by hand in the interlines, and synchronized with the Arab lines of the original Quran in Arabic. For dogmatic and religious reason, he transliterated the text form Latin alphabet into Arabic one, without changing the content of the translation. The manuscript is now kept in Museum of History of Religion in Grodno. This is the conclusion of the complicated history of the first Polish translation of the Holy Book of Islam.
EN
The activity of the Vilno branch of the Cultural and Educational Association of Polish Republic TatarsThe aim of the article is to describe the activity of the Vilno branch of the Cultural and Educational Association of Polish Republic Tatars, according to the monographic method. The materials used come from New Documents Archive in Warsaw (Pol. ‘Archiwum Akt Nowych’) and Lithuanian Central Archive in Vilnius, which had not been used previously.The Second Polish Republic was inhabited by approximately five thousand Tatars, who formed the smallest ethnic and religious minority in the multinational structure of Poland. The period between World Wars was a time of very intensive cultural and educational work of Tatar activists for their community. The activity of the Vilno branch of the Cultural and Educational Association of Polish Republic Tatars was the most effective and diverse, and it set the example for other Tatar centres. The main areas of the activity included: transfer of knowledge – organising lectures, holding libraries and museums and publishing of the monthly Tatar Life; as well as forms that contributed to the integration of the community, e.g. organising meetings and balls on common holidays. Furthermore, the Tatar youth showed great activity in the raising of the cultural advancement of their community. The young activists of the Tatar Youth Circle in the Cultural and Educational Association of Polish Republic Tatars played a significant role in the raising of the consciousness of Tatars. Деятельность вильнюсского отдела Культурно-образовательной ассоциации татар Речи Посполитой ПольшиЦелью статьи является обсуждение деятельности вильнюсского отдела Культурно-образовательной aссoциации татар Речи Посполитой Польши. Автор базируется на монографическом методе с использованием архивных материалов, собранных в Архиве новых актов г. Варшавы, а также в Литовском центральном архиве г. Вильнюсa, которые до сих пор не были использованы. Во Второй Речи Посполитой проживало приблизительно 5 тысяч татар, они составляли самое маленькое этно-религиозное меньшинство в многонациональной структуре Польши. Межвоенный период был временем интенсивной культурно-просветительской работы татарских деятелей на благо развития их общества. Деятельность вильнюсского отдела Культурно-образовательной aссoциации татар Республики Польшa была наиболее эффективной и разноо бразной, являлась образцом для подражания других татарских центров. Активность вильнюсского отдела концентрировалась, главным образом, на работе, направленной прежде всего на развитие общества. К главным направлениям деятельности общества надо причислить разъяснительные формы: передачу информаций, т.е. организацию лекций, ведение библиотеки и музея, издание ежемесячника «Татарская жизнь», а также формы, объединяющие татарское общество путём организации совместных встреч и балов по случаю праздников. Большую активность в повышении культурного уровня своего общества проявила также татарская молодёжь, которая в рамках Кружка татарской молодёжи сыграла значительную роль в укреплении самосознания татар.
Postscriptum Polonistyczne
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2020
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vol. 26
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issue 2
185-194
EN
The research so far has failed to notice that for 17th century memoirists, the state’s ability to defend its citizens against Tatar captivity was an important criterion for the assessment of the government’s effectiveness. In fact, in Poland at that time, Tatar raids were a serious problem. The Tatars would kidnap inhabitants of the south eastern borderlands on a mass scale. This is why Polish memoirists at that time reflected on how the government coped when it came to limiting this threat. The author focused precisely on the documentalists’ assessment of the government’s actions to protect its subjects against captivity. On the basis of a historical and literary analysis, it can be concluded from the memoirists’ statements selected in terms of their subject matter that these judgments were most often critical. The aspects outlined here are ones that failed to draw the attention of researchers studying Old Polish literature; they may also serve as a source for historical and cultural observations.    
PL
W dotychczasowych badaniach nie zauważono, że dla pamiętnikarzy siedemnastego wieku zdolność państwa do obrony obywateli przed uprowadzeniem w jasyr stanowiła istotne kryterium oceny sprawności władzy. Tymczasem w dawnej Polsce najazdy tatarskie stanowiły poważny problem. Tatarzy masowo porywali mieszkańców południowo-wschodnich kresów. Toteż staropolscy pamiętnikarze podejmowali refleksję nad tym, jak radziła sobie władza, by ograniczyć to zagrożenie. I właśnie autorka skoncentrowała się na ocenie przez dokumentalistów działań rządzących, by zabezpieczyć poddanych przed niewolą. Na podstawie analizy historycznoliterackiej – z wyselekcjonowanych pod względem tematycznym wypowiedzi memuarystów można wyciągnąć wnioski, że oceny te były najczęściej krytyczne. Podjęte w niniejszym szkicu rozważania nie przykuły uwagi badaczy literatury staropolskiej; mogą też posłużyć obserwacjom historycznym i kulturoznawczym.  
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RU
Развитие ислама на территории Российской Федерации, вне всякого сомнения, представляет собой весьма важную, и, в то же время, довольно интересную область, оказывающую влияние на ход социо-культурных процессов в современной России. Одной из наиболее важных составляющих процесса религиозного возрождения в этой стране стало изменение отношения к религиозности среди российских мусульман. Учёные, мыслители, публицисты и мусульмане России в условиях религиозного многообразия зачастую ссылаются на работы видных мусульманских социально-политических деятелей конца XIX-начала XX века. Цель данной статьи состоит в том, чтобы показать как движение джадидизм воспринимается в современной России. Сегодня идеи джадидизма зачастую служат поводом обсудить и углубиться в изучение сущности ислама в России и его развития в будущем.
EN
The development of the Muslim religion in the Russian Federation is undoubtedly a very important and, at the same time, interesting element influencing the contemporary socio-political situation in Russia. One of the most important components of religious revival in this country was the change in the Russian Muslims’ attitude to issues related to religiosity. In the conditions of religious pluralism, Muslims in Russia, scientists, thinkers, and publicists often refer to the intellectual output of Russian Muslim socio-political activists whose activity took place at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The article aims to show how the jadidism movement is being received in contemporary Russia. Nowadays, the ideas of jadidism are also the pretext for discussing the nature of Russian Islam and its future.
EN
In the 17th century, both the Turks and (much more often) the Tatars invaded Poland. According to historians, the Tatars in particular treated the Polish Republic as an area of economic exploitation. Its most severe form was the forced captivity of inhabitants of the south-eastern borderlands. This was documented by diarists and memorialists of Polish seicento, including Jan Florian Drobysz Tuszyński, Mikołaj Jemiołowski, Joachim Jerlicz, Samuel Maskiewicz, Zbigniew Ossoliński, and Kazimierz Sarnecki. They drew attention to the mass character of the Tatar-Turkish thraldom: not only soldiers but also many civilians were kidnapped by the Tatars, who benefited from human trafficking and thus made them captives. The authors of the diaries documented the circumstances of the attacks, including the time and routes taken by the looters. They drew attention to the state of the captives and reconstructed the human martyrdom.
PL
W artykule omówiono symbolikę i bogactwo kultury Tatarów polskich zamieszkujących położone w województwie podlaskim wsie Bohoniki i Kruszyniany. Wielowiekowa tradycja, a także kultywowane i podtrzymywane po dziś dzień przez ludność tatarską zwyczaje stanowią skarbnicę historii czasów minionych oraz niepodważalny dowód na istnienie genius loci. Pomimo unikatowych wartości architektoniczno-kulturowych, jakie prezentują obydwie miejscowości, oraz faktu, iż znajdujące się tam meczety i mizary wpisane zostały na krajową listę zabytków oraz uznane za pomniki historii, krajobraz kulturowy wsi narażony jest na przemiany i zniekształcenia w wyniku planowanych tam inwestycji przemysłowych. Działania te mogą niewątpliwe negatywnie odbić się na wizerunku wsi, zarówno pod względem przestrzennym, przyrodniczym, jak i społecznym. Jednym ze sposobów ochrony kultury tatarskiej stało się utworzenie w Bohonikach parku kulturowego, którego celem ma być wzmocnienie ochrony zabytków znajdujących się na jego obszarze, jak również ugruntowanie potencjału turystycznego wsi. W Kruszynianiach z kolei zamierzenia powstania ferm przemysłowych drobiu ma powstrzymać powołanie tam parku krajobrazowego, którego priorytetem będzie zarówno ochrona otaczającej przyrody Puszczy Knyszyńskiej, jak i wielokulturowego dziedzictwa. W tekście poruszono też prawne kwestie ochrony z perspektywy przepisów dotyczących funkcjonowania parku kulturowego i krajobrazowego oraz opisano działania, jakie w tym zakresie podjęli sami mieszkańcy, władze samorządowe i służby konserwatorskie. Ma to na celu zwrócenie uwagi na problem kompleksowej ochrony zabytków i dziedzictwa kulturowego Tatarów polskich w kontekście współczesnych przemian cywilizacyjnych i związanych z nimi zmian krajobrazowych.
EN
The article discusses the symbolism and richness of the culture of the Polish Tatars living in the villages of Bohoniki and Kruszyniany, located in Podlaskie Province. The centuries-old tradition, as well as the customs cultivated and maintained to this day by the Tatar population, are a treasure trove of the history of times past and undeniable proof of the existence of genius loci. Despite the unique architectural and cultural values presented by both villages and the fact that the mosques and mizars located there are included in the national list of monuments and have been recognized as monuments of history, the cultural landscape of the villages is exposed to changes and distortions as a result of the industrial investments planned here. These activities will undoubtedly negatively affect the image of the village, both spatially, naturally and socially. One of the ways of protecting Tatar culture has become the creation of a cultural park in Bohoniki, the purpose of which is to strengthen the protection of monuments located in its area, as well as to consolidate the village’s tourist potential. In turn in Kruszyniany, the creation of industrial poultry farms is to be prevented by the establishment of a landscape park, whose priority will be both the protection of the surrounding nature of the Knyszyn Forest, as well as the protection of the multicultural heritage of the village. The text also addresses legal issues of protection from the perspective of the regulations on the functioning of the cultural and landscape park, as well as describing the actions taken in this regard by the residents themselves, local authorities and conservation services. The aim of the text is to draw attention to the problem of comprehensive protection of monuments and cultural heritage of the Polish Tatars in the context of modern civilization transformations and related landscape changes.
15
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Meczet w Warszawie a Karaimi

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EN
Along with the Karaites, the Tatars were undoubtedly the smallest ethnos to populate the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the late 14th century. Both groups, although different from each other, have remained in fairly close relations over the centuries, due to living next to each other, entering into economic relationships, and finally remaining “different” from the majority. In this article, I would like to highlight one element of mutual cooperation and mutual support, namely the issue of building a mosque in Warsaw. Thanks to the rich correspondence of Seraya Shapshal, we can trace the mutual Tatar-Karaim cooperation in the construction of a mosque in Warsaw in the interwar period.
PL
Tatarzy obok Karaimów byli niewątpliwie najmniejszymi etnosem, który zasilił Wielkie Księstwo Litewskie w końcu XIV wieku. Obie grupy choć różniące się od siebie pozostawały w dość bliskiej relacji na przestrzeni wieków, a to z racji zamieszkiwania obok siebie, wchodzenia w relacje natury gospodarczej, czy w końcu pozostając „innymi” wobec większości. W niniejszym artykule chciałbym zaakcentować jeden z elementów wzajemnej współpracy i wzajemnego poparcia  mianowicie kwestię budowy meczetu w Warszawie. Dzięki bogatej korespondencji Seraja Szapszała możemy prześledzić wzajemną współprace tatarsko-karaimską w kwestii budowy meczetu w Warszawie w okresie międzywojennym.
EN
The present article depicts the unique culture of Polish Tatars in the context of their history and the histories of other Muslim cultures in Europe, especially in Bosnia. In particular, this article presents the history of this small ethnic group as well as the specificity of their religious practices in relation to the Ottoman tradition and the culture of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Further, the article discusses the tradition of Sufism (the Bektashi and Jesewije orders), as well as its relations with shamanism and its remains. What is more, the article portrays Tatar writings in comparison with the Muslim written culture in East Europe and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Subsequently, the article analyses Tatar rites: their forms and changes they have undergone. These forms reflect the uniqueness of the Tatar culture in the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania and in the present-day Poland. The existing forms are combinations of Tatar, Muslim and Slavic spirituality and provide evidence that the Polish Tatar culture is strongly related to Slavic and Muslim cultures, especially the Ottoman culture and the culture of the former Crimean Khanate.
RU
В статье указана специфика культуры польских татар в истории и в контексте других мусульманских культур, существующих в Европе. Автор представил историю этой этнической группы, а также специфическое религиозное сознание в контексте османской империи как соседа древней Речи Посполитой. В статье отмечена также специфика суфийских источников татарских религио­зных обрядов. Автор показал религиозную письменность польских татар, ее корни в области языка и литературной традиции. Формы, которые до сих пор сохранились, свидетельствуют об идентичности древней культуры польских татар с культурой османской и бывшего крымского ханства, а также о славянском влиянии.
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Nurt SVD
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2017
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issue 2
26-42
PL
Maciej Musa Konopacki, polski Tatar, muzułmanin, publicysta, działacz społeczny, orędownik zbliżenia chrześcijaństwa i islamu, w swojej działalności popularyzującej historię polskich Tatarów prowadził bogatą korespondencję z ludźmi Kościoła, nauki i sztuki, a także wieloma swoimi pobratymcami, ze zwykłymi ludźmi zainteresowanymi historią Tatarów na ziemiach polskich, szukającymi swoich tatarskich korzeni. Zapytany, dlaczego pisał tyle listów, dlaczego poświęcał im tak wiele czasu i uwagi, Konopacki odpowiada, że chciał w ten sposób uwiarygodnić Tatarów w polskim społeczeństwie, a zarazem przywrócić im tożsamość, którą według niego zatracali. Starał się zainteresować historią Tatarów na ziemiach polskich ludzi różnych dziedzin nauki i kultury.
EN
Maciej Musa Konopacki was Polish Tatar, Muslim, writer, social activist and campaigner for the Christian and Muslim rapprochement. In his popularization of the history of the Polish Tatars he led extensive correspondence with representatives of the Church, scholars and artists, as well as his co-religionists and ordinary people, interested in the Polish-Tatar history, or searching for their Tatar roots. Asked for reasons for his letter writing activities, Konopacki would reply he wanted to validate Tatars in the Polish society and restore their lost identity. He seeked people acknowledging their Tatar descend, and worked to attract interest in Tatars’ history among scholars and artists.
PL
W niniejszym artykule przeanalizowano obrzęd azanu wśród Tatarów polskich na podstawie zapisów zawartych w Chamaile Alijewicza. Temu zabytkowi piśmiennictwa tatarskiego nadano taką nazwę ze względu na brak możliwości zidentyfikowania jego autora. Ibrahim Bronisław Alijewicz był natomiast imamem Muzułmańskiej Gminy w Nowym Jorku i to o nim wiadomo, że przez wiele lat swojej posługi korzystał właśnie z tego chamaiłu. We wprowadzeniu przedstawiona została charakterystyka języków występujących w chamaile oraz w innych zabytkach piśmiennictwa tatarskiego. Część kolejna opisuje Chamaił Alijewicza pod względem wyglądu, struktury oraz zawartości (szczegółowy spis treści). Część ostatnia zawiera opis azanu oraz przetłumaczony fragment Chamaiłu Alijewicza dotyczący tego obrzędu. Dla porównania zamieszczone są również zdjęcia oryginalnych stron zapisanych pismem arabskim. Opisany w niniejszym artykule tatarski obrzęd azanu pokazuje, że wśród Tatarów polskich nakładają się na siebie religia muzułmańska, chrześcijańska, dawne obrzędy plemienne, a także polskie tradycje ludowe.
EN
The name Alijewicz's Chamaił refers to the manual for the rite of azan, used by the Tatars' community and its long-time imam, Ibrahim Bronisław Alijewicz, in New York. It bears his name for the impossibility of identifying its real author. The opening paragraphs of the article describe languages found in the chamaił and other extinct writings of the Tatars. The central part is devoted to the detailed analysis of the structure and content of the Alijewicz's Chamaił, as well as its external appearance. The closing paragraphs describe the actual azan. There is also a translation of an excerpt from the Alijewicz's Chamaił referring to this rite, along with the photographs of the original text in Arabic. The rite of azan, as described in this article, demonstrates a significant influence of Islam, Christianity, ancient tribal rites and Polish folk customs on the Tatars living in Poland.
Nurt SVD
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2019
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issue 2
66-78
PL
W artykule omówiona została reportażowa twórczość Fatiha Kerimîego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Kırım’a Seyahat [Podróż na Krym], jednego z jego trzech reportaży książkowych, napisanych i wydanych w początkach XX w. Reportaże te stanowią ogniwo pośrednie między działalnością literacką Kerimîego, uważanego za jednego z pionierów nowoczesnej literatury tatarskiej, a działalnością publicystyczną, na której skupił się w drugiej połowie swego życia. Kırım’a Seyahat to książka napisana z wyraźnym zamysłem reportażowym, mocno nacechowana ideologicznie. Pod pretekstem opisu podróży na Krym, odbytej na przełomie kwietnia i maja 1903 roku, Kerimî, Tatar kazański, próbował zaszczepić w swych rodakach idee dżadidyzmu, obecne wśród Tatarów krymskich za sprawą działalności Ismaila Gasprinskiego. Tematem przewodnim książki jest potrzeba dokonania reformy szkół muzułmańskich w duchu europejskim. Kerimî, który sam w latach 1896-98 pracował jako nauczyciel w okolicach Jałty, zachwala zreformowane szkoły muzułmańskie, prezentuje korzyści wynikające z nowoczesnego wykształcenia.
EN
The article discusses the documentary work of Fatih Kerimî, with particular emphasis on Kırım’a Seyahat [Journey to Crimea], one of his three book reports, written and published in the early twentieth century. These reports are an indirect link between Kerimî’s literary activity, considered one of the pioneers of modern Tatar literature, and a journalistic activity on which he focused in the second half of his life. Kırım’a Seyahat is a book written with a clear reportage intent, highly ideological. Under the alleged reason of a description of the trip to Crimea, which took place at the turn of April and May 1903, Kerimî, Kazan Tatar, tried to instill the ideas of Jadidism among the Crimean Tatars through the work of Ismail Gasprinski. The theme of the book is the need to reform Muslim schools in a European spirit. Kerimî, who himself worked as a teacher in the Yalta area in 1896-98, praises reformed Muslim schools presenting the benefits of modern education.
Nurt SVD
|
2017
|
issue 2
241-256
PL
Jan III Sobieski przywilejem z 12 marca 1679 r. nadał Tatarom ziemie w ekonomii brzeskiej. Otrzymali oni dobra w Studziance, Lebiedziewie i Małaszewiczach. Osadnictwo kontynuowali kolejni królowie. Wyznawcy islamu mieszkali m.in. w Połoskach, Małaszewiczach Wielkich i Małych, Trojanowie, Worońcu, Ossowie, Wólce Kościeniewickiej, Koszołach, Ortelu (dawnym Wortelu), Bokince (zwanej tatarską), Kościeniewiczach. Skupieni byli wokół Studzianki gdzie do 1915 roku funkcjonował meczet. Założyli także dwa cmentarze tatarskie w Studziance i Zastawku, które przetrwały do dzisiaj. W świetle adnotacji ksiąg metrykalnych z lat 1798-1911 w parafii w Studziance zawarto 131 małżeństw. Związki małżeńskie były zawierane w różnych miejscowościach. Duchowny tatarski jeździł z posługami do swoich wiernych, udzielając im ślubów. Pełnił niejako rolę urzędnika stanu cywilnego w terenie. Imamowie zapisywali księgi w języku polskim. Jedynie w latach 1800-1801,1803-1805 dokonywali wpisów po łacinie, a od 1867 roku zapisywali je po rosyjsku.
EN
On 12 March 1679, king Jan III Sobieski of Poland, issued an edict settling the Tatars on Crown Estates in Studzianka, Lebiedziew and Małaszewicze in the province of Brest. Under later Polish rulers, Tatars lived in Połoski, Małaszewicze Wielkie and Małe, Trojanów, Woroniec, Ossowo, Wólka Kościeniewiecka, Koszoły, Ortel (former Wortel), Bokinka Tatarska and Kościeniewicze. Their largest community was in Studzianka and its environs. They had a mosque in Studzianka, active until 1915, and cemeteries in Studzianka and Zastawek, still existing today. In the parish registers 1798-1911 in Studzianka there are 131 entries for Tatar marriages. They were contracted in different villages. An imam would go from place to place to perform the rites. The marriage entries are in Polish, Latin (for the years 1800-1801 and 1803-1805) and Russian (from 1867 onwards).
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