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1

Wynagrodzenia za dzieła dedykowane lub ofiarowane Radzie Miejskiej Gdańska w XVII w. Źródłowy przyczynek do dziejów mecenatu miejskiego

100%
Kizik E.
Rocznik Biblioteki Narodowej
|
2012
|
vol. 43
75-85
EN
In the 16th century the custom of putting dedications in printed books spread widely. They quickly became a conventional form of writing, serving as an advertisement and decoration, and often stressing the bond between the author and his patron. Apart from literary aspects and gestures of gratitude, dedications normally were not selfless. Their aim was often to elicit a particular profit - for example compensation for incurred costs or time - as a token of the addressee’s appreciation. The problem lies in determining the actual amount of this appreciation. The account book of Gdańsk, the biggest Polish city of the 16th and 17th centuries, comes to our aid. In books of the city’s budget expenses, we can find notes on funds spent on dedications written for the city council, the mayor, or the whole city. Despite the brevity of entries, we can easily make a correlation between tenths of dated notes on the amount of payments, and particular publications and their authors. In the lists of those awarded we can find the names of famous as well as completely unknown people from Gdańsk, Poland, and abroad. This publication is the result of an introductory query into several volumes of the city’s accountancy. Materials from Gdańsk’s municipal treasury, without any major deficiency, are well preserved from the end of the 17th century to the Second Partition of Poland, when Gdańsk was seized by Prussia. It is a fact that more detailed studies of accountancy mentions would result in a deeper understanding of extra-literary aspects of the custom of dedications in Gdańsk itself, and in the Poland of that era.
2

THE WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM IN GDANSK IN THE 16TH-18TH C. LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS (Siec wodociagowa w Gdansku XVI-XVIII wieku. Aspekty prawne i ekonomiczne)

100%
Kaczor D.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
325-341
EN
Gdansk had waterworks already at the end of the 14th c. The rapid development of the city induced the municipal authorities to modernize its water supply system. The construction of the new waterworks began in 1536 and was completed in 1573-1576. The central element of the system was a water tower located opposite the Upper Gate (Brama Wyzynna), thanks to which water could be pumped from to the city system Lake Jasien through underground wooden pipes. The water supply system was financed by the city. The municipal authorities issued very precise regulations concerning the conditions of connecting particular houses to the water pipe, as well as the rules of using the supply in burgher houses. The municipal budget paid for the waterworks in the Main Town; in the other parts of the city the system was financed by the inhabitants interested in access to running water. The waterworks system was best developed in the Main Town; almost two thirds of the concessions issued in the 17-18th c. concerned that part of the city. In 1625 20%, and in 1716 about 30% of houses in that quarter were supplied with running water. The connection to the system had to be paid for. Users were charged a lump sum, which fluctuated from 30 florins in the mid 16th c. to 300 florins in the second half of the 18th c. Over 200 years the real value of the water supply charge increased fivefold. The cost was not very high for the well-off Gdansk merchants and patriciate, but it discouraged less affluent burghers from taking advantage of this prestigious privilege, thus giving the rich an opportunity to manifest their superiority.
3

ON DEFINING THE PARTICIPATORY MUSEUM: THE CASE OF THE MUSEUM OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN GDANSK

80%
Manikowska E., Jakubowski A.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
|
2021
|
vol. 9
|
issue 4
41 - 55
EN
This article seeks to contribute to the current debate on the new definition of the “museum” – a debate which led to turmoil at the 2019 ICOM General Assembly in Kyoto. With reference to the case study of the Museum of the Second World War in Gdansk (MSWW), it analyses the new and very successful genre of the narrative museum, a genre which arguably fulfils the core elements of the definition currently being discussed by ICOM. In this regard, it brings into focus the paramount importance of community involvement in creating and managing narrative museums – an aspect that has been virtually absent in the academic and media debates over the nature of the MSWW and its programme. By pointing out the fragility of the foundations for such participation, based solely on trust between communities, the museum, and state authorities, this article calls for and provides guidance for an academic and institutional redefinition of the narrative museum and the institution of a museum in general.
4

THE USE OF WIND POWER AND THE ROLE OF SAILS EXEMPLIFIED WITH THE FIFTEENTH-CENTURY CARAVEL 'PETER VON DANZIG' (Wykorzystanie energii wiatru i rola zagli na przykladzie karaweli 'Peter von Danzig' z drugiej polowy XV wieku)

80%
Mozejko B.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
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vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
295-303
EN
The history of the caravel known since 1471 as 'Peter von Danzig' gives us an insight into the use of wind power and sails. The caravel, built in la Rochelle on the Atlantic as 'S. Pierre la Rochelle', sailed to its maiden voyage in 1462 under the command of Aymar Beoff, carrying a cargo of salt to Gdansk. In Gdansk it was damaged by a storm and stayed for ten years in the port on the Motlawa. Pledged by the second-in-command Pierre Nates to Gdansk burghers Rudolph Feldstete and Caspar Lange in May 1464, it had been falling into disrepair until the spring of 1471, when the city council decided to renovate it and to use it in the war of the Hanseatic League against England. The caravel was a three-master, equipped, as is indicated in the 1464 letter of pledge, with three basic sails: a foresail on the foremast, a square mainsail on the mainmast and a lateen sail on the mizzenmast. On the 19th of August 1471 the renovated ship, renamed 'Peter von Danzig', sailed to war with the British, armed with 18 cannons and carrying a crew of 350 men commanded by the city councillor Berndt Pawest. Pawest's detailed reports, describing the daily service of the caravel, are an excellent source of data on the history of the ship and the mediaeval technique of sailing, especially the use of wind power and sails. Pawest describes several occasions when the caravel was beset by winds on the Northern Sea. His account of an action at the English coast at the beginning of 1472 brings particularly valuable information on the role of wind in mediaeval sailing. The ship suffered a leak and water had to be pumped out; as a result the crew had to fight hard with the wind to navigate to Zwin (Swin), where the caravel had to be repaired for several months before it was fit to set sail again in the autumn of 1473.
5

FINANCIAL PROVISION FOR WIDOWS IN GDANSK IN THE 17TH - 18TH C. (Zabezpieczenie finansowe wdów w Gdansku w XVII-XVIII wieku)

80%
Kizik E.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2010
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vol. 58
|
issue 1
87-100
EN
In Gdansk, which was the most populated city of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until the mid 18th c. (50 000 inhabitants), an important social issue was the financial support for widows. The present article explores two aspect of this problem: the legal aspect, which concerns the extent to which widows' interests were protected by the law, and the financial aspect, which concerns the forms of financial support available to widows (private provisions, assistance funds). The analysis was based on legal documents (codices, testaments, statutes) and on accounting documents, both of the city (the cash ledgers of Gdansk) and of the guilds (the books of widow assistance funds). The law operative in Gdansk and other Prussian towns (ius culmense, Kulmer Recht), unlike the Polish law, in the case of intestate procedure gave widows the right to inherit a half of the couple's joint property. Testamentary bequest, which was often used in Gdansk, allowed to increase the widow's or widower's share to 7/8 of the joint property. When the property was substantial, such arrangements provided widows with sufficient financial means; additionally, when guild workshops were inherited, bequest allowed women to keep control over the management of the enterprise. The most common form of providing financial support to widows were special assistance funds organized by professional associations. The first funds were organized in the circle of Lutheran pastors in the city (1634) and in the country areas administered by the city (1666, 1697). In the 18th c. funds became popular in other professional groups and in guilds. The preserved statutes and ledgers of such funds allow for an analysis of their activities, the value of the contributions, the character of cash flows and the granting of allowances in the circle of Gdansk artillerists (the fund worked since 1727), the guild of bricklayers (1705), shipwrights (1747), carpenters (1763), surgeons (1765), bakers (1769) and millers (1792). The article also reflects on the role of private widow funds and individual legacies, which were aimed at supporting poor widows.
6

SOURCES TO STUDYING THE HISTORY OF THE MODERN HOUSE IN GDANSK IN THE RECORDS OF THE 'VETO COURT' (17TH - 18TH C.) (Zrodla do dziejow nowozytnego domu gdanskiego w materialach Sadu Wetowego (XVII-XVIII w.))

80%
Kizik E.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2007
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vol. 55
|
issue 2
161-175
EN
Previous research on house-building in modern Gdansk has not taken into consideration the records of the so-called 'Veto Court' (German Wettegericht), kept in the State archive in Gdansk. The Veto Court was a municipal office responsible for the execution of local regulations concerning trade and order, as well as for preventing unplanned building. Since the end of the 16th c. building a house required a planning permission from the Veto Court, which was issued on the basis of advice from expert carpenters and bricklayers appointed by the respective guilds. The permissions preserved cover over 200 years, from the end of the 16th c. to the turn of the 19th c., without significant gaps. The preliminary survey that was the basis of the present article concerned two books which recorded permissions from 1599-1698 and 1698-1746, and 12 sets of documents from the period between the mid 18th c. and 1814, containing notes from inspections of building sites. Altogether, the corpus available contains the impressive number of 8005 permissions from the years 1599-1745 and over 1000 expert opinions from the period between 1746 until the beginning of the 19th c. The formalized records, apart from the name, profession and position of the owner of the property, specify the place, the type of object, its size and location within the whole building and in relation to adjacent buildings, the character of the work planned, its scope and the material to be used. In some cases the Court set extra conditions, e.g. concerning the extent to which terraces, doorsteps, roofs, stalls and other annexes could protrude into the street. In cases of erecting a house after a demolition, or of restructuring an existing one, it was customary to include the measurements of both the old and the new building. In addition to surveying the sources, the author attempted a preliminary chronological tabulation of the material from the years 1599-1745. This has disclosed periods of boom and recession in house building. The yearly average for the 17th c. is 62, while for the years 1701-1745 only 38. Generally, in contrast with the boom in the first half of the 17th c. in the first half of the 18th c. saw a downward trend in the construction trade. The data from the Veto Court permissions can be analyzed quantitatively, e.g. concentrating on a sociotopographic criterion (the owner's profession), a structural element (terraces, stalls, shacks, dwelling cellars, industrial buildings), construction techniques and materials (brick, timber-framed or wooden houses), the activity of master carpenters and bricklayers, etc. Correlating those sources with other huge corpora of documents (e.g. probate inventories, guild records, land registers) can lead to very interesting results, contributing to a synthesis of the history of house-building in modern Gdansk.
7

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE AT THE FORMER HIGHER TECHNICAL SCHOOL IN GDANSK (1904–1945). STRUCTURE, TEACHERS, IDEAS (Oddzial architektury w dawnej Wyzszej Szkole Technicznej w Gdansku (1904–1945). Struktura, wykladowcy, koncepcje)

80%
Bernhardt K.
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
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2010
|
vol. 35
115-137
EN
The Higher Technical School was established in 1904 in Gdansk and existed to 1945, when it was transformed into the Gdansk University of Technology. Since the very beginning the School had a department of architecture. The Department, together with its members, teachers and students, is still little known. The present article focuses on the history of the Department, starting off from the posit that it was characterised by different attitude towards architecture which allows us to put forward the hypothesis of the ‘Gdansk school of architecture'. An important stimulus for its establishment was provided already during the initial discussion about the formation of the department, when it was said that due to the historical substance of Gdansk buildings, architecture should be taught from an artistic angle. This idea and the views of Friedrich Ostendorf who in 1904 was appointed professor of Medieval architectural design at the Department could be regarded as the starting point for the Department's tradition which for decades was developing - through right personal policy and curriculum - the basis for learning architecture in Gdansk. An important point of reference was the belief that there existed timeless rules of planning and designing and it was possible to isolate them from the studies of old architecture. The participation of the Department members in the creation of urban and architectural landscape of the city at the end of the 1920s and in the beginning of the 1930s marked - as could be concluded from the research conducted so far - the culmination of the process.
8

THE OPERATION PRINCIPLE OF THE WASSERKUNST IN GDANSK IN THE 16TH-18TH C. (Zasada dzialania gdanskiego Wasserkunstu w XVI-XVIII wieku)

80%
Krzywdzinski R.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2008
|
vol. 56
|
issue 3-4
343-352
EN
The term Wasserkunst refers to the pump station, or the water tower supplying one of the waterworks in Gdansk. The whole structure, except the waterwheel, was located in a low tower. The Wasserkunst was situated at the western side of the Main Town of Gdansk, opposite the High Gate, on the left bank of the Radunia Canal. The structure can be studied on the basis of written sources, iconographic and cartographic materials and, indirectly, archaeological data. The oldest mentions indicate that the first water tower in Gdansk was built in the years 1536-1537. The most valuable account of the mechanism of the water tower is a drawing in the copies of the plan of the Main Town's waterworks made by Michael Wittwerck. The original has not survived or is not in Gdansk now. There are, however, three copies: by C. Ackermann from 1717, by J. Charpentier from 1719 and by T. Lindenau from 1825. All the copies show two sections: vertical and horizontal. The drawings show the construction and the mechanism of the pump in detail. The whole tower was taken up by the mechanism of the pump and the water reservoir, whose bottom was located just over the surface of water drawn from the Radunia Canal. At the bottom of the reservoir there were two cylindrical pumps, working alternately. The mechanism applied in the Gdansk Wasserkunst was a piston pump, which relies on the reciprocating movement of the piston inside a cylinder, resulting in a pressure difference between the sucking and the pumping side.
9
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GDANSK CLAVICHORDS AND HARPSICHORDS IN THE 17TH AND 18TH CENTURIES

80%
Vogel B.
Muzyka
|
2004
|
vol. 49
|
issue 1(192)
79-101
EN
Gdansk (Danzig) was famous as a centre of musical instrument manufacture during the 16th-18th centuries. Dozens of viol-makers and violin-makers, wind instrument makers, and finally keyboard instrument makers were recorded throughout that period. Viols, trumpets and harpsichords from Gdansk are listed in many court, church, convent and town inventories from Poland, Scandinavian and other countries. What is more, many apprentices and journeymen from various countries were trained there and, for example, the Swedish authorities attempted to bring in keyboard instrument makers from Gdansk to Sweden, to start local manufacture, in the first half of the 18th century. This article attempts to paint a picture of a small aspect of Gdansk instrument making, namely clavichord and harpsichord manufacture during the 17th-18th centuries. Little research material from that period has survived to the present day. All we have in terms of physical evidence is one spinet made by Paul Steinicht in 1661, two harpsichord lids with painted decoration attributed to Gdansk artists, and one design of such decoration by a Gdansk painter from the end of the 16th century. On the other hand, surviving archival sources and various newspapers' announcements were rich enough in information to make the reconstruction of the history of local clavichord- and harpsichord-making possible. The paper then discusses the types of clavichords and harpsichords made in Gdansk during that period, including hybrids of the claviorgan type. It was possible to define their construction and the decoration used in various stages of the instruments' development. Surviving posthumous inventories of Gdansk citizens have also made it possible to determine the social function of the clavichord and harpsichord. While there were many instrument-makers in Gdansk, biographies of only a dozen or so, who undoubtedly made clavichords and harpsichords, are given in the Annex, among them those of Marten Kawinsky, Heinrich Bernhard Kein, Jacob Machowsky, Georg Wilhelm Rasmus, Johann Daniel Weber and Johann Werner Woge. The social status of Gdansk craftsmen is also discussed.
10

A JUG WITH GDANSK'S COAT OF ARMS IN THE NATIONAL MUSEUM IN CRACOW (Dzban z herbem Gdanska z Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie)

80%
Kostuch B.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
|
2011
|
vol. 59
|
issue 1
89-92
EN
Since 1909 the National Museum in Cracow has owned an impressive faience jug with Gdansk's coat of arms. The artefact, which used to be in Mathias Bernson's collection, has long intrigued scholars, who have tried to find out its provenance. Depending on the current state of research, the jug was attributed to various workshops located in Delft, Gdansk or Hamburg. Only at the end of the 20th c. was it established that faience vessels of that type, commissioned by various European towns, were produced in Portugal. The jug from Cracow, made in 1637, is one of the oldest artefacts with Gdansk's coat of arms preserved in European museums.
11
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GDANSK IN NOVELS BY PAWEL HUELLE AND STEFAN CHWIN - AN ATTEMPTED RECONSTRUCTION (Gdansk w powiesciach Pawla Huellego i Stefana Chwina - próba rekonstrukcji)

80%
Bossak-Herbst B.
Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa
|
2008
|
vol. 62
|
issue 3-4(282-283)
71-80
EN
The presented article is an attempt at reconstructing models of the identity of places present in biographical novels and stories by two celebrated authors and leaders of public opinion. The authoress seeks an answer to the question: which parts of the Tri-City are subjected to the most intense symbolisation in the oeuvre of the two men of letters? Do their works contain recurring combinations of values associated with concrete places in the space of Gdansk? How is the identity of people perceived within the context of the cultural identity of the place? Pawel Huelle creates a selective and vivid portrait of Gdansk, which appears to be one of his oeuvre's 'chief protagonists'. Even more extensive descriptions of cities and the author's experiences are to be found in novels by Stefan Chwin, who pays great attention to his closest surrounding. Both authors symbolically designate Gdansk by pursuing an archaeology of its residents' social memory and the micro-politics of local identity, enjoyed by numerous recipients.
12

WATCHFUL PHYSICIANS'S EYES. MEDICINE IN GDANSK IN THE ENLIGHTENMENT (Lekarzy czujne oczy. Medykalizacja w Gdansku doby oswiecenia)

70%
Szarszewski A.
Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym
|
2010
|
issue 2(15)
59-93
EN
In the Enlightenment one of the most important tasks of monarchies (due to the modernization processes) was to control and to improve citizens' physical condition. The process of medicalization (M. Foucault) was one of instruments that rulers used to exercise their power and domination. It was inspired by discussions led by scholars and physicians. Yet, it was highly complicated to implement those mechanisms of rationalization in the city of Gdansk, as the second partition of the Republic of Poland in 1793 meant for it both a transformation and a change of the sovereign. In this period one could observe a vivid discussion between the city council and local physicians (especially those from the Physicians' Society) over the project of medicalization. Nevertheless, it did not succeed because of political situation and a weakness of physicians' milieu in Gdansk. The final effect of the above-mentioned debates was visible in a modernization project proposed by a new governmental centre (since 1793 it was Berlin). It was to intensify the process of medical control by interception of the power by the authorities stronger involved in its modern representation. That local version of modernization seemed to be a very flexible version of the broader vision, and one of the most innovative in a whole Europe. In Gdansk were established basic elements of the process of medicalization: modernization of hospitals, medical control of poverty, surgeons' professionalisation, elements of the population policy (Entbindungs-Lehranstalt von Westpreussen). The example of Gdansk illustrates the fact, that society must consent to the medical control.
13
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Najstarszy zachowany gdański katalog sprzedaży prywatnej biblioteki z 1678 roku i jego zawartość

70%
Imańska I.
Toruńskie Studia Bibliologiczne
|
2011
|
vol. 4
|
issue 2(7)
9-28
EN
The article describes one of the oldest Polish 17th century sale catalogues of a private library. The catalogue presents an opportunity to get insight into composition and editorial issues of this type of publications. Not only does it show the beginnings of book auctions in Poland, but also allows to look into an interesting collection of books gathered by the Niclassius family of Gdansk. Part of the collection are over 220 Polish books which equals approx. 15% of the collection. This considerable number was unique in Gdansk libraries and may be explained by the fact that the clergymen who owned the library served at St. Peter and Paul's church which was a strong Polish center at the time.
14
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THE CRIES OF ITINERANT TRADERS OF GDANSK (1762-1765)

70%
Brzezinska B.
Muzyka
|
2005
|
vol. 50
|
issue 2(197)
45-77
EN
In the years 1762-1765, an engraving workshop in Gdansk belonging to M. Deisch (1724-1789) published a cycle of 40 etchings known today as 'Die Danziger Ausrufer' (The Gdansk Criers). The etchings show street traders, craftsmen and entertainers, and the texts of the verbal and musical cries of these pedlars. These are men, women and boys, who use the local variant of the German language, with an admixture of Dutch, Kashubian and Polish words. The cries are given a musical, but non-artistic form; they are not in the form of songs. The typicality and functonality of the musical form of the cries recorded on the etchings shows that the notation is close to the living original encountered in the streets: among other things, the selection of vocal registers, the ambit of the melodies, the natural concordance of the words, the melodies and the rhythm, the simplicity. The author of the musical record (who may have been Kunegunda Czacka, an aristocrat and a talented promoter of art) tried to record with precision the significant differentiation in the rhythm, the temporal progresss of the cries, and even attempted to record the movements of the criers, also using non-standard signs. Recording the cries in musical notation may have caused them to be smoothed out to some extent, sometimes to be too clearly delineated or to be stripped of some details which would have been difficult to record at that time. However, it is because they were recorded and published at all that we now have an approximate picture of the cries of Gdansk itinerant traders. What makes this publication all the more interesting is that it was produced in a century which precedes the development of professional collecting of folk music and the study of folklore.
15
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Promocja produktu turystycznego na przykładzie miasta Gdańska

70%
Kęprowska U.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
|
2012
|
vol. 2
|
issue 2
73-89
EN
The main way of spending free time is travelling and tourism, and therefore promoting the correct and modern tourist centers, including the urban centers, must play an important role in the development of local economy. Each city which wants to exist in the tourism industry should use its advantages skillfully and with effective result sell its attractiveness. The aim of this study is to show the importance of proper promotion of the city, to increase the attractiveness of the touristic locality. As an example of the studies has been selected the city of Gdansk, which marketing activities favors the development of touristic business. Due to the aim of the work the author has identified the promotion as a marketing and communication process addressed to the surroundings and also presented conditions and a range of promotion decisions. The author tried to identify ways to promote the city on the outside, which effectively act on a potential customer. The further part of the work concerned the secondary research that refer to the forms of information and promotion and their effectiveness in encouraging tourists to visit Gdansk. Research methodology has been defined and the results have been presented. Based on survey results were determined appropriate for Gdansk method of promotion.
16
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Kościoły, parafie ewangelickie w Gdańsku, organiści, carilloniści, kapelmistrzowie, kantorzy i ich dzieła oraz organmistrzowie związani z kościołem protestanckim od reformy Lutra do 1945 roku

61%
Perucki R.
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
|
2012
|
vol. 6
105-131
EN
The cultural traditions of Gdańsk have been developing since Reformation times. Among the very important features of this city have always been multilingualism, multiculturalism and multiconfessionalism. One of the most important religions in Gdańsk was Protestantism. Since the Reformation times till the end of the Second World War, Protestant traditions influenced the culture of the city and most of all its music life. The development of the music culture in Gdańsk is well-documented in the article. Among the most important sources of Protestant pieces of music from the 16th till 18th century quoted by the author, there are Gdańsk Tablature (Tabulatura Gdańska), Organ tablature from The Cathedral in Gdańsk Oliva (Oliwskiej Tabulaturze Organowej), and Musicalia Gedanenses, which can be found in Staatsbibliothek in Berlin Preußischer Kulturbesitz. recently published by D. Szlagowska, B. Długońska, D. Popinigis, J. Woźniak in Music Collections from Gdańsk (Vol. 1-3, 2007-2011).
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