Search results - CEJSH

1

Historyzm i uprawomocnienie. Alasdaira MacIntyre’a historystyczna koncepcja uprawomocnienia

100%

Roszyk M.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 2

61-78

EN

In this paper I argue that MacIntyre’s historicism involves a conception concerning the nature of justiﬁcation, formulated in opposition to ahistorical foundationalism. According to foundationalism justiﬁcation is a matter of an appeal to certain universal and ahistorical principles, constituting the basis of all claims to knowledge. The merit of MacIntyre’s historicism is that it enables one to answer two diﬃculties, insuperable to foundationalism. First, it enables to explain why some basic statements are being treated as justiﬁed even though there exist, in the same area, contending sets of basic statements: justiﬁed basic statements are those which emerge from the history of a given tradition of enquiry as incontestable. Secondly, it allows to explain how we can rationally claim that a certain set of statements is rationally better than others even though they are mutually incommensurable: certain set of statements is better than others, and therefore justiﬁed, if and only if it can resolve diﬃculties insuperable to its rivals and explain both successes and defeats of its rivals.

2

KNOWLEDGE AND TRUTH (Wiedza i prawda)

100%

Wolenski J.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue 3-4

317-325

EN

A fragment of author's original analysis of the concept of knowledge, already presented in numerous publications, is discussed. This analysis forms a base for a dispute over question if semantic theory of truth may be applied to empirical sciences.

3

IGNORANCE AND OMNISCIENCE

100%

Puczylowski T. A.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2008

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issue 46

27-46

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the Fitch's paradox. The reasoning similar to the Fitch's argument is applied to a concept of belief and thus some observations on the knowledge, beliefs and their boundaries are drawn. Interactions among completeness of knowledge, and of beliefs, omniscience and Fitch's theorem are examined. A few erroneous application of Fitch's argumentation or unsupported conclusion drawn from it are shown.

4

EXPRESSION, SELF-KNOWLEDGE AND AUTHORITY. WITTGENSTEIN AND SUBJECTIVITY

80%

Varga S.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2008

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vol. 63

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issue 9

830-838

EN

The author will undertake the attempt to outline Wittgenstein's account of subjectivity by focusing on the central notion of expression, emerging from the rejection of the false alternative between Cartesianism and Behaviourism. Although allowing us to rethink the relationships between inner and outer and self and other, the notion of expression does not seem to provide a plausible explanation of first-person authority. His main point will be that by differentiating the term knowledge (utilizing Polanyi's and Shoemaker's accounts), we can expand Wittgenstein's model in a way helps us understand self-knowledge and first person

5

TEMPORAL ASPECT IN INFORMATION SYSTEMS

80%

Surowik D.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2009

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issue 17(30)

7-12

EN

In the information society, there exists an irresistible need, one may even say a necessity, to acquire and comprehend knowledge. Equipped with a sufficient level of knowledge and defined rules of inference, we are able to undertake specific decisions. In order to attain better representation and exploration of the ever expanding knowledge resources and to undertake appropriate decisions, we create constantly improved means of representing knowledge and enhanced methods of modelling situations for the real world. The language of classical logic is an appropriate tool for the formal description of statistical incidents. Incidents taking place in time require a novelapproach. The power of expression, enabling a formal description of the time component, is made possible by the language of temporal logic.

6

HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE: A LOOK FROM THE CHAIR (Vyscha osvita v Ukrayini: pohlyad z kafedry)

80%

Levchenko L. O.

Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)

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2010

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issue 2

67-71

EN

An analysis of the Bologna process implementation in Ukrainian HEES of technical profile is made, and the related problems are outlined, divided into several categories: (i) absence of training manuals (especially electronic ones), lecturing and methodical materials, test tasks and electronic materials for individual training; (ii) too low computerization of training rooms and hostels; (iii) lack of competencies with lecturing staff, required for teaching students in keeping with employers' demands; (iv) too low level of knowledge in physics, mathematics and computer disciplines with students of technical HEEs, due to the falling level of school education; (v) introduction of test system in Ukraine for recruiting students to HEEs as a measure of fighting corruption, while the testing system elsewhere has the totally different aim, to see the extensiveness and quality of one's school knowledge, that is, the quality (capabilities) of a future student; (vi) prevalence of lectures in the academic (training) program; (vii) poor knowledge of Ukrainian language by lecturers in technical HEEs; (viii) insignificant (if any) research activity of students due to financial constraints; (ix) absence of disciplines in the academic course for software designers, required in routine action, such as informatics (Microsoft Office skills etc.), economics, law; (x) a large part of students trained on contract basis, which expect to gain advanced professional knowledge, but have to listen to basic courses during the two earliest academic years, and are not entitled to preferences if they are excellent students; (xi) fleeing of foreign students from Ukraine.

7

INTERPRETACE ZNALOSTI V SUBSTRUKTURÁLNÍCH RÁMCÍCH

80%

Majer O., Peliš M.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2013

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vol. 20

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issue suppl. 1

79 – 98

EN

The article deals with problems of standard epistemic logics with a special attention to the context of scientific reasoning and to the problem of logical omniscience. The authors discuss various solutions of these problems and propose a new one based on the framework of sub-structural logics.

8

Rola kadry zarządzającej i pracowników w procesie transferu wiedzy na przykładzie organizacji województwa podkarpackiego

80%

Dziura B.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2012

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issue 890

137-148

EN

The development of the knowledge-based economy throughout the world has brought about many consequences for organisations operating in Poland. The organisations with the greatest chance of success are those which sell innovative, knowledge-saturated products and services. Survival in the business world requires the sharing and spreading of knowledge; this is to say the transfer of knowledge, the importance of which grows with the number of people a company employs and customers it has. Creating knowledge in an organisation requires the participation of rank and file workers and lower staff, middle-ranking management and managerial staff. The quality of the knowledge they acquire and produce depends on their direct and everyday experiences. Based on a study carried out in the organisations of the Podkarpackie voivodship, the attitude of managerial staff and employees towards sharing knowledge has been evaluated.

9

G.E.Moore`a “Dowód na istnienie świata zewnętrznego” raz jeszcze

80%

Leszczyński D.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

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2011

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vol. 39

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issue 3

93-124

EN

In the article I am trying one more time to examine G.E. Moore's Proof of an External World, including new views on the problem. The paper is divided in four parts, in which I am analysing following problems: (1) What is the object Moore's proof. (2) What is purpose of this proof. (3) What are Moore’s mistakes and shortcomings. (4) How it is possible to defend Moore's proof. The main hypothesis underlying these analysis is that if we will assume that Moore wasn't an "idiot" and philosophical ignoramus (how, according to John Greco's, many critics suggest), one should read his receipt out as attempt of the alteration of what is called today "classical” theory of the knowledge.

10

The Function of Language in Cognition

80%

Olech A.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2005

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vol. 14

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issue 2(54)

221-229

EN

The classic theory of knowledge is a theory of cognition concerning itself with propositions and concepts conceived either psychologically or logically. A semantically interpreted theory of cognition is a theory dealing with sentences and other verbal expressions. The author compares these two approaches and asks the question: When is it legitimate to transform a classic theory of knowledge into a semantic theory of knowledge? Or, to put the same problem in a different language: When is it legitimate to abandon logically or psychologically interpreted utterances and replace them with sentences and other linguistically interpreted expressions? Such replacement is tempting because propositions and notions lead to numerous, mostly insoluble, controversies, whereas syntactic and semantic formulations are by and large uncontroversial. It must be conceded, however, that such a replacement is not advisable before it has been shown on what conditions it can be executed without losing legitimacy.

11

The Problem of the Representation against a Background of the Dispute between Realists and Constructionists

80%

Sikora M.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2005

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issue 3-4

379-398

EN

The paper presents a critical reconstruction of the problem of representation against a background of the dispute between realists and constructionists. It tries to show that a traditional approach to the representation applied in the frames of both positions needs revision today. On the one hand, it is not possible to limit the application of the category only to the relation of mirroring in the knowledge of the empirical world (as realists believe), on the other, however, the representation should not be completely eliminated from the area of present epistemological investigations ( as constructionists claim). Considering these requirements the author proposes the notion of the representation composed with many units with essential role played by teleological factor. .

12

Kant's Transcendental Philosophy in Fichte's Perspective

80%

Siemek M. J.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 4(52)

275-286

EN

The papar reconstructs in general outline philosophical transcendentalism which was first formulated in the critical writings of Kant, then further developed in his theory of knowledge, and finally made conceptually more precise in the works of Fichte. These two philosophers, Kant and Fichte, are not discussed here as concrete thinkers or authors but as participants and representatives of sense making events and processes which have developed and unfolded in their texts and treatises. Two different though related questions are submitted to close scrutiny. First, what has happened with the Kantian idea of transcendentalism, how has it modified the previous configuration of questions, problems and concepts connected with the philosophical theory of human knowledge? And secondly, why did Fichte's 'Wissenschaftslehre', and not some previously written philosophical work, manage to lay bare theoretical consequences of that event, and why this work rather than any other has showed the way for the future course of the ensuing process of thought.

13

COGNITIVE APPROACH TO CALIBRATION

80%

Farago K., Mora L. X.

Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

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2006

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vol. 61

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issue 3

451-475

EN

Calibration is an important issue in research investigating the appropriateness of probability judgements. Traditionally, calibration has been studied using normative standards, which suggested a general bias (overconfidence). Instead of the normative approach, which considers the rightness of probability judgements, the support theory focuses on how judgements are made. The authors' aim was to study the effect of knowledge and feedback on calibration. They selected groups differing in the amount of their knowledge and in the frequency of the feedback relating to this knowledge. They found that only the amount, and not the feedback, influenced calibration. The results are interpreted in accordance of the support theory: intensity (the stereotypical image about the group's knowledge) is used as a basis for calibration, while the weight of the information (feedback) is neglected.

14

EDUCATIONAL LAND OF WEB 2.0 - A SMALL GUIDE (Edukacyjna kraina Web 2.0 - miniprzewodnik)

80%

Zajac M.

e-mentor

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2010

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issue 2(34)

31-35

EN

The article suggests what should be done so that education - not only that defined by the prefix 'e' - would better fulfill the requirements of the modern society, which is described as knowledge-based. The theses stated in the article arise from the authoress' own experience and observations, gathered in diverse contexts and environments. They point that we still do not follow the changes that occur, or at least should occur, in education (also in e-education) due to the increasingly more common presence of information and communication technologies in society's life.

15

Kant and the Problem of Self-Consciousness

80%

Frank M.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

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2004

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vol. 13

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issue 4(52)

263-274

EN

The point of departure in the paper is the problem of identification of the foundations of knowledge, its beginning and status in modern philosophy (Descartes, Leibniz, Wolff, Hume, Fichte, Chisholm, Shoemaker). The author undertakes an analysis of the position taken by Kant in the context of the problem of transcendental deduction of categories and its fundamental principle - the transcendental unity of apperception. He focuses on the connection between transcendental apperception with pre-predicative existence of pure consciousness and intellectual insight. Kant held that consciousness is a result of the self-referring operation of auto-reflection. This means that self-consciousness is not some kind of knowledge, nor is it any sort of mental content through which it would be possible to identify the subject.

16

KNOWLEDGE AFTER THE END OF NATURE: A CRITICAL APPROACH TO ALLEN’S CONCEPT OF ARTEFACTUALITY

80%

Bektaş S.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

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2019

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vol. 26

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issue 2

249 – 264

EN

Barry Allen’s criticism of the traditional definition of knowledge seems to share a radical tone with Stephan Vogel’s concerns about the customary representation of the causes that lie behind our current environmental problems. Both philosophers voice their complaints about the Cartesian picture of the world and dismiss the core idea behind the notorious duality embedded in that picture. What they propose instead is a monistic perspective positing an artefactual networking. In this paper, I will try to draw attention to certain weak aspects of Allen’s refreshing description of knowledge as “superlative artefactual performance” and offer a way to improve that characterization via Vogel’s notion “wildness”. More specifically, I will propose a solution to the problems pertaining to the distinction between good and bad artefacts with respect to the epistemic criteria proposed by Allen, and claim that the temporal gap standing in between the expectations of a designer and the qualities of her design may contribute to our understanding of the nature of an artefact. I maintain that each creative attempt to know a given artefact is to be appreciated by recognizing its different uses. In doing so, I will also try to show why and how certain bad artefacts get their undesirable status because of leading up to techno-cultural stagnation.

17

ASYMMETRY OF KNOWLEDGE WITHIN NETWORK COMPANY (Asymetria wiedzy w przedsiebiorstwie sieciowym)

80%

Strychalski M.

e-mentor

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2011

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issue 2 (39)

59-63

EN

The author of this article not only attempts to identify the most important causes of knowledge asymmetry within network organization by presenting the complexity of this issue but also indicates the reasons for knowledge disharmonious development. Being focused on the negative results of knowledge asymmetry the author shows that synergic effect within the net of relations may be achieved through the proper cooperation of economical partners. Moreover, the author of this article makes a hypothesis that knowledge asymmetry within a network results in decrease of network companies' market value. In the final part of the article the author presents the factors which are responsible for the disruption of relations between companies and which are usually caused by an inconsiderate management of the intangible asset, namely, the knowledge.

18

LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTS VERSUS THE PERCEPTION AND PRACTICE OF SHARING KNOWLEDGE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY STUDENTS (Wyniki w nauce a postrzeganie i praktykowanie dzielenia sie wiedza wsród uczniów i studentów)

80%

Leja K., Stasiak S.

e-mentor

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2010

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issue 3(35)

4-11

EN

Respect for a human being and perceiving an employee as a source of knowledge and not only a source of costs are the features of modern organization. Sharing knowledge and its popularizing are the key factors underlying competitive advantage of an organization. Possessing knowledge does not grant an efficient realization of the aforementioned processes. If so, why are the employees so reluctant to share this immaterial substance, which they do not loose by its exchange? Are they evaluated only for possessing knowledge or for sharing it as well? The article describes the results of a pilot study, carried out among the high school and university students, on the consciousness of the significance of sharing knowledge. The preliminary results indicate that the students who achieve the highest marks do not belong to the group of those who are the most eager to share their knowledge with others.

19

DIAGRAMS, DIFFERENCE-MAKERS, AND BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

80%

Tee S.-H.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2019

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vol. 74

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issue 10

823 – 840

EN

It is intriguing how scientific diagrams can facilitate scientific explanations. Philosophers argue that the difference-maker afforded in scientific diagrams can pro-vide an explanation for the phenomenon of interest. I argue that difference-maker alone is insufficient to provide a well-informed scientific explanation. I articulate that the non-depicting relevant background knowledge has a significant role to play in diagrammatic explanations. The difference-makers play the solicitor role in soliciting the relevant explanatory resources from the relevant background knowledge of the depictum. An epistemic aggregation which regiments the relevant background knowledge may provide a well-informed scientific explanation of a depicted phenomenon.

20

Konstruowanie przewag regionalnych a tworzenie wartości polskich przedsiębiorstw

80%

Kuczewska J.

Zarządzanie i Finanse

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2012

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vol. 4

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issue 1

367-387

EN

Proper identification and use of competitive advantages, which reveal not only the effectiveness of potential management, but also the opportunities and threats from the environment is a very important aspect of the enterprise strategy in the modern economy. Business environment, inextricably linked to its location and containing in itself both elements of the industrial and the macroeconomic environment is being constructed within the region and its ability to create a competitive and conducive business related areas. The competitiveness of regions is being built today, with the participation of key actors of the economy such as business, science and government (the concept of the Triple Helix). The regions have the potential, creating by: specialized companies, often integrated in clusters, R&D institutions with knowledge infrastructure, business climate with enterprise policy and people climate. The essence of the modern concept of constructing the regional competitive advantages is the ability to manage its potential with the use of regional systems of innovation. The role of these systems is the optimum combination and use of the triple helix partners potential, research and application of knowledge and organizational control. The aim of the analysis is undertaken to highlight the role of constructing the regional competitive advantages in the creation of enterprise value and to determine the potential of Polish regions to build relations of cooperation between enterprises, public and research institutions. The paper presents the knowledge based approach that generation and use requires a dynamic interplay and transformation of tacit and encoded knowledge.

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