Search results

1

On Martin-Löf’s Constructive Optimism

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Peluce V. A.

Studia Semiotyczne

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2020

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vol. 34

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issue 1

EN

In his 1951 Gibbs Memorial Lecture, Kurt Gödel put forth his famous disjunction that either the power of the mind outstrips that of any machine or there are absolutely unsolvable problems. The view that there are no absolutely unsolvable problems is optimism, the view that there are such problems is pessimism. In his 1995-and, revised in 2013-Verificationism Then and Now, Per Martin-Löf presents an illustrative argument for a constructivist form of optimism. In response to that argument, Solomon Feferman points out that Martin-Löf’s reasoning relies upon constructive understandings of key philosophical notions. In the vein of Feferman’s analysis, one might be object to Martin-Löf’s argument for either its reliance upon constructivist (as opposed to classical) considerations, or for its appeal to non-unproblematically mathematical premises. We argue that both of these responses fall short. On one hand, to be critical of Martin-Löf’s reasoning for its constructiveness is to reject what would otherwise be a scientific advance on the basis of the assumption of constructivism’s falsehood or implausibility, which is of course uncharitable at best. On the other hand, to object to the argument for its use of non-unproblematically mathematical premises is to assume that there is some philosophically neutral mathematics, which is implausible. Martin-Löf’s argument relies upon his third law, the claim that from the impossibility of a proof of a proposition we can construct a proof of its negation. We close with a discussion of some ways in which this claim can be criticized from the constructive point of view. Specifically, we contend that Martin-Löf’s third law is incompatible with what has been called “Poincaré’s Principle of Epistemic Conservation”, the thesis that genuine increase in mathematical knowledge requires subject-specific insight.

2

Correlation Between Psychological Well-Being and Indicators of Optimism

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Svence G., Golde S.

Signum Temporis

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2008

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vol. 1

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issue 1

71-77

EN

Introduction The research is based on the theory that a high level of optimism of an individual correlates with the indicators of subjective well-being.Aim of the Study To test two problem issues. The first one was: is there any statistically significant correlation between the indicators of psychological well-being and a high level of optimism? The second was: did the respondents with higher levels of income also have higher indicators of psychological well-being?Materials and Methods Ryff''s Scales of Psychological Well-Being and Seligman's Attributional Style Questionnaire. The statistical method for the analysis of correlation was done with the help of Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results No statistically significant correlation was found between the indicators of the personality's positive sense of self and high level of optimisms, but it could be related to the low indicator of inner validity in Seligman's test (Cronbah's alpha: .3). As the test has not been standardised in Latvia, it could be the reasons for its low validity. Nevertheless, the analysis of the qualitative data obtained in the research showed that on the level of tendencies there is a correlation between the level of optimism and separate indicators of psychological and subjective well-being: personal development, sense of significance of one's life, relationships with other people.To test the second problem issue of the research, Ryff's Scales of Psychological Well-Being was used, and the results were correlated to the level of monthly income stated by the respondents. The statistical method for finding a correlation between two attribute features was done by using the criterion of chi-square.Conclusions The results confirmed that there is a statistically significant correlation between the level of a respondent's income and his/her psychological well-being.

3

Najlepszy czy najgorszy z możliwych światów? Studium porównawcze systemów ﬁlozoﬁcznych G.W. Leibniza i A. Schopenhauera

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Czerkawski A.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 1

9-20

EN

The article discusses the views of two great philosophers, Georg W. Leibniz and Arthur Schopenhauer. In his optimistic system, Leibniz perceived the world as created by God. Schopenhauer, in his pessimism, claimed that God does not exist and that the world is ruled by the irrational Will. Surprisingly, the opposing views of Leibniz and Schopenhauer converge in the area of ethics, for both of them consider good action and compassion toward each other the most important things. The author claims that the convergence of their moral standpoints can be explained by their common discovery the metaphysical mystery of being.

4

O filosofickém eskapismu

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Vaškovic P.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2023

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vol. 71

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issue 1

21-41

EN

The study is concerned with the issue of philosophical pessimism and escapism in the work of Emmanuel Levinas and Arthur Schopenhauer. I start from Levinas’ early texts On Escape (De l’évasion), Existence and Existents (De l’existence à l’existant ) and Time and the Other (Le temps et l’autre), in which the French phenomenologist holds a strongly pessimistic point of view and where he also formulates a metaphysical need for an “escape from being.” That same tendency – i.e. the need to escape from an inhospitable existential situation – is then examined in Schopenhauer’s seminal work The World as Will and Representation (Die Welt Als Wille Und Vorstellung). In the first part of the study (i), I thematize the moods of boredom (Schopenhauer) and anxiety (Levinas), in which being appears to both authors as inhospitable. I then examine (ii) the metaphysical assumptions of Schopenhauer’s and Levinas’ pessimism and escapism, or more precisely the non-theistic starting points of their philosophical concepts. In the third part (iii), I focus on experiential assumptions, specifically on negative forms of the subject’s experience with the world – i.e. the experience of physical and psychological suffering, existential loneliness and aimlessness. The last part of the study (iv) briefly outlines the various “escape vectors” from being that both philosophers offer: Schopenhauer demarcates the way out of being – towards nothingness – through asceticism, through the gradual mortification of all bodily and spiritual desires; Levinas, to the contrary, holds in his early texts onto the emotion of pleasure [plaisir], whose ecstaticity pointing to transcendence seems to be for him – however inadequate it remains – a pathway towards the exit from being; in his late work, Levinas then finds a solution in the turn towards ethics.

CS

Studie je věnována problematice filosofického pesimismu a eskapismu v díle Emmanuela Lévinase a Arthura Schopenhauera. Vycházím z Lévinasových raných textů O úniku (De l’évasion), Existence a ten, kdo existuje (De l’existence à l’existant) a Čas a jiné (Le temps et l’autre), v nichž francouzský fenomenolog zastává silně pesimistické stanovisko a kde taktéž formuluje metafyzickou potřebu po „úniku z bytí“. Stejnou tendenci – tj. potřebu uniknout z nehostinné existenciální situace – poté sleduji v Schopenhauerově stěžejním spise Svět jako vůle a představa (Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung). V první části studie (i) tematizuji nálady nudy (Schopenhauer) a znepokojení (Lévinas), v kterých se oběma autorům bytí vyjevuje coby nehostinné. Následně (ii) zkoumám metafyzické předpoklady Schopenhauerova a Lévinasova pesimismu a eskapismu, respektive tedy non-teistická východiska jejich filosofických koncepcí. Ve třetí části (iii) se soustřeďuji na předpoklady zkušenostní, konkrétně na negativní formy zkušenosti subjektu se světem – tj. zkušenosti fyzického i psychického utrpení, existenciální osamělosti a bezcílnosti. Poslední část studie (iv) stručně načrtává rozličné „vektory úniku“ z bytí, které oba autoři nabízejí: Schopenhauer vytyčuje cestu ven z bytí – směrem k nicotě – skrze asketismus, skrze postupné umrtvování všech tělesných i duševních tužeb. Lévinas se v raných textech naopak upíná k emoci potěšení [plaisir], jejíž extatičnost poukazující k transcendenci se mu zdá být – jakkoli však stále nedostačující – cestou k vystoupení z bytí; v pozdní tvorbě poté Lévinas nachází řešení v obratu k etice.

5

Potęga wyobraźni. Między pesymizmem Baudrillarda a optymizmem Beltinga

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Jakubowska J.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2009

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issue 15-16

56-63

EN

Jean Baudrillard thinks that during the act of communication with the world subject cannot reach pure objects, it can only grasp the created i J. Baudrillard thinks that during the act of communication with the world subject can’t reach pure objects, it can only grasp the created image of objects. This observation leads to crisis of subjectivity, which can be overcome by an activity in the space of art. The solution for this crisis is not related to art understood in a traditional way; art should show the way of working of reality instead of reflecting objects.

6

Perfectionistic Cognitions as Related to Optimism and Pessimism in College Students

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Žitniaková Gurgová B.

The New Educational Review

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2011

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vol. 26

272-280

EN

This study investigates the relationship between perfectionistic cognitions and optimism-pessimism, including the results of a study involving 88 college students. The Slovak version of the optimism-pessimism questionnaire ISS (SarmánySchuller, 1992) and the Perfectionistic Cognitions Inventory (Flett, Hewitt, Blankstein, Gray, 1998) were used in our research, which showed a statistically significant negative correlation of r = –0.27 between optimism and the measure of perfectionistic cognitions and a statistically significant positive correlation of r = 0.41 between pessimism and perfectionistic cognitions. These results confirm negative expectations associated with perfectionistic cognitions.

7

Un “libro terribile”, L’Imperio di De Roberto tra disincanto politico e nichilismo

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Ferraro G.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2014

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vol. 41

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issue 4

61-75

EN

book”. Published in 1929, when the Sicilian writer was not longer alive, this incomplete novel concluded the project of literary triptych including the novels L’Illusione and I Viceré. What could arouse dismay and abhorrence in its readers was the nihilistic outcome of the plot. In order to explain it, the authors of the present paper show how the political disillusionment, embodied in the novel by the figure of the young journalist Federico Ranaldi, discloses for De Roberto the horizon of European nihilism. Being symbolic of the Italian generation born after the Unification, Ranaldi loses his political ideals when he understands that the politicians have no faith and are no longer right. Disgusted by the conduct of Consalvo Uzeda di Francalanza, the last heir of the ancient “viceroys” of Sicily, now the minister of the Kingdom, Ranaldi is overwhelmed by a radical, pessimistic vision of the world. Thus it is evident that De Roberto was extremely influenced by such philosophers as Giacomo Leopardi, Arthur Schopenhauer and Eduard von Hartmann.

PL

In the correspondence with his mother, Federico De Roberto defined its own novel L’Imperio as a “a terrible book”. Published in 1929, when the Sicilian writer was not longer alive, this incomplete novel concluded the project of literary triptych including the novels L’Illusione and I Viceré. What could arouse dismay and abhorrence in its readers was the nihilistic outcome of the plot. In order to explain it, the authors of the present paper show how the political disillusionment, embodied in the novel by the figure of the young journalist Federico Ranaldi, discloses for De Roberto the horizon of European nihilism. Being symbolic of the Italian generation born after the Unification, Ranaldi loses his political ideals when he understands that the politicians have no faith and are no longer right. Disgusted by the conduct of Consalvo Uzeda di Francalanza, the last heir of the ancient “viceroys” of Sicily, now the minister of the Kingdom, Ranaldi is overwhelmed by a radical, pessimistic vision of the world. Thus it is evident that De Roberto was extremely influenced by such philosophers as Giacomo Leopardi, Arthur Schopenhauer and Eduard von Hartmann.

8

La Sicilia come metafora: Federico De Roberto e Tomasi di Lampedusa

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Giannanti A.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2014

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vol. 41

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issue 4

47-60

EN

The aim of this work, taking into account the last critical lesson of C.A. Madrignani, is to reflect upon how Sicily has become, through literature, a metaphor of the national political condition, and how it paradigmatically represents the inability of Italy to change. More precisely its purpose is to investigate the contribution to the construction of national identity of authors like F. De Roberto and G. Tommasi di Lampedusa, whose “anti-historical” works are characterized by a desecrating description (sometimes even polemical) of the unification process of Italy. Even this illusory contradiction is part of the dimension referred to by Madrignani as the Sicily effect on Italian literature. In Viceré and Imperio (and even in the war novellas) De Roberto bluntly depicts Italian history as a fierce fight for power, where human egoism prevails, which, according to a pessimistic philosophy, denies any affirmation of positive values.

9

„Podłe życie miałem”. "Puszczyk" Stefana Grabińskiego wobec modernistycznego dekadentyzmu

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Lesińska A.

Załącznik Kulturoznawczy

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2023

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vol. 10

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issue 10

535-555

EN

The article is an attempt to analyze Puszczyk [Tawny Owl], Stefan Grabiński’s first fantastic horror novella, thus introducing this little-known work into the study of pessimistic attitudes prevailing during Modernism, i.e. at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The research is placed in the context of selected approaches to decadence as one of the leading philosophical movements of the era and one which perfectly reflected the mood and melancholic attitudes of the time when the literary work was created. The novella is shown to have the most characteristic features of decadence and corresponds with the general atmosphere and poetics of Polish modernism. Decadence is understood here as an “attitude towards culture, society, civilization, and a certain way of thinking about them” that focuses on “fall, disintegration, or decline.”

10

Concern, Pessimism and Neuroticism of Senior Undergraduates and Students

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Аnida V. A., Belic M., Erdes-Kavecan D.

The New Educational Review

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2021

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vol. 64

273-282

EN

Th is paper explores the relations of concern, pessimism and neuroticism in two groups of young people, students in their fi nal year of high school, and senior undergraduates of diff erent faculties. In this research, we further want to check at what level these cognitive elements are expressed in young as well as whether there is a diff erence between the sexes. Th e study included 274 participants, average age of 20 from the South-Western Serbia. Th e following instruments were used: Scale of optimism / pessimism, Penn state questionnaire of concerns and GEN questionnaire for generalized neuroticism. Th e results showed that young people have a higher concern, pessimism, and that 17.9% of young people in our sample were neurotic. Female gender is more concerned and neurotic when compared to males.

11

L’intertextualité dans l’œuvre de Michel Houellebecq

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Hildenbrand B.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

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2015

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vol. Special Issue: Le monde de la litérrature

133-140

EN

This article is focused on intertextuality in Houellebecq’s work. It describes his philosophical influences such as Comte or Schopenhauer, who helped him to form his own ideas about life and humanity. It also points out his literary influences such as Baudelaire or Lautréamont, about whom Houellebecq refers often with admiration. In the end it evokes a more discreet intertextuality which is rarely exposed when we talk about his work.

12

Jerzy Stempowski i Lew Szestow – egzystencjalizm spowity wschodnią melancholią. Krótka historia przyjaźni

63%

Zimnowoda A.

ARGUMENT: Biannual Philosophical Journal

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 2

PL

Jerzy Stempowski and Lev Shestov - existentialism imbued with eastern melancholy. A short history of a friendship: The main objective of this article is to present the friendship between Jerzy Stempowski - Polish writer, essayist and Lev Shestov - Russian writer and philosopher. The article consist of three parts an and short conclusion. In the first part I focus on Stempowski’s predilections for Eastern Europe, and I also explore Stempowski’s complicated, though clearly evident, relation with existentialism. It is in this context that I show both Stempowski’s close affinity with Shestov philosophy, and his evident antipathy to French existentialism. In the second part I attempt to answer the following question: why did Stempowski have such a strong aversion to Albert Camus’ work. In this part of my essay I briefly refer to a Serbian writer and dissident - Mihajlo Mihajlov. In the third part I explore Stempowski’s friendship with Shestov and I also sketch the ideological horizon they both shared. Moreover, I mention Shestov’s presentations at the philosophical conferences in Kraków and Berlin as well as his meeting with Edmund Husserl in Amsterdam. In the short conclusion to my article I suggest that Stempowski’s existentialism is an individual, original project even if his existentialism draws upon most of the major themes in philosophical treatises and literature of existentialism. His “existential project” is based on: 1. reason which rationally orders reality, 2. sympathy towards antirational and prophetic philosophy of Russian thinkers which he analyses from the positions of a professed atheist and 3. deeply-rooted humanistic values.

13

W obliczu aksjologicznej próżni. O rozpadzie świata wartości w literaturze Młodej Polski i w prozie najnowszej

63%

Chojnacka E.

Prace Literaturoznawcze

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2013

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issue 1

151-166

EN

Experiencing the disintegration of world of the value is located in a range of universal subjects, letting for establishing the dialogue of the tradition with the present. Passed dissertations are concentrating on analysis of the literary way of expressing the axiological vacuum, referring to such issues, like the belief in God, the vision of love, the idea of the house as the space safe, giving feeling approval and closenesses. In the area of contemporary literature stressed also a crisis of the belief in humanity is remaining as the source of the good, returning in visions and dreams. In the conglomeration of showing resemblances and differences above all an attitude of the nihilism, resulting from experiencing reality as the chaos which is giving none is becoming apparent of hope, causes the disintegration of the subject.

14

Pokusa życia mimo wszystko w myśli Emila Ciorana

63%

Piechaczek S.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2014

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vol. 42

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issue 1

109-125

EN

The article considers why it is not worth committing suicide, despite the negative character of human existence. According to Cioran, man’s greatest curse is his self-consciousness, which frequently reminds him of the transitory character of everything and of death, making life unbearable. The best solution would be not to have been born, but if that misfortune should fall upon someone, the solution is to die as soon as possible. Should someone live longer, the best solution is to think how to bear life and to defeat and silence the fear of death. What makes life more bearable is the ability to commit suicide. This gives man a power greater than that of God because one can reject the world and one’ own birth, thus becoming master of one’s own existence. Although death seems to be the only reasonable solution, Cioran does not take his own life away. He chooses the temptation to exist, to live an authentic and full life, and he even offers something resembling wisdom following defeat.

15

Społeczny pesymizm w prozie Romana Sienczina

63%

Roman-Rawska K.

Rusycystyczne Studia Literaturoznawcze

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2015

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vol. 25

131-143

EN

The paper is an introduction to the problems of the contemporary works of a Russian writer Roman Senchin (born 1971). The author is considered to be a representative of the new realism current and his prose is a paradigmatic example of socially-oriented literature. Due to the sociological perspective, the article exposes social and political aspects of his work, but less attention has been paid to poetics as such. However, the psychological and existential aspect of Senchin’s work was also stressed. Furthermore, an attempt was made to resolve the dilemma, whether in relation to Senchin’s works it is relevant to use such theoretical concepts as politics of literature and politics in the literature.

16

Optymizm w opinii badanych studentów rzeszowskich uczelni

63%

Chodkowski Z.

Forum Pedagogiczne

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2023

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vol. 13

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issue 1

269-284

EN

Optimism plays a crucial role in an individual's subjective perception of well-being. The level of optimism directly influences an individual's ability to adapt and function effectively in various environments, such as work and family. This article aims to analyze the level of optimism among young academics who have recently embarked on their studies in science and humanities. The research was conducted as part of a project involving 383 students from the Rzeszów University of Technology and the University of Rzeszów. The research employed a diagnostic survey method, questionnaire techniques, and a standardized tool called the Life Orientation Test (LOT), initially developed by Scheier and Carver (1985), and later modified and adapted for Polish usage by Z. Juczyński in collaboration with M. Bridges (1994). The findings of the study indicate that the students exhibited a moderate sense of optimism. Various independent variables were considered, including the university attended, gender, age, place of residence, and the financial status of the respondents. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the level of optimism based on the type of university and the respondents' gender. On average, students from the Rzeszów University of Technology demonstrated a higher level of optimism compared to those from the University of Rzeszów. These results underscore the importance of greater involvement from educators in nurturing optimism among their students as part of their educational efforts.

PL

Optymizm odgrywa ważną rolę na subiektywne odczuwanie dobrostanu przez jednostkę. Poziom optymizmu jest związany z jakością przystosowania się i funkcjonowania jednostki w każdym środowisku np. pracy, rodzinie. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza poziomu poczucia optymizmu wśród młodzieży akademickiej, która rozpoczęła studia na kierunkach ścisłych i humanistycznych. Badania wykonano na podstawie własnego projektu zrealizowanego wśród 383 studentów Politechniki Rzeszowskiej i Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Do badań wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego, techniki kwestionariusza i standaryzowanego narzędzia badającego poziom optymizmu z życia Test Orientacji Życiowej (Life Orientation Test – LOT) autorstwa Scheiera i Carvera (1985), a następnie wspólnie z M. Bridgesem (1994) zmodyfikowana i przygotowana w polskiej adaptacji przez Z. Juczyńskiego. Badania ujawniły, że poczucie optymizmu z życia studentów kształtowało się na poziomie umiarkowanym. Wzięto pod uwagę następujące zmienne niezależne: uczelnia, płeć, wiek, miejsce zamieszkania i zamożność respondentów. W zależności od rodzaju uczelni i płci badanych, wyniki wykazały zróżnicowanie w poziomie istotności statystycznej Natomiast według średniej, studenci z Politechniki Rzeszowski przejawili wyższy poziom poczucia optymizmu w przeciwieństwie do studentów z Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego. Wyniki tych badań wskazują na potrzebę większego zaangażowania nauczycieli w pracy edukacyjnej na podniesienie poziomu poczucia optymizmu wśród swoich studentów.

17

Antynatalizm jako recepta na problemy współczesności?

63%

Jach F.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2017

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vol. 39 (4)

EN

The paper is an attempt to bring nearer the central assumptions of the anti-natalist thought and thus to answer the question whether antinatalism could be a solution to the problems of contemporary world. In order to achieve this, the roots of the movement, which stem from Eastern philosophy, are presented. Then, certain types of anti-natalism are examined. In the process the sources of inspiration for analysed thought are traced back to the philosophical and religious pessimisms, but it also becomes clear that anti-natalism displays many more inspirations both from western and eastern intellectual traditions. Next, the arguments for anti-natalism are presented and at the end of the paper it is argued, while answering the eponymous question, that anti-natalism view needs some modifications or must be interpreted in a certain way in order to render it helpful in solving our present-day problems.

18

Tragedy and the Limits of Pessimism in Ancient and Modern Realist Political Thought

51%

Humphries C.

In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką

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2020

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vol. 14

223-235

EN

This article explores the question of what we might discover about the nature and significance of contemporary forms of so-called “political realism” – particularly with regard to their relationship to pessimism – from a philosophical consideration of Ancient Greek tragedy on the one hand, and of such supposed ancient precursors of this way of thinking about ethical and/or political matters as Thucydides on the other. The principal thesis put forward here will be that Greek tragedy can prompt us to notice a revealing equivocation within the thinking of prominent recent and contemporary exponents of such realism, connected with what, in practice, it means to withhold assent from forms of morality-centred optimism on the grounds that they are perceived to be dogmatic or speculative. Such political realism, I conclude, when thus formulated, implicitly involves elements that are dogmatically pessimistic, even when expressly aspiring to be anti-dogmatic themselves. In order to clarify the significance of this equivocation, I draw a parallel with some issues that have emerged in the context of the reception of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy.

PL

Artykuł ten porusza kwestię tego, co możemy odkryć o naturze i znaczeniu współczesnych form tak zwanego „realizmu politycznego” – zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do ich związku z pesymizmem – z jednej strony poprzez filozoficzne rozważania na temat starożytnej greckiej tragedii i z drugiej poprzez takich rzekomych starożytnych prekursorów tego sposobu myślenia o sprawach etycznych lub politycznych jak Tukidydes. Główna teza, którą tu postawiono, jest następująca: tragedia grecka może nas skłonić do zauważenia ujawniającej się dwuznaczności w myśleniu wybitnych niedawnych i współczesnych przedstawicieli tego realizmu, związanej z tym, co w praktyce oznacza powstrzymywanie się od przyzwolenia na formy moralnego optymizmu, postrzegając je jako dogmatyczne lub spekulatywne. Dochodzę do wniosku, że taki realizm polityczny, gdy jest tak sformułowany, zawiera w sobie implicite elementy dogmatycznie pesymistyczne, nawet jeśli same aspirują do statusu antydogmatycznego. Aby wyjaśnić znaczenie tej dwuznaczności, przedstawię paralelę z niektórymi kwestiami, które pojawiły się w kontekście recepcji późniejszej filozofii Wittgensteina.

19

Оптимисты и пессимисты в ситуациии организационных кризисов (на примере экономических кризисов в России).

51%

Vodopyanova N. E., Chesnokov V. B.

Relacje. Studia z nauk społecznych

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2016

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issue 1

151-163

PL

Przedstawiono optymizm i pesymizm jako dwie odmiennie pozycje życiowe; pozycję życiową określono jako subiektywny stosunek człowieka wobec rzeczywistości społecznej, który zawiera w sobie wartości i postawy. Obiektywnym składnikiem pozycji jest całość czynów i strategii zachowań w sytuacjach kryzysowych. Optymizm jest rozumiany jako konstrukt systemowy warunkujący wybór czynnych strategii zachowań zaradczych. Pokazano różnice zachowań optymistów i pesymistów w sytuacjach kryzysów w zakresie subiektywnej oceny i prognozowania czasu trwania kryzysów. Zaproponowano technologie psychologicznego monitoringu podmiotów pracy w sytuacjach kryzysowych w oparciu na wzmocnieniu indywidualnych zasobów optymizmu i czynnej pozycji życiowej.

EN

Optimism and pessimism as two different positions in life have been presented; life position defined as a subjective attitude of a man to the social reality, which contains the values and attitudes. The objective component of the position is the multiplicity of actions and strategies of behaviour in emergency situations. Optimism is understood as a system construct conditioning the choice of active coping strategies behaviour. Behavioural differences between optimists and pessimists in emergencies related to subjective evaluation and the prediction of emergency duration have been shown. The technologies of psychological monitoring of entities working in emergency situations, based on the strengthening of individual optimism resources and an active position in life have been proposed.

20

Essentials of Wolniewicz’s thought

51%

Okołowski P., Okołowski P.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2018

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issue 3

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On Martin-Löf’s Constructive Optimism

Correlation Between Psychological Well-Being and Indicators of Optimism

Najlepszy czy najgorszy z możliwych światów? Studium porównawcze systemów ﬁlozoﬁcznych G.W. Leibniza i A. Schopenhauera

O filosofickém eskapismu

Potęga wyobraźni. Między pesymizmem Baudrillarda a optymizmem Beltinga

Perfectionistic Cognitions as Related to Optimism and Pessimism in College Students

Un “libro terribile”, L’Imperio di De Roberto tra disincanto politico e nichilismo

La Sicilia come metafora: Federico De Roberto e Tomasi di Lampedusa

„Podłe życie miałem”. "Puszczyk" Stefana Grabińskiego wobec modernistycznego dekadentyzmu

Concern, Pessimism and Neuroticism of Senior Undergraduates and Students

L’intertextualité dans l’œuvre de Michel Houellebecq

Jerzy Stempowski i Lew Szestow – egzystencjalizm spowity wschodnią melancholią. Krótka historia przyjaźni

W obliczu aksjologicznej próżni. O rozpadzie świata wartości w literaturze Młodej Polski i w prozie najnowszej

Pokusa życia mimo wszystko w myśli Emila Ciorana

Społeczny pesymizm w prozie Romana Sienczina

Optymizm w opinii badanych studentów rzeszowskich uczelni

Antynatalizm jako recepta na problemy współczesności?

Tragedy and the Limits of Pessimism in Ancient and Modern Realist Political Thought

Оптимисты и пессимисты в ситуациии организационных кризисов (на примере экономических кризисов в России).

Essentials of Wolniewicz’s thought