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Cognitive and behavioral predictors in the process of smoking cessation during pregnancy: Testing for discontinuity patterns in the Transtheoretical Model

100%
Życińska J.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2009
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issue 1
29-37
EN
The aim of the study was to assess predictive power of cognitive variables and health-promoting behaviors for the process of smoking cessation described in terms of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Participants in the study were 150 women (mean age 26.93, SD = 4.56 years), in uncomplicated pregnancy. Cigarette smokers constituted 29.3% of the sample, while the rest had previously quitted smoking (in that number 42.1% during pregnancy). Beliefs and expectations were measured by means of scales developed by the authoress, while health-related behaviors were assessed using the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) by Z. Juczynski, supplemented with pregnancy-specific behaviors. TTM discontinuity patterns were tested in the study using polynomial-based orthogonal contrasts. Statistically significant linear trends were found for expectations concerning the infant's health state and the course of delivery, for beliefs about the effect of maternal smoking on infant health, as well as for pregnancy health behaviors. The obtained results were confirmed by hierarchical regression analysis, with smoking cessation explained to a larger extent by cognitive factors than by health-related behaviors. This may suggest that the TTM is a 'pseudo-stage' model, and a general change of the variables under study is of greater importance for the process of smoking cessation than focusing on the TTM stages.
2
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The role of occupational activities and work environment in occupational injury and interplay of personal factors in various age groups among Indian and French coalminers

86%
Bhattacherjee A., Kunar B. M., Baumann M., Chau N.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2013
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vol. 26
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issue 6
910-929
EN
Objective: The role of occupational hazards in occupational injury may be mediated by individual factors across various age groups. This study assessed the role of occupational hazards as well as contribution of individual factors to injuries among Indian and French coalminers. Material and Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 245 injured workers and on 330 controls without any injuries from Indian coal mines using face-to-face interviews, and a retrospective study on 516 French coalminers using a self-administered questionnaire including potential occupational and personal factors. Data were analyzed using logistic models. Results: The annual rate of injuries was 5.5% for Indian coalminers and 14.9% for the French ones. Logistic model including all occupational factors showed that major injury causes were: hand-tools, material handling, machines, and environment/work-geological/strata conditions among Indian miners (adjusted oddsratios 2.01 to 3.30) and biomechanical exposure score among French miners (adjusted odds-ratio 3.01 for score the 1-4, 3.47 for the score 5-7, and 7.26 for score ≥ 8, vs. score 0). Personal factors among Indian and French coalminers reduced/exacerbated the roles of various occupational hazards to a different extent depending on workers' age. Conclusion: We conclude that injury roles of occupational hazards were reduced or exacerbated by personal factors depending on workers' age in both populations. This knowledge is useful when designing prevention which should definitely consider workers' age.
3
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Determinanty zachowań zdrowotnych nauczycieli i studentów wychowania fizycznego

58%
Nowak P. F., Lelonek M., Suliga E., Choła Ł.
Medycyna Pracy
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2024
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vol. 75
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issue 4
355-365
EN
Background The level of health behavior of physical education teachers and people preparing to perform this profession is important from the point of view of the need to play the role of a health promoter – an authority in the promotion of health culture. The aim of the study was to assess the level of teachers’ health behaviors of physical education teachers and students, as well as to search for their determinants. Material and Methods The research covered 127 teachers and 173 physical education students. Standardized questionnaire tools were used to assess the level of health behaviors (Juczyński Health Behavior Inventory) and physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire). Results Teachers demonstrate a higher level of health behaviors than students. Most respondents achieved an average level of the general health behavior index (HBI) (53.1% of teachers, 52.3% of students), while a high level – 26.8% of teachers, 19.8% of students and a low level – 19.9% of teachers and 27.7% of students. Female gender and teaching profession are significant predictors of HBI. Physical activity, both its current level and the level undertaken in the past, as well as the body mass index (BMI) do not determine HBI. In the regression model, physical activity is significantly associated with male gender, past sports activity and a lower BMI level. Conclusions Research indicates neglect in the general area of health behaviors among men, while among women, physical activity needs to be more widely popularized. The teacher education system should be more focused on the development of self-development competencies in the context of health-promoting behaviors.
PL
Wstęp Poziom zachowań zdrowotnych nauczycieli wychowania fizycznego i osób przygotowujących się do wykonywania tego zawodu jest istotny ze względu na konieczność przyjęcia roli promotora zdrowia – autorytetu w zakresie krzewienia kultury zdrowotnej. Celem niniejszej pracy była ocena poziomu zachowań zdrowotnych nauczycieli i studentów wychowania fizycznego, a także poszukiwanie ich determinantów. Materiał i metody Badaniami objęto 127 nauczycieli i 173 studentów wychowania fizycznego. Zastosowano wystandaryzowane narzędzia kwestionariuszowe pozwalające ocenić poziomy zachowań zdrowotnych (Inwentarz zachowań zdrowotnych wg Juczyńskiego) i aktywności fizycznej (Międzynarodowy kwestionariusz aktywności fizycznej). Wyniki Nauczyciele prezentowali wyższy poziom zachowań zdrowotnych niż studenci. Większość badanych uzyskała średni poziom ogólnego wskaźnika zachowań zdrowotnych (53,1% nauczycieli, 52,3% studentów). Wysoki poziom tego wskaźnika odnotowano u 26,8% nauczycieli i 19,8% studentów, a niski – u 19,9% nauczycieli i 27,7% studentów. Płeć żeńska i wykonywanie zawodu nauczyciela okazały się istotnymi predyktorami wyższego poziomu wskaźnika zachowań zdrowotnych. Aktywność fizyczna (zarówno jej obecny poziom, jak i działania podejmowane w przeszłości), a także wartość wskaźnika masy ciała (body mass index – BMI) nie determinowały poziomu zachowań zdrowotnych badanych. W modelu regresyjnym aktywność fizyczna była związana istotnie z płcią męską, aktywnością sportową w przeszłości i niższym BMI. Wnioski Badania wskazują na zaniedbania w ogólnym obszarze zachowań zdrowotnych wśród płci męskiej, natomiast w grupie kobiet aktywność fizyczna wymaga szerszego popularyzowania. System kształcenia nauczycieli w większym stopniu powinien być nakierowany na rozwój kompetencji związanych z autorozwojem w kontekście zachowań prozdrowotnych.
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