Search results - CEJSH

1

The Population of Fejér County in the 18thCentury Through the Eyes of Foreign Travellers

100%

Sztana-Kovács A.

Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica

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2014

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vol. 5

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issue 2

169-183

EN

Lack of source material makes it difficult to examine the population history of the times of the Ottoman domination in Fejér county. Therefore it is inevitable to use memoirs, travel diaries, travel books and country descriptions penned by foreign travellers. In our study we are following the change of the image of the Hungarians, and the images of other ethnic groups as they appear in the memoirs of foreign visitors. In this paper we compare the descriptions of different ethnic groups inhabiting the county in the 18th century. We are interested in the following questions: first, how much of these descriptions are based on personal experience; secondly, to what extent these books reflect their authors’ experiences or they are rather influenced by stereotypes of their age or earlier periods

2

„Prosta mowa” w tekstach o charakterze religijnym XVIII wieku (na podstawie wydań trebników w drukarniach bazyliańskich)

100%

Getka J.

Acta Neophilologica

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2016

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issue 18/2

129-139

EN

This article analyzes fragments of texts written in the prosta mova found in trebnyks printed by the Basilians. These fragments testify to the presence of the prosta mova in the church. They also confirm the opinions concerning the faint understanding of the Church Slavonic language by ordinary followers. In order for the faithful to able to consciously participate in various sacraments, the texts contained in the trebnyks were adapted to local language reality. The Basilian trebnyks that are subject to analysis in this article (except for the one printed in Supraśl) are very similar to the Orthodox Trebnyk by P. Mohyla, referred to here as relevant to the context of the problem. The fact that the Basilians followed Mohyla’s pattern so eagerly contradicts the emerging theories that the Basilian Order was engaged solely in the Polonisation activities.

3

Cathérine Le Grand dans les écrits de Charles-Joseph de Ligne

100%

Pychowska J.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2012

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vol. 39

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issue 1

41-48

EN

Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian fi eld marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immportalized in de Ligne’s various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter.

FR

Charles-Joseph de Ligne (1735-1814), a Wallon and European Prince, subject of the Austro-Hungary Empire, a heartbreaker of the French Europe, is considered the most famous representative of literary cosmopolitanism. War, love and writing were inseparable in his life. He took part in numerous military campaigns, serving both Austria and Russia, as a Russian colonel, a commander of the order of Maria Theresa, and an Austrian field marshal. He authored various texts related to war; he admired heroism of Charles II, Conde, the tactics of Frederick II, the strategies of Napoleon, Catherine II. The latter was immortalized in de Ligne’s various texts representing different literary genres. The Prince was clearly fascinated by the Empress, and he depicted her in a positive light as an educated person, both agreable and determined. Can we, however, talk about the documentary character of his work ? Instead, the Prince seems to be a documentalist-interpreter.

4

Neznámý výrobek cikánských kovářů na Moravě 18. století

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Hanzal J.

Národopisný věstník

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2023

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vol. 40_(82)

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issue 1

115-118

EN

The local Gypsies and the Gypsies coming to the country from Upper Hungary (present- day Slovakia) practiced mainly blacksmith’s trade. They produced a variety of blacksmith’s products, in the production of which guild blacksmiths were not involved or not able to make such products. A funnel for force-feeding geese is a recently identified product of the Hungarian Gypsies.

5

Alphabetum Boëmicum (1718): slabikář pro učené

100%

Koupil O.

Listy filologické (Folia philologica)

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2013

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vol. 136

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issue 3-4

365-382

EN

The aim of this article is to present the contents and accents of anonymously published Prague print Alphabetum Boëmicum (1718 in K. F. Rosenmüller’s publishing house). The book is written in Latin and provides the summarization of the traditional Czech orthography of Bohemian and Moravian printers of the 16th–19th century. The author of Alphabetum relies on the authority of Venceslaus Joannes Rosa’s grammar of Czech (1672). His practical handbook contains special orthographical rules (‘licentia scribentium’) for the scriveners in Czech – in the history of Czech language this is to be regarded as a rare testimony of the reflection of the distinction between the orthography for printers and that for scriveners.

6

Historia prasy w nowym ujęciu (o książce Dzieje prasy polskiej. Wiek XVIII Danuty Hombek)

100%

Chlewicka K.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia ad Bibliothecarum Scientiam Pertinentia

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2017

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vol. 15

402-407

EN

Review article of the book: D. Hombek, Dzieje prasy polskiej: wiek XVIII (do 1795 r.). Kielce:Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego, 2016, ISBN 978-83-7133-668-3, 174 p.

7

Stavba Klášterského mlýna ve Svaté Dobrotivé v letech 1701–1702. Rozbor a edice účtu

100%

Maur E.

Folia historica Bohemica

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2013

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vol. 28

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issue 1

151-177

EN

A bill for building a mill in Svatá Dobrotivá on the Zbiroh demesne in 1701–1702, which is recorded and interpreted there, provides a unique illustration of building a village mill in the early 18th century and describes its equipment. It shows how estate owners used their position to reduce the price (by employing craftsmen only from their estates, corvée in digging the foundations, collection of stones and transport of material) at the break of the 16th and 17th century. It also serves as a valuable source of terminology used in the contemporary crafts.

8

Poľnohospodárska produkcia na koháryovských majetkoch v Novohradskej stolici po povstaní Františka Rákociho II.

100%

Szirácsik É.

Acta historica Neosoliensia Vedecký časopis pre historické vedy

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2016

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vol. 19

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issue 1

4-33

EN

In the period after the Rákóczi Freedom Fight on the Kohárys’ Nógrád-centred three estates the most significant manor was owned by István Koháry. On his land the ploughlands, meadows and pasturelands were more extensive than on the common family possession and the lands belonging to Koháry Farkas’ sons. Only the undivided landed property and István Koháry’s estate had manorial vineyards probably the latter being the bigger ones. And only István Koháry had a very modest manorial garden. In István Koháry’s manor in Fülek (Fiľakovo) horses, donkeys, cattle and bees were kept. As for András Koháry’s land sources indicate only horses and pigs, while for the common family land only in one year paid horse grooms are mentioned, originally employed on István Koháry’s land. In the estate forests hunting was carried out and mushroom was collected for the landlords. Fees or tenth were imposed on pigs fed on acorn in these forests. Water usage of the estates, however, can hardly be found in documents.

9

Kontakty interpersonalne staropolskich podróżników stanu duchownego

100%

Rok B.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

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2017

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vol. XXIV

198-215

EN

The text presents different types of interpersonal contacts in the course of the journey based on Polish clergymen’s travel reports from the 18th century. The clergy establish numerous contacts primarily with other encountered travelers of their state. Also, information about meetings with peregrines and people on subsequent stages of the journey can be found. Interesting, contacts include Poles and important people of that time. It is important to emphasize the assertiveness of clergy travelers and their openness towards representatives of foreign nations.

10

Considerations On Dositej Obradović's Stay And Travels In Italy

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Lazarević Di Giacomo P.

Slavica Lodziensia

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2017

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issue 1

EN

This paper presents new data related to Dositej Obradović’s stay in Italy and the travels he undertook while he was there. In the period between 1769 and 1780 Obradović visited Trieste, Venice, Padua, Ferrara, Bologna, Florence, Pistoia, Lucca, Pisa, Livorno and Messina and later described these travels in his autobiography The Life and Adventures (1783). Although he is rather sketchy in his descriptions, we nonetheless discover that he became acquainted with a number of interesting fi gures of the day and was witness to contemporary events and phenomena: he tells us, for example, about the provveditore with whom he sailed to Venice and about the Rules of Health promulgated by the Venetian Republic in connection with the plague which was then raging. He also testifi es to the diet of the Venetian navy and the order issued by Catholic authorities prohibiting Orthodox priests from other countries from performing services in Dalmatia. The canale navile, in Bologna was also the object of Obradović’s attention. This artifi cial hydraulic system was a navigable channel making it possible to sail from Venice to Bologna(!) in the past. His descriptions of the heavily travelled road between Bologna and Florence and of the earthquake in Messina which took place after his departure for Chios are also interesting historical accounts of the period.

11

„Pomoc nie tylko dla zgromadzenia mego…” Działalność edytorska benedyktynek wileńskich za rządów ksieni Franciszki Anny Wołłowiczówny

89%

Gwioździk J.

Śląskie Studia Polonistyczne

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2017

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vol. 10

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issue 2

68-91

EN

At the end of Saxon times and in the king Stanisław period, the Benedictine monastery in Vilnius was a community of people who used various types of prints; in accordance with the patterns of behavior and communication habits characteristic of the feminine contemplative community. The merits of Wołłowiczówna were twofold: she initialized the creation of the texts and she resumed and subsidized prints, which were published for the use of the monastery and to meet the religious needs of the society. The created texts were mainly works in the field of theology of spirituality, which certified the role of the written word in the monastery, and normative as well as formative works, which were used in the internal circulation of the monastery (and in other monasteries of various rules). The translated and native ascetical literature and brackish texts, however, were made available not only to the Benedictines, but also to the public. Also,occasional prints were published: those created and maintained the monastery’s bonds with the clergy and the local society and, at the same time, documented important events in the life of the community.

12

Eestlaste kuvand 18. ja 19. sajandi Euroopa reisikirjades (kuni 1850. aastateni)

88%

Rennit M.

Mäetagused

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2013

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vol. 54

97-138

EN

Travel accounts were a popular kind of literature among European readers. They had an entertaining, educating and practical function. Travelogues created images for the described countries and nations and, by circulating and translating them, ensured geographically wide spread and persistence in time. The article is aimed at analysing Estonians’ image in the travelogues published in Europe in the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries. The majority of European travelogues including descriptions of the Baltic provinces of that period were published as a result of expeditions to Russia, mainly St. Petersburg. The Baltic provinces were hardly ever the autonomous destination of travels. Fourty-two travelogues by European authors including descriptions of Estonian territories were considered. Twenty of these issues completely missed descriptions of indigenous Estonian people; so only twenty-two travelogues were taken under investigation. Imagological method was used to analyse Estonians’ image in these literary works. The descriptions of Estonians dating from the 18th and the first half of the 19th centuries bear the imprint of the Enlightenment era. The image of Estonians introduces them as people with limited mental abilities, living in poor conditions due to long-lasting oppression, and prone to vices such as laziness and excessive drinking. By their appearance, Estonians were described as ugly or even savage. Often, they were depicted as slaves who were treated like animals, with no personal willpower. As positive traits, the nation’s poetic mind, beautiful language and noble character originating from the ancient ‘golden’ era have been mentioned. The abolishing of serfdom in Estonia in 1816 and in Livonia in 1819 brought about an essential positive change in Estonians’ image. Similar to earlier times, the travelogues of the second quarter of the 19th century maintained descriptions of indigenous people’s wretched living conditions and sympathetic attitude towards peasants; yet, these were accompanied by discussions about how sensible it was to abolish serfdom, as well as its results and perspectives. Formally, Estonians had been set free; yet, in reality they were not able, willing or capable of realising their freedom. The change was clearly noticeable as compared to the image of a slave prevailing in the 18th century: instead of former hopelessness, positive development became possible.

13

"Abbé" Scipio Piattoli ve Slovanském přehledu podruhé

88%

Hlavačka M.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2021

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vol. 107

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issue 2

473-510

EN

This contribution offers an edition of a document that is now kept in the Austrian state archive in the Viennese neighborhood of Erdberg. It was written in connection with the arrest of Polish aristocratic patriots in July 1794 in Karlsbad, Prague, and Vienna; however, it only reached its present length in 1885. At that time, confidential orders were issued by Eugen Lippich, the government secretary of the Ministry of Trade in Vienna, for the archivists to quickly process all the files from the Prague governor’s archives concerning the arrest and imprisonment of Scipio Piattoli. They were also to find out whether his correspondence that was seized by the police, and above all else, the diary that Scipio Piattoli kept during his almost six years of imprisonment in Josefov and in Prague, were still there in the archives. Scipio Piattoli was imprisoned because he played an important role as a mediator between the Polish king and the opposition during the Great Sejm that voted for the Constitution of 3 May 1791. He actively supported the Kościuszko Uprising by establishing diplomatic relations with French revolutionaries. After the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising by Russian and Prussian troops in November 1794, almost all of the Polish aristocrats who were detained in Austria were released from prison. However, only abbé Scipio Piattoli, from whom the Vienna and Prague police had promised to gain confidential information about an alleged pan-European organization of revolutionaries, was detained until May 1800. Scipio Piattoli the lived the rest of his years in the court of the Duchess of Courland.

14

Z dziejów kontrreformacji na Śląsku Cieszyńskim albo jak Suchankowie z Brzezówki w XVII i XVIII wieku wiarę zmieniali

88%

Morys-Twarowski M.

Historica: revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy (Historica: Review in history and related sciences)

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2018

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vol. 9

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issue 1

83-99

EN

The starting point of this article is an attempt to answer the following question: why did some peasants in Cieszyn Silesia choose to convert to Catholicism during the Counter-Reformation (1654–1781), while others remained Protestant? This article analyzes the denominational choices of one ordinary peasant family living in Cieszyn Silesia at the time – the Suchanek family, who resided in the village of Brzezówka (now in the Cieszyn district), belonged to the Teschener Kammer (Komora Cieszyńska, Těšínská komora), a princely state owned by the Habsburg family. Contrary to claims made in existing literature, there is no evidence linking an individual’s affluence to their choice of denomination. The decisive factor was in fact the individual’s wife’s denomination – to put it in simple terms, some put emphasis on which church to go to, while others put emphasis on who they go to church with.

15

Mužský odev 18. storočia v zrkadle súdnych písomností z Liptovskej stolice

88%

Nemec M.

Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)

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2023

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vol. 110

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issue 1

85-107

EN

The clothing of criminals in the 18th century did not differ significantly from the clothing of the people around them, which is hardly surprising, as they came from their ranks. However, we can see in their clothing a reflection of their professional or social status. For example, it is evident from the clothing of most robbers that they came from a shepherd’s environment. In their clothing, we find components that have been explicitly designated as shepherd’s or were often found on shepherd’s clothing. Various forms of individual decoration are found on trousers and headgear, such as cloth ribbons and beads in particular, and also seashells. As for other categories of criminal, identifying a pattern for such a small number of cases is complicated. However, in general, their clothing contained mostly elements typical of their status or profession. Still, it is clear that even the clothes of the lower social groups were not uniform, and so in descriptions of them we find less common components.

16

Strategie polskich tłumaczy włoskich librett w XVIII wieku

88%

Miszalska J.

Między Oryginałem a Przekładem

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2013

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vol. 22

11-25

EN

Polish dramatic writers of the 18th century very often referred to the European repertoire. The majority of Polish dramas in fact were translations or adaptations of foreign texts. Among Italian sources opera and oratorio librettos were the most important. The paper is an attempt to review Polish translations of Italian librettos in the 18th century, to reconstruct the translators’ motivation and to discover their translation strategies. In the first half of the 18th century a huge part of translated dramas were created by the Jesuits in order to be presented on school stage. Apart from this kind of texts at that time there were also Polish translations whose aim was to accompany performances in Italian language as texts „for reading”. Only in the late 18th century translation were used in performances with original music. Specific circumstances and finality of translations would have a decisive impact on translation strategies which could affect the story, the ideology but also the form of dramas and usually resulted in change of genre. These modifications prove that the translation of theater texts is especially submitted to a pressure of target system cultural context because the target text has to establish a direct contact with the public. Examining the history of translations and the evolution of translator’s approach helps to reconstruct an important share of the history of Polish dramaturgy and to indicate its sources.

17

Obraz islamu w Rzeczpospolitej w XVIII w.

88%

Maśko A.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2015

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issue 3-4

191-206

EN

The end of successive wars between the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Ottoman Empire (the treaty of Karlowitz, 1699) and a new peaceful coexistence brought gradually changes in Poland in the 18th century as far as the perception of the Muslim state is concerned. This was also due to cultural transformations – the adoption of the ideas of the Enlightenment and orientalism which came into fashion in Western Europe. At that time, the so-called ‘sarmatian’ ideology and mentality, dominant in Poland in the previous century, were still common. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether the influence of these foreign novelties on the Polish image of Islam was significant. The main sources of knowledge about Islam in Poland in the 18th century are considered to be the published works of prominent Polish authors such as Józef Mikosza, Kajetan Chrzanowski, Franciszek Bohomolec and Ignacy Krasicki. Their descriptions of Muslim beliefs are compared with information from Polish magazines, encyclopaedias, geography textbooks, travel descriptions and diaries from the same century as well as with Polish works dealing with this topic which were written in the previous two centuries, and finally with foreign works about Islam which had won some popularity among Polish readers. Two examples are discussed – opinions about the Prophet Muhammad and the Qur’an. The main part of the article is preceded by a short presentation of the aforementioned cultural changes and followed by a conclusion.

18

Periodical as an information medium in book distribution

88%

Poriezová M., Juríková E.

Human Affairs

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2013

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vol. 23

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issue 3

373-381

EN

The article looks at Novi ecclesiastico-scholastici Annales (…), a periodical which is a significant resource in book culture research. The authors focus mainly on book distribution and propagation in Protestant communities during the last decade of the 18th century.

19

Z předměstí na venkov: nucené přesunutí královéhradeckého obyvatelstva v důsledku výstavby pevnosti ve druhé polovině 18. století

88%

Vojtíšková J.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2017

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vol. 9

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issue 1

250-263

EN

The paper focuses on the case of the Hradec Králové suburban population, which was gradually forced to move after the second half of the 1760s in order to free the area for the building of a bastion fortress. While the first generation of the evacuees (“vybouranci”), as this population was called, moved to new suburban settlements on the very outskirts of the town district and remained in contact with the town community, though separated by the military zone, their descendants had converted their settlements by the mid-19th century to separate municipalities and became new neighbours of the fortress town of Hradec Králové. The present study aims to map this complex process, the consequences of which have been strongly reflected in the urban, demographic and economic development of the town and its immediate surroundings.

20

Ciąża w opiniach mieszkańców Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów w XVIII wieku

88%

Janicka J.

Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka

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2020

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vol. 75

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issue 1

73-92

EN

The article raises the issue of pregnancy as a special state not only in woman’s life, but also in life of people closest to her. Several opinions and advices regarding the “blessed state” (Polish expression for “a delicate state”) as seen by the population of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 18th century were quoted and discussed.

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